Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Amano.
A new antibiotic, dapiramicin, has been isolated from the fermentation broth of Micromonospora sp. SF-1917. Since the dapiramicin exhibited essentially no in vitro activity by usual bioassays, two assay methods for dapiramicin were developed, HPLC and a new bioassay by growth inhibition of fungal mycelia on a slide glass. Fermentation of dapiramicin is also described.
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An autopsy case of a primary malignant tumor of the heart in a 15-year-old boy was reported. The tumor had possibly arisen from the subendocardial region of the septal area of right atrium, occupied the atrial septum and formed a spherical mass with a diameter of ca. 9 cm. It protruded into the right atrial chamber and ruptured the endocardium. Multiple metastases were observed in the lungs and the paratracheal lymph nodes. On the basis of light and electron microscopic features, the tumor was interpreted as a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with partial myxosarcomatous differentiation. The histogenetical aspects of this tumor were discussed with reference to morphology and cytodifferentiation of primitive mesenchymal tissues of the heart.
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A case of endometrioid carcinoma arising from endometriosis of the sigmoid colon is reported. The histogenesis of the endometriosis in this patient was thought to be artificial secondary implantation of the endometrial tissue into the invaded wall of the sigmoid colon from the ovarian endometriosis during an operative procedure.
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5'-Nucleotidase activity in the cerebrovascular system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats was histochemically investigated. In the hypertensive rats, an enhancement of 5'-nucleotidase activity was observed already in the early stage of hypertension and the enzyme activity increased with advancing age. The enzyme activity appeared earlier and stronger in the larger arteries in the basal portion than the pial arteries in the convexity of the brain and arterioles in the brain parenchyma. The activity in the arterial walls proved to be particularly strong in the thickened parts showing cellular hyperplasia, mainly at the branching portions. The reaction products localized along the plasma membrane, and also in the cytoplasma in some parts where the activity was strong. Relationship between the increased 5'-nucleotidase activity and aging of the cells composing the cerebrovasculature resulted from an accelerated or repeated cell proliferation was discussed.
Measurements of the resting pressure profile of the anorectum, recto-anal reflex and of rectal compliance (reservoir function of the rectum) were made in 24 normal subjects and 16 patients who had undergone low anterior resection for cancer of the sigmoid colon or upper half of the rectum. In the early postoperative period (< 6 month) frequent bowel movements and occasional soiling were experienced by most patients. Fifteen of 16 such patients had regular bowel movements and no soiling after six months. The present studies disclosed that there was a close correlation between control of bowel movements and rectal compliance, but not between the resting pressure profile of the anorectum or the recto-anal reflex and control of bowel movements after low anterior resection.
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Anorectal manometry with perfused side opening catheter was carried out in 86 normal infants and children, 9 infants with Hirschsprung's disease, and 10 children with idiopathic chronic constipation. Studies on pressure volume curve of the rectum and rectal compliance were carried out in 37 normal infants and children, 4 infants with Hirschsprung's disease, and 10 children with idiopathic chronic constipation. Decreased basal rhythmic contraction of the anal canal, absent recto-anal reflex, steep elevation of pressure volume curve of the rectum, and low rectal compliance were characteristic of infants with Hirschsprung's disease. Resting pressure profile of the anorectum, recto-anal reflex, pressure volume curve of the rectum, and rectal compliance were normal in chronically constipated children without megarectum, whereas remarkably high rectal compliance was characteristic of those with megarectum.
Neurological findings and histopathology of the nervous system were studied in 30 patients with Kawasaki disease. As neurological manifestations, irritability, lethargy, meningeal signs such as nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, and opisthotonus, and facial nerve paralysis were present in 8 patients. In 9 out of 11 patients who had examination of cerebrospinal fluid, pleocytosis mainly consisting of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells was seen. Protein and glucose concentrations were within normal range. On histopathological investigation, aseptic chorio and/or leptomeningitis were present in 7 out of 14 patients. Severe edema, edema necrosis and localized status spongiosus were frequently observed. Atrophy, nonspecific degeneration and loss of neurons were detected, but pathognomonic changes were not evident. Marginal gliosis in the subpendimal region and superficial cerebral cortex and glial nodule formation surrounding the degenerated neurons were occasionally seen. Vascular changes such as endoarteritis, periarteritis and perivascular cuffing were present in 5 out 14 patients, though such lesions were geneally mild. Ganglionitis and neuritis in the various areas were seen in 13 patients.
Acid phosphatase activity in the cerebral arterial system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was cytochemically investigated. In the endothelial and medial smooth muscle cells, endoplasmic reticulums and Golgi complex revealed an intense acid phosphatase activity and primary lysosomes containing the high enzyme activity were found to be augmented in number. The enzyme activity was demonstrated in the vacuolated secondary lysosomes and in the intercellular spaces of the arterial walls. Lytic changes of the arterial mural cells and vessel matrix due to lysosomal enzymes were also evident. Causes of the lysosomal enzyme induction and roles of the enzyme in the developmental mechanism of hypertensive cerebrovascular changes in the SHR brain are discussed.
The structure of a new antibiotic BN-227 was determined as I by physico-chemical methods. The X-ray analysis also suggested the structure of I. The structure of antibiotic BN-227-F was determined as II. The antibiotic BN-227-F was prepared by addition of a solution of ferric chloride to antibiotic BN-227.
The producing organism of a new antibiotic, dactimicin, is described. The presence of finger-shaped sporangia bearing motile spores, the absence of aerial mycelium and its cell wall of type II, ascribe this organism to the genus Dactylosporangium. The cultural and physiological features distinguish this organism from all the described Dactylosporangium species. Therefore, it is considered to be a new species for which the name Dactylosporangium matsuzakiense sp. nov. is proposed. Fermentation of dactimicin is also described.
Manometric pressure profile of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was measured with perfused 3-lumen tube (Sherwood Type I, Fr. 10) at 3 different directions at the same level in dogs. 1. Measurement in 8 mongrel dogs disclosed that LES pressure was significantly high at right anterior (2 o'clock) and left anterior (10 o'clock) directions compared with pressure at dorsal direction (6 o'clock). There was no statistically significant difference of LES length 3 different directions. 2. LES pressures and lengths were significantly increased and difference of LES pressures among 3 different directions was amplified by intravenous administration of 4 micrograms/kg/hr of Tetragastrin. 3. LES pressures and lengths were not affected by intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg/hr of Atropine sulfate. 4. LES pressures were preserved, but LES lengths were shortened by division of the phrenico-esophageal ligament. Difference of LES pressures among 3 different directions disappeared after this procedure. Division of the phrenico-esophageal ligament produced the "second" high pressure zone at directions of 2 and 10 o'clock. The present studies suggest that difference of LES pressures, or lengths in different directions is a product of anatomical structures of the hiatal muscle, and not of LES itself.