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Biomedical subjects

S D Stephens

Publications and source records attributed to S D Stephens.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The value of some suprathreshold auditory measures.

Factors, both acoustic and non-acoustic, which may influence the Most Comfortable Loudness Level, the Uncomfortable Loudness Level, the Acoustic Reflex Threshold and the Threshold of Overload are reviewed. A direct experimental comparison of these measures was made with respect to their absolute values and the between- and within-subject variances. The Most Comfortable Loudness Level was found to have the greatest within- and between-subject variability. The Uncomfortable Loudness Level, although having high between-subject variability, did not have significantly greater within-subject variability than the Acoustic Reflex Threshold. The significance of these results is discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Acoustic reflex measures of cochlear damage--a normative study.

It has been argued that certain reflex measures may indicate the presence of end-organ hearing loss. It has been noticed that the difference between wide band noise and pure tone thresholds is diminished, that the reflex threshold duration function is flattened and that the reflex relaxation index, as specified by Norris et al. (1974b), is reduced in cases of end-organ hearing loss. These aspects of the acoustic stapedial reflex, together with its growth with stimulus intensity, have been investigated in 25 normally hearing subjects. The overriding feature of the measures taken of the acoustic stapedial reflex, was the high inter-subject variability. The differences between the acoustic reflex thresholds for pure tone and WBN was found to be normally distributed about a mean value of 12 dB. The threshold-duration functions again were highly variable and encompassed the entire range of results from normal and end-organ impaired groups as reported by Woodford et al. (1975). The variability encountered in the RRI measures was found to increase with frequency. The growth of the acoustic stapedial reflex with intensity was found to be frequency dependent: the gradient of the function increasing with frequency for the long duration (500 ms) pulses and decreasing with the short duration (50 ms) pulses. It is concluded that considerable caution must be exercised in extrapolation from any one of these measures in isolation.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1976

Subjective and electrophysiologic tests in brain-stem lesions.

A battery of subjective and electrophysiologic auditory and vestibular tests were administered to 22 patients with neurologically confirmed brain-stem lesions to investigate the interrelationships between the test results. Acoustic-reflex and simultaneous midplane binaural loudness-balance abnormalities were related to N2 and N3 abnormalities on the brain-stem evoked-response measures. Unilateral abnormalities in low-redundancy speech tests, prolonged auditory reaction times, and reduced loudness growth on the alternate binaural loudness-balance test were related to ipsilateral N4 abnormalities or contralateral N5 abnormalities on the brain-stem evoked-response measures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Personality measures in E.N.T. outpatients.

Middlesex Hospital Questionnaires were given to 170 new adult outpatients at Lymington Hospital, the Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, and the Royal Northern Hospital, London. The examiners were asked to give their comments on the patients personality and a tentative clinical diagnosis. The significantly older population of Lymington Hospital was found to have lower hysteria and phobic anxiety scores. High hysteria and anxiety scores were found in a group of patients with rhinitis. As a whole there seemed to be little relation between the examiner's impression of the patient and their personality scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Personality tests in Ménière's disorder.

The personality of patients with Ménière's disorder has been evaluated using the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire. The most notable finding was an elevated obsessionality score in the patients with Ménière's disorder as compared with other groups. There was no significant difference between the personality of subgroups of patients complying with rigid definitions of Ménière's disorder and those complying with a more liberal definition. The results of most scales decreased with increasing severity of the disorder, although the obsessionality scores do not follow this tendency.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1975

Masking level difference: a measure of auditory processing capability.

MLDs are evidence of the superiority of the binaural auditory system. Cochlear lesions do not necessarily impair the MLD and persons with cortical lesions are also able to produce normal MLDs. The evidence for intermediate level auditory pathway lesions is more equivocal. The MLD is not the only measure of binaural hearing and binaural hearing is itself only one measure of a number of complex auditory processes. In this experiment measures of MLDs, localization, temporal integration, central masking and difference limen for intensity were made on 11 persons with normal hearing. Correlational analyses including factor analysis indicated that the MLD is a fairly independent measure but that central masking, brief tone audiometry and difference limen for intensity represent related auditory tasks. The relationship of localization tasks in this picture is unclear.

Acoustic Stimulation↗