Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Brown.
We isolated 28 recombinants of Rous sarcoma virus at early (24 h) and late (7 days) times after infection. These recombinants were selected for wild type in the pol and src genes and analyzed for their env and gag phenotypes. We were unable to show strong linkage between any two markers, including two markers within a single gene (gag).
A 47-year-old man experienced palpitations and shortness of breath following push-up exercises. Because of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and fatigue, the patient underwent investigation. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization indicated the diagnoses of mitral valve prolapse and rupture of the chordae tendineae. This report represents the first description of such a sequence of events.
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Patients who had undergone a total of 167 orchidopexies by the scrotal pouch technique were followed up for 1-3 years. The technique is described in detail. At follow-up 6 testes were found to have retracted out of the scrotum and these were successfully dealt with at a second operation. One testis was hypoplastic in the scrotal pouch and another infarcted in the groin after the first stage of a planned two-stage procedure. The remaining 159 tests were entirely satisfactory, giving an overall success rate of 95.2%. This technique compares favourably with other methods of orchidopexy, both in achieving a satisfactory anatomical position and in avoiding damage to the testis.
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Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis inhibited the migration of human neutrophils in 63% (twenty-two out of thirty-five) of the cases tested. The inhibition was not due to a toxic effect of the serum as it was reversed by a chemotactic stimulus. There was a strong correlation between the degree of inhibition of neutrophil migration and the amount of immune complexes present in the sera as determined by the C1q binding activity. It is suggested that the inhibition of neutrophil migration is due to the presence of circulating immune complexes, and that the capacity of immune complexes to inhibit neutrophil migration in vitro may also contribute to the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of immune complex formation in vivo.
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Erythropoietin titers were measured in anemic nephric and anephric patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis by utilizing a plasma concentration technique. In eight out of 11 anephric patients studied, decreased but detectable levels of erythropoietin were found, suggesting that extrarenal erythropoietin plays a role in the regulation of red cell production in anephric patients. In 14 nephric uremic patients, erythropoietin production was found to be more variable, with one group of eight patients having erythropoietin levels in the range for normal nonanemic individuals (3.9 to 15 mU/ml), and a second group of six patients with erythropoietin higher than normal (greater than 15 mU/ml). Both groups were found to be equally anemic, indicating that in the second group the bone marrow is less responsive to erythropoietin. The severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism was found to be higher in this second group, suggesting a role of PTH in the bone marrow unresponsiveness. A good correlation between biological and immunological erythropoietin activities was found in the plasma from normal subjects and uremic nephric and anephric patients.
Heat-aggregated human gammaglobulin has been shown to inhibit the random migration of human neutrophils in serum-containing medium. This inhibition was not due to metabolic exhaustion or deactivation of the cells, since migration in the presence of aggregated gammaglobulin and casein as a chemotactic stimulus was not inhibited. The inhibition of migration was not mediated by a negative chemotactic gradient produced as a result of complement activation, and could be demonstrated in complement-depleted serum. Sera obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis with evidence of circulating immune complexes were able to significantly inhibit neutrophil migration, indicating that this phenomenon may be a useful means for the detection of circulating immune complexes. It is suggested that aggregated gammaglobulin or immune complexes can inhibit the chemokinetic effect of serum on neutrophils by a reversible interaction with the neutrophil surface, and that this inhibition could contribute to the accumulation of neutrophils at sites of immune complex deposition in vivo.
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A 3 month program of exercise training was carried out in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease to assess the contribution of catecholamines to the training effect of improved exercise capacity and enhanced myocardial oxygen delivery. Training resulted in a significant increase in maximal treadmill exercise time (mean +/- standard error the mean 374 +/- 28 versus 567 +/- 33 seconds, P less than 0.0001). The heart rate-arterial pressure product, an index of myocardial oxygen consumption, was decreased at rest and at all levels of exercise after training. After training, the mean plasma norepinephrine level during supine rest was reduced (320 +/- 23 to 191 +/- 20 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) and plasma epinephrine values were unchanged. When these previously sedentary patients exercised on a treadmill to the maximal level attained before exercise training, the mean plasma norepinephrne and plasma epinephrine concentrations were significantly reduced. These data suggest that the beneficial adaptations of the cardiovascular system to exercise training are at least partially mediated by changes in the catecholamine response to exercise.
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Medical teachers and practising doctors were surveyed by questionnaire and given pre- and post-tests to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of Practical Reviews in Cancer Management, a cassette tape programme of continuing medical education (CME). Doctors indicated a high degree of satisfaction with this approach; in particular the idea of keeping abreast of the current literature while commuting in their cars was appealing. The programme's effectiveness was measured by pre- and post-tests, and the data were analysed by the non-directional t-test for dependent groups. These tests indicated a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in knowledge from the pre- to post-tests.
Three neonates with rectal perforations probably caused by the use of the rectal thermometer, are reported. The dangers of this condition and the difficulty of diagnosis even at laporatomy are emphasised. It is suggested that since the axillary temperature in the neonate is an adequate reflection of the core temperature the routine use of the rectal thermometer, except in exceptional circumstances, should cease.
Cosmetically satisfactory scars were achieved in 94.5% of skin crease orchidopexy wounds sutured with subcuticular polyglycolic acid. Of twenty-seven similar wounds closed with interrupted black silk sutures 18.5% developed hypertrophy at the medial end.
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