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Biomedical subjects

S C Pal

Publications and source records attributed to S C Pal.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

An extensive community outbreak of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O86: B7 gastroenteritis.

During the last 20 years numerous reports of hospital-associated epidemics of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) gastroenteritis have appeared in the medical literature. Some of the reports suggest that EEC gastroenteritis can also be a community problem. However, community epidemics of EEC gastroenteritis comparable to those of other communicable diseases like cholera or typhoid are rare.An extensive epidemic of acute gastroenteritis occurred among children in Surat, Gujarat State, India, between 29 October and 3 December 1965. A total of 418 patients was hospitalized during this period: 344 of them were under 2 years of age. Faecal specimens from 81 children admitted between 25 November and 30 November were subjected to microbiological examination. Of these samples, 34 yielded pure cultures of E. coli O(86):B(7) and 1 yielded a pure culture of O(126):B(16). The cases occurred throughout the town including a rural ward. The morbidity rate for the total population was 0.16% and the age-specific morbidity rate for the 0-2-years age-group, was 0.98%; the highest morbidity rate (2.4%) was in the 6-11-months age-group in the urban wards. No definite mode of transmission of the disease could be established.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence and significance of Cryptosporidium infection in Calcutta.

During a 2-year study, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 32 (5.6%) of 566 hospitalized paediatric diarrhoea cases and 2 (1.2%) of 167 non-diarrhoeic individuals. Cryptosporidium was the sole pathogen detected in 17 (3.0%) of the 32 positive cases; in the other 15 it occurred in combination with one or more other established enteropathogen(s). The frequency of detection of the parasite was highest in the 0-6 months age group; no sex-specific difference was discernible. The detection rate of the parasite was highest during the monsoon and post-monsoon months. Most of the patients had watery stools with a mild to moderate degree of dehydration, with the diarrhoea lasting for less than 7 d.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute diarrhoeal diseases in infants aged below six months in hospital in Calcutta, India: an aetiological study.

In a prospective 2-year study, 218 infants aged less than 6 months admitted to a children's hospital in Calcutta with acute diarrhoea and 102 infants (control group) from the out-patient department of the same hospital with similar age, sex and socio-economic composition as the diarrhoea patients, were concurrently investigated for enteropathogenic agents in the faeces. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and enteroadherent E. coli constituted the 3 types of diarrhoeagenic E. coli most frequently (57.4%) detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic infants either as a sole pathogen or in association with other microorganisms. Other enteropathogens detected were rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium and Aeromonas hydrophila. The frequency of detection of various aetiological agents was 72%; in the remaining 28% an infectious aetiology could not be determined. The study suggests that diarrhoeagenic E. coli plays a major role in the causation of acute diarrhoea in infants aged under 6 months in Calcutta.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nootropic and anxiolytic activity of saponins of Albizzia lebbeck leaves.

The effect of saponin containing, n-butanolic fraction (BF), extracted from dried leaves of Albizzia lebbeck, was studied on cognitive behavior and anxiety in albino mice. The elevated plus maze was used for assessment of both nootropic and anxiolytic activity. The nootropic activity was evaluated by recording the effect of BF (0, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) on the transfer latency, whereas anxiolytic activity was assessed by studying its effect on the duration of occupancy in the closed arm. Results showed significant improvement in the retention ability of the normal and amnesic mice as compared to their respective controls. Animals treated with BF (25 mg/kg) spent more time in the open arm in a dose-dependent manner. The BF was without any significant effect on motor coordination. However, it significantly inhibited passivity and hypothermia induced by baclofen (10 mg/kg), a GABA(B) agonist. The data emanated in the present study suggests involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the nootropic and anxiolytic activity of saponins obtained from A. lebbeck.

1-Butanol↗