The use of idiotype as a target for clinical immunotherapy of B cell malignancies.
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Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Biomedical subjects
S B Kim
Publications and source records attributed to S B Kim.
Annexin-I inhibits PMA-induced c-fos SRE activation by suppressing cytosolic phospholipase A2 signal.
Annexin-I (ANX-I) is a 37-kDa protein with a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding property. Previously we have observed the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) by ANX-I in the studies using purified recombinant ANX-I, and proposed a specific interaction model for the mechanism of cPLA2 inhibition by ANX-I [Kim et al. (1994) FEBS Lett. 343, 251-255]. Here we have studied the role of ANX-I in the cPLA2 signaling pathway by transient transfection assay. The stimulation of Rat2 fibroblast cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced the c-fos serum response element (SRE). The SRE stimulation by PMA was dramatically reduced by (1) pretreatment with a cPLA2-specific inhibitor, arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone, or (2) co-transfection with antisense cPLA2 oligonucleotide, indicating that the SRE activation was through cPLA2 activation. Co-transfection with an ANX-I expression vector also reduced the SRE stimulation by PMA, suggesting the inhibition of cPLA2 by ANX-I. The active domain of ANX-I was mapped using various deletion mutants. ANX-I(1-113) and ANX-I(34-346) were fully active, whereas ANX-I(114-346) abolished the activity. Therefore the activity was in the amino acid 34 to 113 region, which corresponds to the conserved domain I of ANX-I.
Animals↗
Rapid microbore liquid chromatographic analysis of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate in human plasma with on-line column switching.
A fully automated method including microbore liquid chromatography and column switching was developed for the analysis of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) from human plasma samples. After direct injection of plasma samples (100 microl) into the system, deproteinization and analyte fractionation occurred on a Capcell Pak MF Ph-1 column (20x4 mm I.D.) and the DDB fraction was transferred from the MF Ph-1 column to an intermediate column (35x2 mm I.D.) using 15% acetonitrile in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0). The main separation was performed on a microbore C18 column (150x1.5 mm I.D.) using 45% acetonitrile in water. The method showed excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 5 ng/ml) and good precision (CV.< or =3.0%), and shortened total analysis time (20 min). In the concentration range of 5-200 ng/ml, the mean recovery was 90.7+/-1.8% and the response was linear (r2> or =0.999).
Chromatography, Liquid↗
Simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and diclofenac in human plasma by narrowbore HPLC using column-switching.
A fully automated narrowbore high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with column-switching was developed for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and diclofenac from human plasma samples. Plasma sample (100 microl) was directly introduced onto a Capcell Pak MF Ph-1 column (20 x 4 mm I.D.) where primary separation was occurred to remove proteins and concentrate target substances using acetonitrile potassium phosphate (pH 7, 0.1 M) (14:86, v/v). The drug molecules eluted from MF Ph-1 column were focused in an intermediate column (35 x 2 mm I.D.) by the valve switching step. The substances enriched in intermediate column were eluted and separated on the narrowbore phenyl hexyl column (100 x 2 mm I.D.) using acetonitrile-potassium phosphate (pH 7, 0.02M) (33:67, v/v) when the valve status was switched back to A position. The method showed excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 10 ng ml(-1)) with small volume of samples (100 microl), good precision and accuracy, and speed (total analysis time 17 min) without any loss in chromatographic efficiency. The response was linear (r2 > or = 0.999) over the concentration range of 50-10,000 ng ml(-1).
Adult↗
Production of a nisin-like bacteriocin by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A164 isolated from Kimchi.
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A164 was isolated from Kimchi (Korean traditional fermented vegetables). The bacteriocin produced by strain A164 was active against closely related lactic acid bacteria and some food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. The antimicrobial spectrum was nearly identical to that of nisin. Bacteriocin activity was not destroyed by exposure to elevated temperatures at low pH values, but the activity was lost at high pH values. This bacteriocin was inactivated by pronase E and alpha, beta-chymotrypsin, but not by trypsin, pepsin, and alpha-amylase. Cultures of L. lactis subsp. lactis A164 maintained at a constant pH of 6.0 exhibited maximum production of the bacteriocin. It was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, sequential ion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Tricine-SDS-PAGE of purified bacteriocin gave the same molecular weight of 3.5 kDa as that of nisin. The gene encoding this bacteriocin was amplified by PCR with nisin gene-specific primers and sequenced. It showed identical sequences to the nisin gene. These results indicate that bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis A164 is a nisin-like bacteriocin.
Bacteriocins↗
Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on lipid and haemostatic factors in post-menopausal ESRD patients.
BACKGROUND: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been known to have beneficial effects on various atherosclerotic parameters in the general population of post-menopausal women. To evaluate the effects of HRT on those factors in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, we evaluated the changes of lipid profile, coagulation and fibrinolysis markers, and plasma homocysteine levels after treatment. METHODS: Sixty-five post-menopausal women on maintenance haemodialysis were randomly assigned to either an HRT group (n=33) or a control group (n=32). Median age (range) and duration of haemodialysis (range) were 57 years (40-73) and 42 months (6-150) in the HRT group and 61 years (44-78) and 54 months (8-174) in the control group respectively. Oral conjugated oestrogen (0.625 mg) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) was given daily for 12 weeks to the HRT group. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator type 1 antigen (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen antigen (t-PA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) were measured before and 12 weeks after the start of the study in both groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline values between the control and HRT groups. At 12 weeks, HRT increased HDL-C by 12% (P:<0.01) and TG by 20% (P:<0. 01). HRT decreased LDL-C by 9% (P:<0.01), and Lp(a) by 36% (P:<0.01). PAI-1 and t-PA concentrations were also reduced by 21% (P:<0.01) and 9% (P:<0.05) respectively. The mean values of TC, fibrinogen, vWF, and tHcy levels did not change significantly after HRT. CONCLUSIONS: The above results suggest that HRT has favourable effects on atherosclerosis risk parameters in post-menopausal women with ESRD as in the general population of post-menopausal women.
Adult↗
Streptomyces thermocoprophilus sp. nov., a cellulase-free endo-xylanase-producing streptomycete.
The taxonomic position of a thermophilic actinomycete strain isolated from poultry faeces was examined using a polyphasic approach. The isolate, designated B19T, was assigned to the genus Streptomyces on the basis of chemotaxonomic and morphological criteria. An almost complete 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence obtained for the test strain was compared with those of representative streptomycetes, notably thermophilic streptomycetes. 16S rDNA sequence data not only supported the assignment of the strain to the genus Streptomyces but also showed that the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line within the evolutionary branch composed of Streptomyces thermodiastaticus and related species. The strain was distinguished from related validly described Streptomyces species by a number of phenotypic properties. It is, therefore, proposed that strain B19T be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces thermocoprophilus sp. nov.
Animals↗
Rhodococcus koreensis sp. nov., a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterium.
A 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterial strain, DNP505T, which was isolated from an industrial wastewater, was taxonomically studied by a polyphasic approach using phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic methods. Strain DNP505T has a cell wall of chemotype IV containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-8(H2). Mycolic acids contain 43-53 carbon atoms. Strain DNP505T has a cellular fatty acid profile containing straight-chain saturated, unsaturated and 10-methyl-branched fatty acids and has C16:0 as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content is 66 mol%. Strain DNP505T formed a coherent cluster with Rhodococcus species in a phylogenetic inference based on 16S rDNA sequences. Interestingly, strain DNP505T was found to have two types of 16S rDNA sequence, which showed 10 bp sequence differences (99.3% nucleotide similarity). Its differences in some phenotypic characteristics and its genetic distinctiveness indicate that strain DNP505T is separate from Rhodococcus species described previously. It is therefore proposed that strain DNP505T should be placed in the genus Rhodococcus as a new species, Rhodococcus koreensis. The type strain of the new species is strain DNP505T (= KCTC 0569BPT = JCM 10743T).
2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
Gordonia amicalis sp. nov., a novel dibenzothiophene-desulphurizing actinomycete.
The taxonomic position of a dibenzothiophene-desulphurizing soil actinomycete was established using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism, strain IEGMT, was shown to have chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Gordonia. The tested strain formed a distinct phyletic line within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Gordonia, with Gordonia alkanivorans DSM 44369T, Gordonia desulfuricans NCIMB 40816T and Gordonia rubropertincta DSM 43197T as the most closely related organisms. Strain IEGMT has a range of phenotypic properties that distinguish it from representatives of all of the validly described species of Gordonia. It was also sharply distinguished from the type strains of Gordonia desulfuricans and Gordonia rubropertincta on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness data. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain IEGMT merits recognition as a new species of Gordonia. The name proposed for the new species is Gordonia amicalis; the type strain is IEGMT (= DSM 44461T = KCTC 9899T).
Actinomycetales↗
Covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in patients with benign esophageal strictures: initial experience.
PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and clinical effectiveness of covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under fluoroscopic guidance, covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents were placed in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture and were removed with a retrieval hook 1-8 weeks later. RESULTS: Stent placement was successful in all patients, with no procedural complications. After stent placement, all patients could ingest solid food. The stents were successfully removed from all but two patients. One patient passed the stent via the rectum, and the other regurgitated a high cervical stent. After stent removal, one patient developed a small esophagobronchial fistula, which spontaneously sealed within 1 week of stent removal. After stent removal or migration, all patients could ingest solid food. During follow-up (mean, 13 months; range, 2-25 months) after stent removal or migration, 12 patients maintained their improvement in dysphagia and needed no further treatment. Thirteen patients with recurrence were treated by means of repeat balloon dilation. CONCLUSION: Use of retrievable expandable nitinol stents seems to be a safe and effective method of treatment in selected patients with benign esophageal strictures.
Adult↗
Heat shock treatment protects human HL-60 cells from apoptosis induced by lectin II isolated from Korean mistletoe, Visum album var. Coloratum.
Mistletoe lectin II (ML II) isolated from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. Coloratum), an effective therapeutic agent for cancers, is known to induce cell death via apoptosis. In the present study, we found the protective effect of heat shock treatment of human leukemia HL-60 cells against ML II-induced apoptosis. Exposure of HL-60 cells to ML II for 4 h resulted in apoptosis of the cells, which was evaluated by examining "DNA ladder" formation and DNA fragmentation assay. The DNA fragmentation was significantly reduced in the cells subjected to heat shock treatment by incubation at 42 degrees C for 1 h and subsequently allowed to recover for 2-16 h at 37 degrees C, prior to exposure to ML II. HL-60 cells transfected with heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene exhibited resistance to ML II-induced apoptosis very similar to that seen when untransfected cells were heat-shocked. These results indicate that ML II-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells is inhibited by heat shock treatment, at least in part, via a hsp 70-mediated mechanism.
Apoptosis↗
Protein kinase A or C modulates the apoptosis induced by lectin II isolated from Korean mistletoe, Viscum album var. Coloratum, in the human leukemic HL-60 cells.
Mistletoe lectins (MLs) are increasingly used as an anticancer drug in the treatment of human tumors. The cytotoxic activity of MLs against tumor cells is due to programmed cell death (apoptosis). The up- or down-regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) or C (PKC) is known to be associated with the regulation of drug-induced apoptosis. Previously, we isolated cytotoxic MLII from the extract of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. Coloratum) and characterized its biochemical properties. The present study was designed to investigate the role of PKA and PKC in MLII-induced apoptosis. Exposure of human leukemia HL-60 cells to various doses of MLII resulted in apoptosis. However, the treatment of these cells with dibutyl-cyclic AMP (DB-cAMP), PKA activator, or 12-O-tertadecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), PKC activator, suppressed MLII-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, KT5720 and staurospoline, PKA and PKC inhibitors, respectively, reversed the suppression by DB-cAMP and TPA in the MLII-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that the activation of PKA or PKC was involved in the suppression of MLII-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that activation of PKA or PKC in HL-60 cells may confer protection against MLII-induced apoptosis.
Apoptosis↗
Potentiation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis by mistletoe lectin.
Mistletoe lectins (MLs) constitute the active principle in extract preparations from mistletoe, commonly used as immunomodulator in adjuvant tumor therapy. MLs, classified as type II ribosome inactivating proteins, inhibit protein synthesis. Inhibitors of protein synthesis may modify cancer cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). In the present study, we have hypothesized that the anticancer efficacy of TNF may be potentiated by MLs. In deed, simultaneous treatment of human cervix carcinoma HeLa or breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells with MLs isolated from European or Korean mistletoe rendered them more sensitive to induction of apoptosis by TNF. The mechanism by which MLs amplify the effect of TNF may involve suppression of the survival protein synthesis.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
The possible cost effectiveness of peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with cyclophosphamide and the late addition of G-CSF.
The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective protocol for the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in patients with malignancy. Thirty consecutive patients were randomized to mobilize PBSC with the late addition of a standard 250 microg dose of G-CSF (Neutrogen) from day 8 or early addition of the same dose of G-CSF from day 2, following cyclophosphamide (CY) 4 g/m2. The median yield of CD34+ cells from evaluated patients was 7.87 x 10(6)/kg (range, 2.06-27.25), collected in a median of four apheresis (range, 2-9). Target CD34 + cell doses > or = 2.0 x 10(6)/kg were achieved in all patients able to be evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in CD34+ cell yields or toxicities. Overall engraftment occurred with median days to neutrophils > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L or platelets > 20 x 10(9)/L of 11 and 17 days, respectively. However, the duration of G-CSF administration was markedly shorter in the late use of G-CSF group than in the early use of G-CSF group, with a median of 9 days compared with 15 days (p<0.001). PBSC harvesting after priming with CY plus delayed use of G-CSF made it a safe and cost-effective procedure.
Adult↗
Isolation and characterization of biologically active lectin from Korean mistletoe, Viscum album var. Coloratum.
A mistletoe lectin was isolated from water extracts of Korean mistletoe, a subspecies of Viscum album, grown on Quercus mongolica using CM-Sepharose chromatography followed by an affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. The compound proved to be a mistletoe lectin II with D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine specificity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectroscopy showed it to have an average molecular mass of 62.7 kDa and to consist of two subunits of 30.6 kDa and 32.5 kDa. It was a basic protein with isoelectric points of 9.4 and 9.6 by capillary isoelectric focusing and was cytotoxic to Molt4 cell.
Humans↗
Effect of increasing serum albumin on plasma D-dimer, von Willebrand factor, and platelet aggregation in CAPD patients.
This study was performed to investigate the interrelation between blood albumin level and D-dimer (a marker of intravascular coagulation) and von Willebrand factor (vWF; a marker of endothelial injury) levels or platelet aggregation. Blood levels of albumin, D-dimer, vWF, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the threshold aggregating concentration (TAC) of ristocetin were measured in 64 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and compared with 36 healthy controls. Twenty-two CAPD patients with albumin levels less than 3.0 g/dL were divided into experimental and disease-control groups. In the experimental group, levels were measured before and after repeated infusions of 20% albumin, 100 mL/d for 7 days. The same parameters were measured in the disease-control group that did not receive the albumin infusion. CAPD patients had higher D-dimer and vWF levels than the healthy controls. There were inverse correlations between albumin and D-dimer (r = -0.48; P < 0.001), vWF (r = -0.29; P < 0.05), or logCRP (r = -0.44; P < 0.001) in CAPD patients. There were positive correlations between logCRP and D-dimer (r = 0.38; P < 0.01) and between logCRP and vWF (r = 0.32; P = 0.01) in CAPD patients. No change was seen in D-dimer, vWF, and CRP levels in either group. The TAC of ristocetin in the 18 CAPD patients was not different from that in the 11 healthy controls (0.55 +/- 0.09 v 0.65 +/- 0.07 mg/mL). There was a correlation between albumin level and TAC in the CAPD patients (r = 0.59; P < 0.01). TAC increased from 0.50 +/- 0.09 to 0.62 +/- 0.13 mg/mL (123% +/- 17%; P < 0.05; n = 6) at the end of the repeated albumin infusions in the experimental group, whereas it did not change in the control group. CRP level did not change in either group. The results of this study indicate that hypoalbuminemia increases platelet aggregability. The observation that the albumin infusion was not associated with changes in D-dimer and vWF despite the inverse correlations suggests that these relationships may be secondary to other factors, such as inflammation.
Adult↗
Further studies of diabetes-prone BHE/Cdb rats: increased sensitivity to calcium ion suppression of oxidative phosphorylation.
The responsiveness of hepatic mitochondria isolated from hyperthyroid and control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and diabetes-prone BHE/Cdb rats was studied. Hyperthyroidism was induced through the addition of thyroxine (T(4)) to the diet (2 mg/kg of diet). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with the addition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or an 8:1 mixture of adenosine monophosphate (AMP):ADP was studied. Dose response curves of state 3 and state 4 respiration, respiratory control (RC) ratio, and ADP:O ratio to calcium levels (0-7.5 microm) were generated. Mitochondria from BHE/Cdb rats were more sensitive to the addition of calcium than mitochondria from SD rats, as judged by losses in OXPHOS. T(4) treatment potentiated this strain difference and we conclude that the diabetes phenotype in the BHE/Cdb rat is probably related not only to the previously described mutation in the F(O)ATPase but also to a defect in the efflux of the calcium ion that, in turn, affected the regulation of OXPHOS.
Journal Article↗
A cross-sectional study comparing the nutritional status of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients in Korea.
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the nutritional status of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients in Korea and to validate the nutritional assessment method. DESIGN: For nutritional assessment, we used five nutrition-related indicators, including percentage unplanned weight loss, percentage ideal body weight (IBW), serum albumin, appetite and intake, and any gastrointestinal symptoms affecting intake. A 1-month food frequency interview was conducted by clinical dietitians using food models to estimate energy and protein intake. The validity of the nutritional assessment method was tested by objective measures. PATIENTS/SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted in our center for 51 PD patients and 169 HD patients who met the study criteria. In the study, HD patients typically underwent dialysis three times per week, and most PD patients performed four 2-L dialysis exchanges every day. RESULTS: Our data showed a higher incidence of malnutrition in PD patients than in HD patients (33% v 18%) and in diabetics than in nondiabetics. Age, height, and dietary energy intake of the two groups were comparable. In PD patients, however, duration of dialysis treatment (23.9 +/- 19.1 months v 41.8 +/- 31.7 months, P < 0.001) and serum albumin (35.2 +/- 5.0 g/L v 39. 7 +/- 3.4 g/L, P < 0.0001) were significantly lower, whereas percentage IBW (108.1% +/- 12.4% v 96.2% +/- 11.6%, P < 0.0001) and dietary protein intake (1.12 +/- 0.34 g/kg IBW v 0.98 +/- 0.31 g/kg IBW, P < 0.05) were significantly higher than in HD patients. In malnourished PD and HD patients, percentage IBW, serum albumin, dietary energy, and protein intake were significantly lower than in well-nourished counterparts. CONCLUSION: A higher incidence of malnutrition was observed in PD patients than in HD patients. Nutritional profile of PD patients was different from that of HD patients. Higher body weight and lower serum albumin in PD patients did not seem to be related to dietary energy and protein intake. The five nutritional indicators can be used as a simple inexpensive and reliable method for the early detection of malnutrition in dialysis patients.
Adult↗