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Biomedical subjects

S Balakrishnan

Publications and source records attributed to S Balakrishnan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Fluorimetric screening of dapsone in urine for drug trials.

The DDS/Crestinine ratios obtained by the colorimetric and fluorimetric methods for dapsone were compared in healthy controls, out-patients not claiming to have DDS treatment and inpatients receiving DDS. The ratios by fluorimetric method were considerably lower in the untreated cases compared to the colorimetric method. Fluorimetric assay for dapsone in urine can be more advantageously and reliably used for the preliminary screening of dapsone in urine for drug trials.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Assessment of self administration of dapsone in urine by out-patients attending field clinics.

Self administration of dapsone by 217 out-patients attending the field clinics in the Tindivanam Zone in Tamil Nadu was assessed by measurement of Dapsone/Creatinine ratios in urine. All the patients screened were on DDS 100 mg. daily, most of them for 6 days and the rest for 3 or 4 days in a week. The estimated irregularity of dapsone intake ranged from 15%--25% in the three different areas in this zone. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Dapsone↗
PubMed1979

Pericardial fluid gas analysis in hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade.

Nine patients with hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade were studied to determine the localizing value of gas analysis of pericardial fluid in therapeutic pericardiocentesis. The aspirate and the central venous blood was analyzed simultaneously for partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and hematocrit at the time of pericardiocentesis. In all 9 patients the difference in hematocrit between the pericardial fluid and the central venous blood was not significant. The PCO2 of pericardial fluid was significantly higher than that of central venous blood (p less than 0.025). The PO2 of pericardial fluid was consistently and significantly lower than that of central venous blood (p less than 0.005). We conclude that in patients with hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade, the simultaneous measurement of PO2 and PCO2 of central venous blood and pericardial fluid is a useful rapid bedside method to confirm the site of aspiration during pericardiocentesis. The PO2 determination is statistically the best discriminator between the two fluids in this setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Influence of rifampicin on D.D.S. excretion in urine.

The plasma half-lives and urinary excretion levels of DDS were compared before and during concurrent administration of Rifampicin in 23 cases of active lepromatous leprosy. The plasma half-life of DDS was found to be slightly less during Rifampicin administration. The urinary excretion of DDS was found to be consistently enhanced in all the cases, particularly duotal duration of Rifampicin therapy. The findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The ageing gut: a study of intestinal absorption in relation to nutrition in the elderly.

This study was designed to assess the functional efficiency of the ageing small intestine and the possible role of malabsorption in old people with nutritional deficiencies. Fifty subjects aged 65 to 92 years were studied, of whom 33 presented with anaemia, chronic diarrhoea or bone pains, and 17 were apparently healthy 'controls' with no relevant symptoms. Tests of intestinal function included blood xylose and iron absorption curves, a double isotope Schilling test, faecal fat, urinary indican and small bowel radiology, with duodenal aspiration and jejunal biopsy in some cases. On the basis either of steatorrhoea or at least two other abnormal parameters of absorption, there were 15 cases of malabsorption. Thirteen of these had symptoms but two were 'controls'. Four of these had duodenal diverticulosis, two had the post-gastrectomy syndrome, and one had calcific pancreatitis. Malabsorption in the remaining eight cases was not fully explained. The age range of this last group was 72--86 years; one of them had a contaminated small bowel and two showed some evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. Malabsorption emerged as a significant cause of low levels of serum iron, haemoglobin and calcium. The blood xylose test is a useful screening procedure for intestinal malabsorption in old age, but full evaluation calls for investigation of pancreatic function.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Blood DDS levels and acetylation rates of sulphadimidine in leprosy patients.

The plasma DDS clearance rates and the acetylation rates of Sulphadimidine were studied in a group of 30 leprosy patients comprising of 17 non-responders and 13 responders to DDS treatment. No differences in the acetylator type or in the plasma DDS clearance were seen between the responders and non-responders. Acetylation rate did not bear any relation to the plasma clearance of DDS in the non-responders. The findings indicate that the resistance to DDS therapy in these patients is not related to any abnormal metabolic disposition of DDS.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1977

Monitoring self administration of dapsone by patients.

The Urinary DDS/Creatinine ratios in the supervised in-patients and out-patients attending the C.L.T. & R.I., clinic were compared. The subjects of this study were receiving dapsone at the daily dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg or bi-weekly dosage of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mgs. The mean urinary DDS/Creatinine ratios from out-patients were significantly lower than those of the in-patients in both dosage schedules of treatment and suggest that a certain percentage of out-patients have been irregular in the intake of dapsone in the period immediately prior to the collection of urine specimens. The estimated percentage of gross irregularity of intake is markedly higher in the bi-weekly as compared with the daily dosage schedule. The gross irregularity of intake was particularly marked in the higher dosage groups such as 100 mg daily or bi-weekly and 200 mg bi-weekly. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of low and conventional dosages of dapsone in the treatment of lepromatous leprosy.

A therapeutic trial using two dosages of Dapsone with a schedule of administration of the drug once a week was undertaken at the Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chingleput. Adult males with active lepromatous leprosy who were either previously untreated, or who had no specific treatment for at least three months immediately prior to their inclusion into this study, were the subjects of this trial. Two dosages, viz., 10 mg. per kg. body weight/week, and 3.3 mg. per kg. body weight/week, were employed in this trial. It was found that Dapsone administered orally as a single dose once a week was therapeutically effective in most of the patients, and improvement, clinical or bacteriological, was directly related to the duration of treatment, irrespective of the dosage of Dapsone. Blood levels of Dapsone in these patients were in general commensurate with the dose of the drug in either group. No adverse effects on any of the visceral functions were encountered during the prolonged use of this schedule of treatment with Dapsone.

Dapsone↗
PubMed1976

Development of a pulsatile blood pump.

A new type of pulsatile roller pump is described. The pressure and flow characteristics and the wave forms generated by the pump together with the hemolysis measurements for different pumping parameters are presented and a comparison with a standard roller pump is made.

Heart-Lung Machine↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical aspects of reactional states in leprosy.

Sequential biochemical investigations conducted in cases of lepromatous leprosy in the reactive as well as subsided phases indicated elevated serum levels of mucoproteins and sialic acids and skin levels of hydroxy-proline and hexosamine in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. Elevation of the urinary excretion of hydroxy-proline and certain other amino acids was also noticed during 'lepra reaction'. Enhancement of serum levels of Aldolase, CPK, LDH and transaminases was observed in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. These findings taken as a whole suggest a generalised tissue breakdown in lepra reaction.

Amino Acids↗