Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S C Gupta.
A case of multifocal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) in childhood diagnosed by ultrasound, computed tomography and needle biopsy is described. Following antibiotic therapy, ultrasound and a DMSA renal scintiscan showed no discernible scarring and restoration of function. This has not been previously described.
The purposes of this study were three-fold: (a) to determine acute physiologic responses of spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects to peak levels of leg cycle ergometry utilizing functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) of paralyzed leg muscles, (b) to determine the relative contributions of passive and active components of FNS cycling to the peak physiologic responses, and (c) to compare these physiologic responses between persons who have quadriplegia and those who have paraplegia. Thirty SCI subjects (17 quadriplegics and 13 paraplegics) performed a discontinuous graded FNS exercise test from rest to fatigue on an ERGYS 1 ergometer. Steady-state physiologic responses were determined by open-circuit spirometry, impedance cardiography with ECG, and auscultation. In the combined statistics of both groups, it was noted that peak FNS cycling significantly increased (from rest levels) mean oxygen uptake by 255%, arteriovenous O2 difference VO2 and VE, Q and a-vO2 and VCO by 69%, and stroke volume by 45%, while total peripheral vascular resistance decreased by 43%. Mean peak power output for paraplegics (15 W) was significantly higher than for quadriplegics (9 W), eliciting higher peak levels of pulmonary ventilation and sympathetically mediated hemodynamic responses such as cardiac output, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure. Passive cycling without FNS produced no statistically significant increases in physiologic responses above the resting level in either group.
Growth of cell suspension cultures of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv VFNT-Cherry, in the presence of cadmium is inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Cell growth and phytochelatin synthesis are restored to cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine by the addition of glutathione to the medium. Glutathione stimulates the accumulation of phytochelatins in cadmium treated cells, indicating that availability of glutathione can limit synthesis of these peptides. Exogenous glutathione causes a disproportionate increase in the level of smaller phytochelatins, notably [gamma-Glu-Cys](2)-Gly. In the presence of buthionine sulfoximine and glutathione, phytochelatins that are produced upon exposure to cadmium incorporate little [(35)S]cysteine, indicating that these peptides are probably not synthesized by sequential addition of cysteine and glutamate to glutathione.
100 consecutive cases of contact depigmentation due to bindi during a period of 11 months were studied. Bindi adhesive material was found to contain 80% para-tertiary-butylphenol (PTBP), by thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectrophotometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The possibility of hypersensitivity to PTBP was ruled out as none of the 15 patients tested with 2% PTBP and 1% para-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin gave any positive reactions. Development of depigmentation could have been due either to individual susceptibility or to constant use for a prolonged period. The area of contact being very small, generalised vitiligo as a result of systemic absorption appeared to be a remote possibility.
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Twelve spinal cord-injured males performed arm-crank exercise (ACE) with and without concurrent functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) of paralyzed leg muscles to investigate the hypothesis that FNS would augment cardiovascular performance during submaximal ACE. Six men who exhibited vigorous isometric contractions of thigh and calf muscles were classed as "responders" to FNS (R), and the remaining subjects with poor or nonexistent contractions served as "nonresponder controls" (C). Steady-state heart rate and oxygen uptake during ACE at 30, 60, and 90 W were not appreciably different from the ACE + FNS condition. However, cardiac outputs in R were augmented by 30% during FNS at rest (from 4.9 to 6.4 l/min), by 18% during 30-W ACE + FNS (from 8.6 to 10.1 l/min), and by 28% during 90-W ACE + FNS (from 12.1 to 15.6 l/min). Similarly, resting stroke volumes were increased by 18% (9 ml) and by 23% (19 ml) at 60 W during FNS in the R group. Calculated total peripheral resistance was reduced at rest and during 90-W ACE + FNS by approximately 24%. In contrast, no alterations of circulatory hemodynamics were observed for C subjects. These data indicate that FNS-induced contractions of paralyzed leg muscles augment venous return to aid central cardiovascular control during upper-body submaximal exercise in paraplegics.
Ninety-two patients undergoing upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy were monitored with holter recording for electrocardiographic changes during the procedures. The electrocardiographic changes were seen in 20.6% of the patients. These included cardiac arrhythmias in 16.2% and ischemic ST-T changes in 4.4% of the patients. The incidence of these changes was more in patients with cardiac (36%) or pulmonary disease (25%) than in patients with no clinical cardiac or pulmonary problem (16%). The patients with baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities also showed higher incidence of such electrocardiographic changes during the endoscopic procedures when compared with patients with normal baseline electrocardiograms (32% vs. 16%).
Haemostatic functions in 30 cases of cirrhosis liver (18 bleeders and 12 non-bleeders) irrespective of the type of cirrhosis were studied. All the cirrhotics were found to have normal bleeding and clotting time. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 10 cases (33.3 percent), reduced availability of PF3 in 8 cases (26.6 percent), multiple coagulation factor defects in 18 cases (60 percent), increased euglobulin lysis activity in 8 cases (26.6 percent) and low plasma fibrinogen in 12 cases (40 percent). The combination of these tests indicated consumption coagulopathy with secondary fibrinolysis as the major contributory factor in haemorrhagic diathesis in patients with cirrhosis of liver. These coagulation defects were found to be more severe in bleeders than non-bleeders.
Over the past 25 years, 2921 appendicectomies were performed at this hospital. All were subjected to routine histopathological examination. In 95% of cases, histopathological examination did not add any further information but in 153 (5%) cases, clinically important pathological findings were detected for the first time. Seventy (2.3%) specimens showed typical evidence of tuberculosis. Parasitic infestation was detected in 75 (2.5%), including enterobiasis (1.4%), amoebiasis (0.5%), ascariasis (0.5%), ascariasis with trichuriasis (0.05%), and taeniasis (0.05%). Other lesions found were mucocele (0.1%) and carcinoid tumour (0.1%). It is concluded that routine histopathological examination of all appendicectomy specimens should be performed to avoid missing any clinically important and treatable condition.
Cellulose was functionalized to incorporate triethylenetetramine group. This was in turn converted into the polymeric analogue of cobalt(III)triene complex. The polymeric complex reacts with peptides resulting in the cleavage of amino end amino acid, thus suggesting the applicability of the polymeric reagent as a solid phase reagent for N-terminal determination.
Forty-two adults (22 males, 20 females) with tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) were studied. Majority (88.1%) presented with complaints related to grossly enlarged spleen (greater than 10 cm). The duration of splenomegaly was 1 to 5 years in 54.8%. In 80.9% there was anaemia (Hb less than 10 g%). None of the patients had a macrocytic blood picture. Evidence of portal hypertension was observed in 56.7% and almost a similar number (58.1%) had raised intrasplenic pressure. The liver histology was entirely normal in only 8.8%. T-cell lymphopenia with B-cell lymphocytosis was a prominent feature. IgM values were raised in 73.8% and malarial antibody titres in 91.7% patients. Sixty-nine per cent of cases showed a distinct clinical and biochemical improvement after chloroquine chemoprophylaxis. Though a malarial origin in the development of TSS is favoured its precise aetiology is as yet speculative.
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Of 122 patients with fistulae in ano operated upon in a 5-year period, 19 (15.6 per cent) were found to have tubercular fistulae on histopathological examination. There was no characteristic clinical picture and concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis was present in only three patients. Histological examination of the excised fistula is mandatory for the diagnosis of anal tuberculosis. There were no cases of Crohn's disease of the anal region.
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The case of a haemophilic baby boy who developed a pyloric haematoma due to trauma caused by a feeding gastrostomy catheter balloon is presented. Intramural gastric haematomas are rare and the authors are not aware of any previous reports of intramural haematomas affecting the pylorus alone in this age group. The barium meal appearances of the pyloric haematoma were identical to those seen in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis but ultrasound demonstrated a circumferential pyloric haematoma.
The effect of ingestion by Lymnaea auricularia on the viability and infectivity of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae was studied. The cyst wall was unaffected by the snail's digestive processes. Two rabbits, each infected with 50 ingested metacercariae, died at 83 and 87 days post-infection. Eight and 10 immature flukes were recovered from the livers, indicating that the metacercariae had remained infective after passing through the intestine of the snail.
105 patients with foot dermatitis, seen over a period of 18 months, were patch tested with various shoe allergens. 47 showed a positive reaction to 1 or more allergens. The majority of the cases (37-47) were chrome-positive. Positivity to plastic material was observed in 8, whereas rubber and rubber chemicals accounted for 5 cases. Of special interest were positive reactions to 1,3-diphenylguanidine in 3 and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide in 2 cases.
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