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Biomedical subjects

S B Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S B Kim.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Association of plasma fibrinogen concentration with vascular access failure in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma fibrinogen is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease in the general population and patients with chronic renal failure. High plasma fibrinogen may trigger thrombus formation in arteriovenous fistulas. We performed a prospective, cohort study to evaluate the association of plasma fibrinogen concentration with vascular access failure in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis. METHODS: Between September 1989 and October 1995, 144 patients underwent a vascular access operation. In March 1997, 102 patients (56 M, 46 F) who had been followed up for more than 18 months (median; 37 months, range; 18-102 months) were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 52 years (range; 19-78 years). In 35 patients, renal disease was secondary to diabetes mellitus. The type of vascular access was a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft in 17 patients. Seventy-seven patients received recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) therapy during the follow-up period. Plasma fibrinogen, albumin, total cholesterol, hematocrit, platelets and creatinine were measured at the time of operation. Vascular access failure was defined as the occurrence of complications requiring transluminal angioplasty, thrombolytic therapy or surgical repair. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients had at least one vascular access failure and the incidence was 0.3 (range; 0-2.4) episodes per patient-year. The survival rate of vascular access was 78% (native fistula; 80%, PTFE graft; 71%) after 12 months and 70% (native fistula; 73%, PTFE graft; 51%) after 24 months. Older age, a PTFE graft, r-HuEPO therapy, higher hematocrit, lower albumin and higher fibrinogen levels were significantly associated with vascular access failure, whereas gender, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol and platelet count were not. Plasma fibrinogen was inversely correlated with albumin (r=-0.38, P=0.001). The cumulative vascular access survival was significantly lower in patients with high plasma fibrinogen levels (> or = 460 mg/dl) compared with patients with low levels (< 460 mg/dl) (P=0.007). Independent risk factors for vascular access failure analysed by Cox's proportional hazards model were older age (RR; 1.36 by 10-year increment), higher fibrinogen level (RR; 1.20 by 100 mg/dl increment), PTFE graft (RR; 2.28) and r-HuEPO therapy (RR; 3.79). CONCLUSION: High plasma fibrinogen level is an independent risk factor for vascular access failure in haemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reclassification of Amycolatopsis rugosa Lechevalier et al. 1986 as Prauserella rugosa gen. nov., comb. nov.

An almost complete sequence of the 16S rDNA of the type strain of Amycolatopsis rugosa was determined following direct sequencing of the amplified gene. The sequence was aligned with those of representatives of the family Pseudonocardiaceae and related actinomycetes and phylogenetic trees were inferred by using three tree-making algorithms. The organism formed a distinct clade within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the family Pseudonocardiaceae. It was also readily distinguished from all of the validly described genera classified in this taxon by using a combination of chemical and morphological markers. On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic differences, the name Prauserella gen. nov. is proposed for a new genus containing the previously misclassified Amycolatopsis rugosa. The type strain of Prauserella rugosa is DSM 43194T (= ATCC 43014T = NCIMB 8926T).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1999

Amycolatopsis thermoflava sp. nov., a novel soil actinomycete from Hainan Island, China.

A soil isolate, which had been assigned to the genus Nocardia, was shown to have properties consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. An almost complete nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA of the strain was determined following cloning and sequencing of the amplified gene. The sequence was aligned with those available for members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae and related taxa and phylogenetic trees were inferred using three tree-making algorithms. The organism consistently formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the type strain of Amycolatopsis methanolica, but DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that the two strains belonged to distinct genomic species. The organism was also distinguished from the type strains of all validly described species of Amycolatopsis using a battery of phenotypic properties. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the strain merits recognition as a new species of the genus Amycolatopsis. The name proposed for the new species is Amycolatopsis thermoflava sp. nov. The type strain is IFO 14333T.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1999

Streptomyces malaysiensis sp. nov., a new streptomycete species with rugose, ornamented spores.

The taxonomic position of a streptomycete strain isolated from Malaysian soil was established using a polyphasic approach. The organism, designated strain ATB-11T, was found to have chemical and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces. An almost complete 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence determined for the test strain was compared with those of previously studied streptomycetes by using two treeing algorithms. The 16S rDNA sequence data not only supported classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces but also showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line. At maturity, the aerial hyphae of strain ATB-11T differentiated into tight, spiral chains of rugose, cylindrical spores. The organism was readily distinguished from representatives of validly described Streptomyces species with rugose spores by using a combination of phenotypic features. It is proposed, therefore, that strain ATB-11T be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces malaysiensis sp. nov.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Gordonia desulfuricans sp. nov., a benzothiophene-desulphurizing actinomycete.

The taxonomic position of two actinomycetes isolated from soil was established using a polyphasic approach. The organisms, designated 213ET and 213F, were found to have chemical and morphological properties consistent with their assignment to the genus Gordonia. Nearly complete sequences of the 16S rDNA genes of the two strains were determined following the isolation and direct sequencing of the amplified genes. The tested strains were found to have identical 16S rDNA sequences and formed a phylogenetic line within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Gordonia that was most closely related to Gordonia rubropertincta DSM 43197T. However, DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that strain 213ET and Gordonia rubropertincta DSM 43197T belonged to distinct genomic species. Strains 213ET and 213F also shared an identical phenotypic profile which distinguished them from representatives of validly described Gordonia species. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 213ET and 213F merit recognition as a new species of Gordonia. The name proposed for the new species is Gordonia desulfuricans, for which the type strain is 213ET (= NCIMB 40816T).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1999

Oligomycin sensitivity of mitochondrial F(1)F(0)-ATPase in diabetes-prone BHE/Cdb rats.

BHE/Cdb and Sprague-Dawley rats differ in their mitochondrial DNA sequence for the ATPase 6 ("subunit a") gene. Base substitutions in this sequence result in the substitution of asparagine for aspartate at position 101 and the substitution of serine for leucine at position 129. Differences in sensitivity to oligomycin were observed. When the isolated F(1)F(0)-ATPase complex was studied and ATPase activity was assessed, that which was isolated from the BHE/Cdb rats was less sensitive to oligomycin inhibition than that which was isolated from the Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, when oxygen consumption was measured [oxygen phosphorylation (OXPHOS)] and a dose-response curve was generated with isolated mitochondria from these two strains, there was a shift to the left for the BHE/Cdb rat mitochondria. These mitochondria were more sensitive to oligomycin inhibition of OXPHOS than were mitochondria isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. The OXPHOS results are consistent with those from human fibroblasts having either a normal or mutated ATPase 6 gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

It is important to identify patients at risk for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis because renal artery stenosis is a progressive disease and a potentially correctable problem. To determine the risk factors for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, we performed renal arteriography at the time of cardiac catheterization in 270 patients (M:F, 193:77, mean age: 59 years) with clinical ischemic heart disease. Before the procedure, demographic data, medical history, physical findings and laboratory data were obtained. The degree of coronary artery stenosis and renal artery stenosis was quantified with automatic edge detection technique. Significant renal artery stenosis, defined as a narrowing of the diameter by more than 50%, was identified in 28 (10%) patients. Three patients (1%) had bilateral disease. Significant coronary artery disease, defined as a narrowing of the diameter by more than 50%, was present in 231 patients (85%). By univariate logistic regression analysis, older age (68 +/- 8 vs. 58 +/- 10 years), the presence of hypertension (61% vs. 38%), the extent of coronary artery disease, a high fibrinogen level (391 +/- 93 mg/dl vs. 335 +/- 109 mg/dl), a low albumin level (3.9 +/- 0.4 g/dl vs. 4.1 +/- 0.4 g/dl), and a low hemoglobin level (12.5 +/- 1.6 g/dl vs. 13.5 +/- 1.6 g/dl) were associated with the presence of renal artery stenosis (p < 0.05). Serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), creatinine, sex, smoking, or diabetes were not associated. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age (OR: 2.43 analyzed by 10 years increment, p = 0.0001), the presence of hypertension (OR: 2.68, p = 0.039) and a higher fibrinogen level (OR: 1.63 analyzed by 100 mg/dl increment, p = 0. 038) were significant risk factors of renal artery stenosis. Fibrinogen level was negatively correlated with albumin level (r = -0.18, p = 0.004). These results suggest that hyperfibrinogenemia as well as old age and hypertension are independent risk factors for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid glands: a case report with clinical manifestation of recurrent neck mass.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is a recently recognized malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. About 14 cases of SMECE have been reported and this is the first reported case in Korea. A 57-year-old woman presented with right neck mass for 20 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed under the impression of thyroid carcinoma. The resected thyroid gland showed a poorly circumscribed hard mass. Histologically, the tumor consisted of solid nests of large atypical cells with dense fibrous stroma. The tumor cells showed squamoid appearance with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were also rare mucin-containing cells within the nests. Within the hyalinized stroma, numerous eosinophils were found. The surrounding thyroid parenchyma displayed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. There was metastasis in a regional lymph node. Two years after initial surgery, she underwent a modified radical neck dissection due to recurrent neck mass. After the radiation therapy for eight weeks, laryngectomy and esophagectomy were performed due to a recurrent carcinoma in the esophageal wall. We report an additional case of SMECE, with metastasis to regional lymph nodes and esophagus. The tumor appears to be more aggressive than previously reported and a correct diagnosis can be rendered by just examining the metastatic lesions.

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid↗
PubMed1999

Myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia showing peculiar chromosomal abnormality: a case report.

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a closely related group of acquired bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis. These clonal disorders frequently progress to acute leukemia. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia is characterized by an increase in abnormal eosinophils in the bone marrow, relatively good clinical course and inv (16) chromosomal abnormality. We experienced one case of refractory anemia with excess blasts which progressed to refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation and finally to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia showing peculiar chromosomal abnormalities of der (1;7).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Individual or combined effects of enalapril and verapamil on chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in rats.

Previous studies have demonstrated that enalapril and verapamil seem to attenuate the cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. However, the mechanisms have not been completely understood, especially on molecular events. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of individual or combined treatment on osteopontin, TGF-beta, endothelin-1 and procollagen alpha 1(I) mRNA expressions. Enalapril (50 mg/L in drinking water) and verapamil (0.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), alone or in combination, were administered to rats with chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (cyclosporine, 25 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) (n = 5 each). Five rats treated with olive oil vehicle were used as control. After 4 weeks, biochemical parameters were measured, and renal cortical mRNA levels were evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Cyclosporine reduced renal creatinine clearance significantly and induced renal cortical osteopontin, TGF-beta, endothelin-1 and procollagen alpha 1(I) gene expressions around 13.5 +/- 1.3, 2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.1, 1.9 +/- 0.1 folds, respectively. Individual treatment with enalapril or verapamil significantly suppressed the osteopontin and TGF-beta mRNA expression, but not endothelin-1 and procollagen alpha 1(I). Combined treatment also inhibited the osteopontin and TGF-beta mRNA expression but there was no difference between combined and individual treatment. In conclusion, enalapril or verapamil significantly blunted the cyclosporine-induced osteopontin and TGF-beta gene expressions. However, combined treatment did not show any additive effect.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1999

The Korean collaborative study on 11,000 prenatal genetic amniocentesis.

Since amniocentesis made prenatal diagnosis feasible in 1967, the method has been remarkably instrumental in obstetrical practice. A recent study conducted between 1980 and 1997 collected 11,000 amniocentesis procedures done at 10 university hospitals and tertiary centers in Korea. The study indicated that the use of amniocentesis on patients has increased steadily since 1980; however, the number has increased sharply for patients in the mid 1990's. In the 1980's, amniocentesis had been used primarily for patients in advanced maternal age groups (at least 35 years or older). In 1995, amniocentesis had been implemented for the detection of abnormal serum markers (37.6%), and by 1997, amniocentesis was involved in such diagnosis even more frequently (44.8%). Of the total number of uses, 270 (2.5%) involved the detection of chromosomal anomaly. In autosomal disorders, 96 Down syndrome, 33 Edward syndrome, and 6 Patau syndrome were diagnosed. In sex chromosomal anomaly, 10 Turner syndrome, and 10 Klinefelter syndrome were diagnosed. Added to that, 83 translocations, and 15 mosaicisms were diagnosed. Of the 322 cases with abnormal ultrasonographic findings, 21 (6.5%) resulted in chromosomal anomaly. The use of genetic amniocentesis as a prenatal diagnostic test for Korean women has risen 10-fold between 1988 and 1998. As stated earlier, amniocentesis had earlier been used primarily for those in advanced maternal age groups. Today, maternal serum markers and highly sensitive ultrasonic technology can detect many fetal anomalies which eventually necessitate amniocentesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Role of hypoalbuminemia in the genesis of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients.

Our objective was to review the articles about the association between hypoalbuminemia and atherosclerotic or thrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to look for possible explanations for the role of hypoalbuminemia. Increased incidences of CVD were reported in patients with hypoalbuminemia owing to renal or other diseases. Hypoalbuminemia increases plasma levels of lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and arachidonic acid metabolites; it also increases platelet aggregability and blood viscosity, all of which may contribute to the development of CVD. This cause effect association is thought to be "dependent." Changes in atherogenic lipoproteins or lipids, such as LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B, are controversial in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients, possibly because coexistent malnutrition and volume status can affect both albumin and lipids. In our recent study, there was a negative correlation between serum albumin and C-reactive protein, D-dimer (an index of intravascular thrombogenesis), and von Willebrand factor (a marker for endothelial cell injury), but infusion of albumin did not affect the level of these parameters, which suggests that the correlations may be an effect-effect association by a confounding variable, such as inflammation. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is associated with cardiovascular disease via two pathways: one, a "dependent" cause-effect association; the other, an effect-effect association.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1998

Microtiter plate-format optode.

Microtiter plate-format optodes could be assembled by casting bulk-response membranes into the standard 96-well polypropylene-based plate or by screen printing them on an optically transparent substrate with 96-well pattern. The compositions of thick optode membranes, especially the ratios of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to plasticizer [bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS)], were carefully optimized to provide reproducible and rapid response. Adjusting the ratio of PVC to DOS by 1:6, bulk-response membranes containing neutral carrier (4-tert-butyl calix[4]arene tetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester for sodium-selective membrane or valinomycin for potassium-selective membrane) and lipophilic pH indicator (ETH 5294) could exhibit equilibrium response in 5 min. The practical utility of microtiter plate-format optodes has been examined by determining clinically relevant electrolytes in serum samples. It was demonstrated that microtiter plate-format optodes can provide high sample throughput (approximately 100 samples in less than 5 min), analytical performance comparable to that of a potentiometric clinical analyzer, and additional information on electrolytes using the same samples prepared for other colorimetric measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of increasing serum albumin on haemostatic factors synthesized in the liver in CAPD patients.

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum albumin and plasma concentration of haemostatic factors and the effect of raising serum albumin on haemostatic factors synthesized in the liver in CAPD patients. METHODS: We measured blood levels of albumin, fibrinogen, factor II, factor VII, protein C, free protein S, plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin and antithrombin III in 103 CAPD patients and 30 normal controls. Twenty-two patients with albumin < 3.5 g/dl were divided into two groups. In the experimental group (n = 11), haemostatic factors and albumin were measured before, after repeated infusion of 20% albumin 100 ml three times per week for 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after withdrawal of albumin infusion. The same parameters were measured in the control group (n = 11) which did not receive albumin infusion. C-reactive protein and haematocrit were followed in both groups as an indicator of acute phase reactant and an indirect measure of volume status. RESULTS: CAPD patients as a whole had lower albumin and higher fibrinogen and factor VII than normal controls. A significant inverse correlation was present between fibrinogen and albumin (r = -0.27, P < 0.01). Albumin in the experimental group increased from 2.7 +/- 0.4 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 g/l at the end of its repeated infusion and haematocrit decreased from 26.6 +/- 4.4 to 24.9 +/- 5.2%. Fibrinogen and factor VII decreased significantly, even after correction for haematocrit (624 +/- 96 vs 556 +/- 91 mg/dl, 160 +/- 36 vs 121 +/- 44%, P < 0.05). Four weeks after withdrawal of albumin infusion, serum albumin decreased to 2.7 +/- 0.5 g/dl, whereas fibrinogen and factor VII increased to 619 +/- 78 mg/dl and 158 +/- 32%, respectively (P < 0.05). Albumin, haematocrit and haemostatic factors in the control group did not change. CRP was stable during the study period in both groups. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hypoalbuminaemia is an important trigger factor in the elevation of fibrinogen, and possibly factor VII, in CAPD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Saccharopolyspora spinosporotrichia sp. nov., a novel actinomycete from soil.

The generic position of an aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-alcohol-fast actinomycete was determined following isolation of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and alignment of the resultant sequence with corresponding sequences from representatives of the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The assignment of the organism to the genus Saccharopolyspora was strongly supported by chemotaxonomic and morphological data. The strain was distinguished from representatives of validly described Saccharopolyspora species by a number of phenotypic properties. It is proposed that the organism, strain AS4.198T, be classified in the genus Saccharopolyspora as Saccharopolyspora spinosporotrichia sp. nov.

Classification↗
PubMed1998

Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans sp. nov. and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus sp. nov., two moderately thermophilic carboxydotrophic species from soil.

Four moderately thermophilic, carboxydotrophic streptomycetes were the subject of a comparative taxonomic investigation designed to establish their taxonomic relationships. Almost complete sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of the test strains were determined following the isolation and direct sequencing of the amplified genes. The resultant nucleotide sequences were aligned with the sequences of previously studied streptomycetes, and phylogenetic trees generated by using the neighbour-joining, Fitch-Margoliash, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. It was evident from the phylogenetic analyses that strains AT50, AT51 and AT52 were most closely related to Streptomyces thermodiastaticus DSM 40573T and strain AT37 to Streptomyces glaucescens DSM 40716 and Streptomyces pseudogriseolus NRRL 3985. Random DNA amplification profiles clearly distinguished strains AT50, AT51 and AT52 from Streptomyces thermodiastaticus and from strain AT37. The molecular systematic evidence, together with phenotypic data derived from this and previous studies, indicate that the test strains merit species status within the genus Streptomyces. The name Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans sp. nov. is proposed for strains AT50, AT51 and AT52 (type strain) and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus sp. nov. for strain AT37.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Application of the ribonuclease P (RNase P) RNA gene sequence for phylogenetic analysis of the genus Saccharomonospora.

Sequences of the RNase P RNA gene were investigated for the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Saccharomonospora. Aligned nucleotide sequences, determined from the PCR-amplified RNase P RNA gene of representative strains of the genus Saccharomonospora, displayed 94.2 +/- 1.3% interspecific variances. The intraspecific similarity value was 99.7-100% in all species tested. Saccharomonospora azurea K161T and 'Saccharomonospora caesia' K76T displayed identical RNase P RNA gene sequences in the region that was determined and Saccharomonospora sp. K180 showed sequences distinct from validly described species with a similarity value of 94.6 +/- 1.0%. The phylogenetic trees constructed by aligning the sequences either within the genus Saccharomonospora or with other Gram-positive bacteria were similar to the ones derived using sequences of the 16S rDNA gene. Advantageous features of this gene for application as a molecular phyletic marker are discussed.

Actinomycetales↗