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Biomedical subjects

S Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to S Bhargava.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Evaluation of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy for the early detection of sacroiliitis.

Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (QSS) was evaluated for the detection of sacroiliac (SI) joint disease before the appearance of radiographic/changes. QSS with fractional quantitation was done in 13 age- and sex-matched controls and 28 patients with different grades of radiographic sacroiliitis. The SI index of each joint was considered separately. The mean SI index values in patients with grade I radiographic sacroiliitis (1.54) and HLA-B27 positive patients with low back pain (1.50) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than the mean SI index of controls (1.22); but more than 50% of their SI index values were within the 97.5% confidence limits of the control range. The mean SI index values of patients with grade II (1.38) and grade III (1.34) radiographic sacroiliitis did not differ significantly from the mean SI index of controls (P greater than 0.05). Thus a large overlap between the normal and abnormal ranges of sacroiliac ratios limits the utility of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy for the early diagnosis of sacroiliac joint disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Reiter's disease in northern India. A clinical and immunogenetic study.

Thirty-six patients fulfilling the criteria for Reiter's disease were studied (29 men and 7 women; 4:1). The mean age of onset was 23.8 years; in 75% of patients the onset was in the second and third decades. Clinical manifestations included low back pain and stiffness (69%), non specific urethritis (53%), heel pain (44%), radiographic sacroiliitis (42%), conjunctivitis (39%), dysentery and diarrhoea (33%), mucosal ulcerations (17%) kidney disease (14%), anterior uveitis (19%), and keratoderma blennorrhagicum (8%). Peripheral arthritis was mono or oligoarthritis in 58% of patients, mainly affecting the large joints of lower extremities, and it was often asymmetric (mean degree of asymmetry = 0.37). HLA-B27 antigen was detected in 83% of 36 patients compared with 5.9% of 118 controls (relative risk 79, corrected Fisher's P = 7.719E-18).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radiology--including computed tomography--of parasitic diseases of the central nervous system.

Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic infection seen in India. Echinococcus is rare. In cysticercosis multiple diffuse cystic parenchymal lesions predominate in the East, whereas multiple diffuse basal racemose ones predominate in the West. Because of their protean and varied clinical picture, each patient in the past had at least two contrast studies and some even three such studies, before the availability of the CT scan. Angiographic evidence of arteritis and infarcts is documented in the Mexican studies and not seen in the Indian studies. Air studies reveal atrophy of brain parenchyma with demonstration of large cysts, intraventricular or basal. Small diffuse cysts are rarely demonstrated on these studies. CT has proved to be a boon in separating the various pathological groups. The diffuse parenchymal group shows an image morphology of throttled ventricles with or without high attenuating sago grain lesions. This is pathognomonic in endemic areas. The CT image of the localized parenchymal lesions is non-specific and can be mistaken for granulomas, abscesses or tumour. The intraventricular group and basal racemose forms give rise to oozing ventricles with obstructive of communicating hydrocephalus and disproportionate enlargement of the aqueduct and fourth ventricle in the acute stage. The cyst itself is not seen separate from the CSF in the ventricles. The disease runs a prolonged course of relapses and remissions leading to parenchymal atrophy and calcification of the intracranial and soft tissue cysts. The incidence and morphology of calcification varies in different parts of the world from 2.8% in India to 39% in Mexico and 71% in Los Angeles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of peripartum strokes by computed tomography.

Eleven women with peripartum strokes were evaluated by cranial computed tomography (CT). The interval between childbirth and the onset of symptoms varied from 1 day to 22 days. Computed tomography scans were done within 7 days of the onset of symptoms in six cases and in the remaining five cases on the 8th, 12th, 12th, 12th and 20th day, respectively. All CT scans were abnormal, 10 showing evidence of arterial infarction by low-attenuation lesions and only one of sino-venous occlusion shown by a high-attenuating haematoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hydrocephalus caused by tuberculous meningitis: clinical picture, CT findings and results of shunt surgery.

This study is an analysis of 70 children, five months to eleven years of age, with hydrocephalus secondary to tuberculous meningitis. They presented as an acute illness, mostly in early childhood, with disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, rigidity and, sometimes, neurological deficit. CT scans showed ventricular dilatation, periventricular translucency and exudates in basal cisterns. Shunt surgery performed early produced gratifying results without dissemination of tuberculosis. Residual ventricular dilatation following shunt surgery was inversely related to intellectual status. Even with advanced degrees of tuberculous meningitis, thirteen of the twenty-eight children tested for intellectual status were found to be educable or having near normal intelligence. Fatal intraventricular haemorrhages were seen in six cases as a late complication.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1983

HLA B27 related 'unclassifiable' seronegative spondyloarthropathies.

Twenty-five patients (22 males and 3 females) are described who had 'unclassifiable' seronegative peripheral arthritis affecting mainly the large joints of the lower limbs with other typical features of spondyloarthropathies such as heel pain, low back pain, and mucosal ulcers. But their disorders could not be diagnosed as any specific spondyloarthropathy such as ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, etc. The mean age of onset of disease was 21.4 years and 60% of them had mono- or oligoarthritis; 60% had arthritis of only lower limb joints. Knee, ankle, and hip joints were most commonly involved, often asymmetrically (mean degree of asymmetry = 0.28). Minimal radiographic sacroiliitis was present in 4 patients, though 13 had low back pain. HLA B27 antigen was detected in 21 (84%) of these patients and only 5.9% of 118 controls (relative risk 83). In addition to these 25 patients there were 4 others whose only symptom was severe bilateral heel pain: 3 of them were positive for HLA B27.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1983

Thrombosis of Björk-Shiley valve prostheses. Evaluation by cineradiography.

Cineradiography is the most accurate and rapid method in evaluation of the function of Björk-Shiley prosthetic valves manufactured after late 1975 and which incorporate a tantalum foil hoop into the disc. This helps in demonstration of the disc and in the calculation of the opening angle of the disc. In the present series 8 cases with valve dysfunction have been correctly diagnosed by conventional cineradiography, 7 in the mitral and one in the aortic position. In all 8 cases and also in the group of 300 postoperative cases having no symptoms, the opening angle has been measured by the method described by Venkataraman et coll. in 1980. It is recommended that in accordance with the suggestions of these authors, the opening angle should be established for each patient in the immediate postoperative period in order to provide a basis for possible future examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Non specific aortoarteritis (Takayasu's disease). An immunologic and autopsy study.

Large segments of the aorta and its major branches were found to be diseased in 14 autopsied cases of aortoarteritis. Both renal arteries and the left subclavian artery were frequently affected. Superior vena cava thrombosis and thickening of the inferior vena cava were noted in one case each. Tuberculosis was present as small foci in only 3 of the 14 cases. Angiographic evaluation also revealed thickening and narrowing of diseased segments. The descending thoracic and abdominal aorta and renal arteries were frequently involved. Aneurysmal lesions were infrequent. Antiaorta antibodies were investigated using 4 different parameters. None of our cases showed their presence. The role of tuberculosis and/or autoimmunity appears unlikely in the etiopathogenesis of aortitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tuberculous meningitis--a CT study.

This study comprises 60 cases of tuberculous meningitis including both adults and children. Only three cases showed a normal scan. Severe hydrocephalus was present in 87.09% children and only 12.09% adults. The incidence of hydrocephalus increased with the duration of the illness and decreased with age. Exudates in the basal cisterns were graded from mild to severe, the latter being seen only in children. Visible infarcts were shown in 28.33% of cases, 10% showed associated parenchymal tuberculomas. Serial follow-up scans indicate that patients with non-enhancing exudates have a good prognosis when medically treated, whereas in those cases with enhancing exudates the prognosis is poor in spite of medical treatment and surgical shunting; they either succumb to their illness or are left with irreversible sequelae. CT has proved sensitive in both the diagnosis and prognosis in clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Results of ventriculoatrial shunt surgery for hydrocephalus using Indian shunt valve: evaluation of intellectual performance with particular reference to computerized axial tomography.

The clinical experience of treating 110 Indian Children for hydrocephalus by ventriculoatrial shunts using the Upadhyaya shunt valve has been presented. Most of the children had a poor socioeconomic background and were late referrals. Children operated during the period from March 1979 to February 1980 were evaluated pre and postoperatively for mental performance and by CAT scanning as a longitudinal study. Children operated earlier than March 1979 and who came to the clinic for follow-up were also included in the study for observing serial changes in CAT scans and mental performance. A new method of quantifying mental performance in infants and children has been described. Age at operation and nature of hydrocephalus do not seem to have any correlation with the mental performance in shunted children. Severity of hydrocephalus measured as ventricular/brain ratio on CAT scan appears to have a very significant correlation with the intellectual status, children with smaller ventricles having better performance. The longitudinal part of the follow-up study indicates that mental performance of shunted children improves progressively up to 5 years. Longitudinal study of mental performance and serial CAT scans after shunt surgery are recommended as essential refinements in the management of hydrocephalic children.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Right ventricular cineangiography in Tetralogy of Fallot.

Accurate delineation of the anatomy of the cardiac chambers and the pulmonary vessels is a necessary component of the preoperative workup in Fallot's tetralogy. Selective right ventriculograms in shallow right anterior oblique and steep left anterior oblique views were used in the evaluation of 65 cases. Our observations indicate that these views display the anatomy of Fallot's tetralogy to a better advantage than do the conventional anteroposterior and lateral views.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Os penis.

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Bone and Bones↗