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Biomedical subjects

S Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to S Aoki.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effect of splenectomy for management of thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report].

A 51-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted in November 1987 because of general fatigue and muscular weakness. She was treated with prednisolone (PSL) 30 mg and azathioprine (AZP) 50 mg after failure in the management of thrombocytopenia by PSL 15 mg. She exhibited no splenomegaly. Muscular atrophy and weakness were seen in the proximal muscles. Her platelet count was 44,000/microliters. A bone marrow aspiration revealed an increase in megakaryocytes. The blood chemistry revealed a normal CPK level and an elevated LDH level, indicating a presence of steroid myopathy. A splenectomy was performed after an increase of platelet count by giving gamma-globulin 400 mg/kg for 5 days. The platelet count rose to 368,000/microliters on the 46th postoperative day. She was treated with PSL 5 mg and AZP 50 mg as postsplenectomy therapy. The splenectomy did not adversely affect other aspects of SLE, in particular, renal function. She had no major complications in the postoperative period. Her platelet count reached a plateau 4 months later and revealed 115,000/microliters 18 months postoperatively.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[CT evaluation of blow-out fractures].

Fifty patients with blow-out fracture were analysed in detail by using CT. Among these cases, 38 and 12 cases were classified as pure type and impure type fractures, respectively. The lesion of pure type noted in five positions of the orbit; floor, roof, medial wall, corner, and floor with medial. The shape of fracture fragments were observed as trap door, punched out, broad and linear in floor type fracture. Herniated ophthalmic muscles were detected in approximately half of the pure type fractures. CT scan plays an important role in the decision to operate on blow-out fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Laboratory and clinical studies of norfloxacin in pediatric field].

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715). The results are summarized as follows. NFLX was given through oral administration to one child each at dose levels of 1.7 mg/kg, 2.4 mg/kg and 3.2 mg/kg. After administration, peak serum levels of NFLX obtained for the 3 dose levels were 0.16 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 0.69 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.81 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively, and half-lives were 2.5 hours, 1.8 hours and 2.7 hours, respectively. NFLX was given through oral administration to 2 children at a dose level of 4.4 mg/kg and to another child at a dose level of 4.8 mg/kg. After administration, mean peak serum levels of NFLX obtained were 1.17 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml and half-lives were 3.0 +/- 0.5 hours. Urinary excretion rates of NFLX were 14.5% and 28.4% in the first 8 hours after administration of 1.7 mg/kg and 3.2 mg/kg, respectively, and 29.1% in the first 6 hours after administration of 2.4 mg/kg. Mean urinary excretion rates of NFLX were 38.5 +/- 13.0% in the first 8 hours after administration of 4.4 mg/kg and 4.8 mg/kg. Treatment with NFLX was made in 33 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 5 cases of tonsillitis, 14 cases of enteritis, 10 cases of UTI and 1 case each of bronchitis, balanoposthitis, impetigo and pustulosis. Results obtained were excellent in 14 cases, good in 15 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Production and characterization of antibodies to advanced glycation products on proteins.

Antibodies directed against advanced glycation products formed during Maillard reaction have been generated and characterized. These antibodies reacted specifically with advanced glycation products in common among proteins incubated with glucose, but not early-stage compounds such as a Schiff base adduct and Amadori rearrangement products. Incubation of bovine serum albumin with glucose caused a time-related increase in immunoreactivity and a concomitant increase in fluorescence intensity. These antibodies may serve as a useful tool to elucidate pathophysiological roles of advanced Maillard reaction in diabetic complications and aging processes.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Effects of intrastriatal injections of selective dopamine D-1 and D-2 agonists and antagonists on jaw movements of rats.

The effects of bilateral intrastriatal injections of the selective D-1 and D-2 antagonists, SCH23390 and sulpiride on apomorphine-induced jaw movements were studied in ketamine-anaesthetized rats after C1 spinal transection. A photo-transducer attached to the lower mandible automatically detected jaw movements. Apomorphine (0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg i.v.) dose dependently increased jaw movements, an effect prevented by prior administration into the ventral striatum of either SCH23390 (0.1, 0.5 and 1 microgram) or sulpiride (125 ng). To be effective, SCH23390 had to be given less than 30 min before apomorphine whereas sulpiride had to be given earlier. Sulpiride injected into the dorsal striatum potentiated the effects of apomorphine, an action prevented by administering the sulpiride with SCH23390. Local application of the selective D-1 and D-2 agonists, SKF38393 (5 micrograms) and quinpirole (10 micrograms) into sites within the ventral striatum from which repeated jaw movements could be obtained by electrical stimulation, also evoked jaw movements; the effects of combining the two drugs were much greater than the effects of either drug alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Umbilical artery velocity waveforms are not valid indices for assessing growth retardation in utero.

Blood flow velocity waveforms from the umbilical artery of 126 normal fetuses with no complications at 20-41 weeks and in 31 growth-retarded fetuses, were recorded using pulsed Doppler ultrasound. A total of 140 examinations were performed on normal fetuses and 49 on growth-retarded fetuses. The resistance index (RI) was used as an index of blood flow resistance. In 30 of the 31 growth-retarded fetuses (96.8%), the values of RI were within the mean +/- 2 S.D. of normal fetuses. Placental/fetal weight ratio (P/F ratio) was assessed. All values of P/F ratio of growth-retarded fetuses were within the mean +/- 2 S.D. of normal values. Small placentas expressed as a normal P/F ratio almost always associated with normal RI values. Therefore, measurement of RI on umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveform by Doppler ultrasound cannot serve as a valid diagnostic index to predict growth retardation of the fetus in utero.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay for non-enzymatically glycated serum proteins.

We have developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for nonenzymatically glycated serum proteins. The polyclonal antibodies prepared against reduced glycated human albumin were specific for the glucitollysine residues of serum proteins. Serum proteins from diabetic patients (n = 25) contained 5.3 +/- 2.8 nmoles of glucitollysine/mg protein, compared to 2.0 +/- 0.2 in controls (n = 20). The intra- and inter-assay variables were 3.2-6.2% and 4.4-8.6%, respectively. Results from this assay procedure correlated well with those from the boronate affinity chromatography procedure (r = 0.94; P less than 0.001). The data suggested that diabetic serum proteins contained at least 2.5 times as much immunochemically detectable glucitollysine residures as normal serum proteins after reduction of the proteins with sodium borohydride.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative dose-response study on the pulmonary carcinogenicity of 1,6-dinitropyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in F344 rats.

The dose dependencies of the lung carcinogenicity of 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were examined by direct injections of these compounds into rat lungs. A total of 276 male F344 rats were divided into 10 groups and given various doses of 1,6-DNP or BaP, or no drug (control group). Both chemicals were injected into the lung, as suspensions in beeswax--tricaprylin and the animals were then observed for 104 weeks. The incidences of lung cancer were 0/39 (0%), 4/30 (13%), 13/31 (42%), 22/26 (85%) and 6/9 (67%) in groups treated with 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.15 mg of 1,6-DNP respectively, and 1/29 (3%), 7/30 (23%), 22/29 (76%) and 9/13 (69%) in those treated with 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg of BaP respectively. No lung cancer was found in control rats. Thus the incidences of lung cancer induced by 1,6-DNP and BaP showed significant dose dependence. At equal doses, the incidence of lung cancer was much higher with 1,6-DNP than with BaP, and the induction of cancer by 1,6-DNP was higher even at one-third the dose of BaP. Histologically, most tumors induced by 1,6-DNP were undifferentiated neoplasms, whereas most of those induced by BaP were well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An elevated level of autoantibodies against 48- to 50-kd keratins in the serum of patients with psoriasis.

Studies on the anti-keratin intermediate filament autoantibodies (anti-KIF-Abs) in sera from psoriasis (Pso) patients were performed by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). According to their reactivities against keratin subunits (50, 56.5, 58, and 63-68 kd), sera were divided into four groups. However, no significant differences in these reactive patterns were found between healthy volunteers and Pso patients. In the second experiment, anti-KIF-Abs in sera from Pso patients, pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) patients, atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and healthy volunteers were determined by ELISA, using as substrate keratins purified from normal human stratum corneum and 48- and 50-kd keratins purified from psoriatic stratum corneum. The serum titers of anti-KIF-Abs against 48- and 50-kd keratins in Pso patients were significantly higher than those in PPP patients, AD patients, SLE patients, or healthy volunteers. The elevated titers of anti-KIF-Abs against the 48- and 50-kd keratins in sera of Pso patients showed a significant decrease with improvement of psoriatic lesions. The above results suggest that anti-KIF-Abs against 48- and 50-kd keratins in sera of Pso patients have some relevance to the severity of the disease and can be used as a marker for the evaluation of the disease activity of psoriasis.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1989

Cranial bone marrow in children: assessment of normal development with MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance images of cranial bone marrow in 238 patients (246 examinations) less than 25 years old were reviewed to establish normal age-related standards. Bone marrow in the clivus and calvaria had uniformly low signal intensity (grade 1) on T1-weighted images in most infants less than 1 year old. The number of patients with grade 1 marrow decreased rapidly in early childhood, while the number of patients with marrow of low and high signal intensity (grade 2) and uniformly high signal intensity (grade 3) gradually increased with age. A grade 1 marrow was no longer observed in either the clivus or calvaria after age 7. Most patients had a grade 3 marrow by age 15. Because bone marrow in certain pathologic conditions has decreased signal on T1-weighted images and therefore resembles grade 1 or 2 appearances of normal marrow in children, these results may be useful for differentiating normal and abnormal bone marrow signal intensities in infants and children.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2: cranial MR findings.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF-1) (von Rekhlinghausen disease) and neurofibromatosis 2 (NF-2) (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis) have been recently recognized to be distinct disorders through genetic linkages. The authors compared the cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images of 53 patients with NF-1 and 11 with NF-2. In the NF-1 group, MR imaging revealed 19 patients with optic gliomas and eight with parenchymal gliomas. In 32 patients, foci of prolonged T2, similar to those reported previously as hamartomas, were identified in the cerebellar peduncles, globus pallidus, midbrain, and other locations. The frequency of these foci was related to both age and the presence of optic gliomas. In the NF-2 group, MR imaging revealed eight patients with cranial nerve schwannomas and six with meningiomas (in addition to acoustic schwannomas in all 11). These findings demonstrate that NF-1 and NF-2 are different diseases requiring different imaging protocols. NF-1 seems to be associated with tumors of astrocytes and neurons and NF-2 with tumors of meninges and Schwann cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Marrow conversion before pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus: assessment with MR imaging.

To evaluate the bone marrow change before pneumatization of the sphenoid sinuses in childhood, the authors retrospectively reviewed short repetition time/echo time midsagittal magnetic resonance images in 56 patients younger than 6 years. The signal intensity of the presphenoid bone marrow (anteromedial part of the sphenoid bone) was as low as that of muscle (grade 1) and remained the same as that of the basisphenoid and basiocicput in all infants (n = 6) younger than 6 months. Between 7 months and 2 years, most patients (24 of 27) exhibited fatty conversion of bone marrow limited to the presphenoid (grade 2). After 3 years of age, most patients demonstrated pneumatization (six of 12 at 3-4 years, eight of 11 at 5-6 years) in addition to the grade 2 findings (grade 3). The presphenoid exhibits signal intensity characteristics of fatty marrow before it is invaginated by the developing sphenoid sinus. Fatty change before pneumatization is a normal developmental process and should not be misinterpreted as a pathologic condition.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

Normal deposition of brain iron in childhood and adolescence: MR imaging at 1.5 T.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain in 285 patients between the ages of 2 and 25 years were retrospectively studied to determine the appearance of brain iron accumulation. The globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and dentate nucleus were evaluated with long TR/TE (repetition time/echo time) spin-echo sequences and staged. All four regions in most patients were initially hyperintense compared with white matter (stage I) before becoming isointense (stage II) and subsequently hypointense (stage III). The globus pallidus was the first to reach stage III, the red nucleus and substantia nigra were next, and the dentate nucleus was last. In general, decreased signal intensity (stage III) was not seen in these regions in patients less than 10 years old; in most patients it was seen by age 25 years. The dentate nucleus decreased in signal intensity more slowly and inconsistently; only one-third of patients had reached stage III by age 25 years. The temporal sequence of normal iron deposition as detected with MR imaging is helpful not only in the diagnosis of known iron-deposition diseases but also in the detection of iron-related pathologic changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Oxygen-derived free radical generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Oxygen-derived free radical generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 with acute bacterial diarrhea and 20 healthy volunteers, was measured by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method by stimulation of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Oxidative free radical generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in patients with active ulcerative colitis was markedly enhanced as compared with control (p less than 0.01), while this enhanced free radical production by the cells was not detected at remission stage. Serial analyses revealed that oxidative free radical production by the cells in patients with ulcerative colitis was markedly enhanced with clinical deterioration of the disease, but it returned to normal level with an improvement of clinical features. These results suggest that the increased oxidative free radical production by polymorphonuclear cells could be related to the pathogenesis or aggravation of ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonographic measurement of the fetal transverse cerebellum in utero.

Ultrasonographic examinations, done to measure the fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (FCD), were performed in 116 women with regular menstrual cycles, at 17-40 weeks of gestation. FCD correlated well with gestational age (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001). The 95% confidence interval of the linear regression was also given. FCD may be a more useful indicator of the accurate gestational age in case of dolichocephaly or brachycephaly, and facilitate antenatal detection of congenital disorders.

Cerebellar Diseases↗