[Development of a DNA probe specific for Bacteroides fragilis: use of the cloned neuraminidase gene].
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Bacteroides Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
S Akimoto
Publications and source records attributed to S Akimoto.
[The fundamental study of the water jet angioplasty: preliminary report].
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Angioplasty↗
Inverted papilloma of the renal pelvis associated with renal cell carcinoma: a case report.
Twenty-one cases of inverted papilloma of the renal pelvis have been described in the literature. A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to examine a right renal mass. We diagnosed a right renal tumor on the basis of the findings from excretory urogram (IVP), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical material revealed an inverted papilloma in the renal pelvis. We report on the first case of an invested papilloma of the renal pelvis associated with renal cell carcinoma.
Aged↗
[Clinical course of bone metastases by prostatic cancer studies with conventional X-ray].
The clinical courses of bone metastases in 81 cases of prostatic cancer were examined using conventional X-ray. All patients received endocrine therapy as the initial treatment; castration and estrogen were given to 46 cases, castration and antiandrogen to 19, LH-RH analog to 11, flutamide to 5. The response to endocrine therapy was evaluated every 6 months after the start of the treatment according to National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. The prognosis was calculated by cause-specific survival. The types of untreated bone metastases on X-ray were classified into five: sclerotic in 12 cases (15%), mixed but mainly sclerotic in 25 (31%), mixed but mainly lytic in 14 (17%), lytic in 8 (10%) and undetermined with positive scintigraphy in 22 (27%). Two mixed types showed more spread metastases and tendency of elevated prostatic acid phosphatase when compared with other types. Temporary enlargement of sclerotic area within 6 months after start of the treatment did not correlate with deterioration of disease. Remodeling of metastatic areas occurred 6-36 months after start of the treatment showed curative course and the prognosis of these groups were favorable. Most of lytic areas tended to sclerotic finding following endocrine therapy regardless of effects by endocrine therapy. Sclerotic and two mixed types showed better and worse tendencies, respectively. On viewpoint of remodeling, change of metastatic area and newly appearance of metastases, an evaluation criteria of response to the therapy was proposed, which showed good correlation with prognosis. From these observations, it was concluded that bone metastases tended from lytic to sclerotic changes and that lytic-sclerotic cycles occurred repeatedly along with disease progression regardless of effect to therapy. Remodeling seemed to be curative signs of metastatic area.
Aged↗
[Radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma].
Forty-one patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate localized in the pelvis (stage A2, NX; 3, A2, pN0; 5, B, NX; 5, B, pN0; 1, C, NX; 13, C, pN0; 7, C, pN1; 7) underwent curative external radiotherapy. Thirty-two cases were treated by fast neutron combined with or without Liniac X-ray and 9 cases were treated by Liniac X-ray. Twenty-six cases were well controlled by radiotherapy, but 15 cases recurred and were followed by endocrine therapy. The types of recurrence were local growth in 3, distant metastases in 11, and both in 1. These recurrences occurred in the cases of large prostatic carcinoma, small radiation field in NX cases or low radiation dose. The five-year disease-free survival rates of stage A2, B, C were 86, 66, and 47%, respectively and the five-year overall survival rates were 100, 100, and 53%, respectively. The cases with well differentiated carcinoma had better prognosis than those with poorly differentiated carcinoma (p less than 0.05). As 58% of the cases which were given concomitant endocrine therapy were controlled for over 2 years, endocrine therapy seems to be effective in the cases of failure after radiotherapy. Most of the complications were slight and only one case with complication of sacral decubitus needed surgical treatment. It was concluded that external radiotherapy was a good modality for prostatic carcinoma localized in the pelvis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Response to chemotherapy in endocrine therapy-relapsed and -resistant prostate cancer].
Effects of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy (castration with estrogen/antiandrogen)-relapsed (24 cases) or endocrine therapy-resistant (14 cases) prostate cancer were compared. Pretreatment clinical stages in these groups were stage D1 (3 cases) and D2 (35 cases). Regimens of chemotherapy in this study were as follows: cis-platinum (CDDP) (1 case), phosphamide (3 cases), combination of vincristine, phosphamide and peplomycin (5 cases), combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin (ADM) and CDDP (8 cases) and combination of phosphamide, ADM, and CDDP (21 cases). Response to chemotherapy and subsequent survival in these two groups were examined. When evaluated at 3 months after the start of the chemotherapy, partial response and stable cases were 50% and 36% in endocrine therapy-relapsed and -resistant groups, respectively. Because the worse performance status contained more cases in the endocrine therapy-resistant group, the response was compared at the same base of performance status, and the response was almost equal in the two groups. Survival in the endocrine therapy-relapsed group was better than that in the therapy-resistant group. When compared at the same base of performance status, the difference in survival time between the two groups was not evident. In conclusion, the response of chemotherapy was similar between endocrine therapy-relapsed and -resistant patients, and performance status was a main factor influencing the prognosis of endocrine therapy-refractory prostate cancer.
Aged↗
Serum gamma-seminoprotein determination in prostatic cancer.
Serum gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) was evaluated as a new marker for prostatic cancer in comparison with prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). The sensitivity of gamma-Sm and PAP for untreated prostatic cancer was 81% and 67%, respectively. gamma-Sm showed a higher positive rate over all stages than in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). There was no correlation between gamma-Sm and PAP in prostatic cancer. Improved sensitivity was obtained by simultaneous measurement of gamma-Sm and PAP. Specificity of gamma-Sm and PAP for BPH was 87% and 90%, respectively. gamma-Sm normalized after endocrine therapy for stage D2 more often than did PAP. These results indicate that gamma-Sm is another useful marker to evaluate prostatic cancer.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Clinical study of RU 23908 (nilutamide) in prostatic cancer].
To investigate the efficacy and the safety of RU23908 for the treatment of prostatic cancer, an early phase 2 study with the oral administration of 150 or 300 mg daily was performed in 47 patients with stage C or D prostatic cancer at 15 institutions from April 1987 to June 1988. Forty patients were evaluable for efficacy. Concerning the effect on the object lesion, the results of the overall evaluation revealed that complete or partial response (CR + PR) was obtained in 34 of the 40 cases (85.0%). As to the effect classified by site, CR + PR were observed in 35 out of the 40 cases with primary lesion (87.5%), in 10 of the 22 cases with bone metastasis (45.5%), in 5 of the 6 cases with lymph node metastasis (83.3%) and CR was observed in one case with lung metastasis. In the PAP evaluation, 33 out of the 34 cases were judged to be CR + PR (97.1%). The improvement rate of clinical symptoms was 88.9% for bone pain, 83.3% for dysuria and 45.5% for performance status. Adverse reactions were observed in 29 of the 47 cases (61.7%) investigated and 7 cases (14.9%) were withdrawn. During the study period of 12 weeks and the subsequent period of continued administration, 6 cases (12.8%) and 2 possible cases of interstitial pneumonia were diagnosed. From the above results, the treatment of prostatic cancer with RU23908 150 mg/day or 300 mg/day in combination with surgical castration showed an excellent clinical effect compared to conventional endocrine therapy, but has a problem of safety. Therefore, this drug may be expected to be a highly useful therapeutic drug, if safely is improved in the future by reviewing the dose.
Administration, Oral↗
New high-pressure phase of ZrO2 above 35 GPa.
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Journal Article↗
Immunohistochemical study of androgen receptor in benign hyperplastic and cancerous human prostates.
Androgen receptor was detected immunohistochemically in benign as well as malignant prostatic tissues by using a monoclonal rat anti-human androgen receptor antibody (AN 1-15). In both benign and malignant cells, the androgen receptor was exclusively localized in nuclei. In hyperplastic prostate, the androgen receptor was stained in the glandular and the stromal cells. In the gland, cells facing the lumen were stained more intensively than those adjacent to the basal membrane. In cancer tissue, receptor-positive and -negative cancer cells were intermingled. The percent of strongly positive cancer cells was correlated inversely with grade. Relapsed cells showed a low population of strongly positive cells irrespective of grade.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Histochemical examination of expression of ras p21 protein and R 1881-binding protein in human prostatic cancers.
Expression of ras p21 was examined with monoclonal antibody RASK-3 in normal, benign hyperplasic, and cancerous prostates. In patients with stage D2 disease who received endocrine therapy, the relation between ras p21 expression, response to therapy, and prognosis was studied. In these patients, R 1881-binding protein (androgen receptor and progestin-binding protein) was also examined. Non-cancerous cells and most cancer cells from stage A patients did not express ras p21, while expression increased with both higher staging and grading. Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy was done in some stage A2-C cases, and presence of nodal metastasis was correlated with ras p21 expressions in the primary tumours. In stage D2, there was no correlation between ras p21 expression and R 1881-binding protein. Response to therapy and survival did not correlate with expression of ras p21, but was influenced by presence of R 1881-binding protein.
Androgen-Binding Protein↗
[Spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer].
From 1977 to 1986, in the Chiba University Hospital, 107 cases of prostatic cancer with bone metastasis were experienced. In 10 of them spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer was observed. Untreated five cases received endocrine therapy. One of them also underwent spine laminectomy and spinal instrumentation and regained the ability to walk. But the other cases treated by endocrine therapy showed only insufficient improvement of paralysis. Five cases with spinal paralysis which were resistant to endocrine therapy were treated by chemotherapy or radiation to the site of bone metastasis. One of them underwent laminectomy and spinal instrumentation. However, most cases showed no improvement of paralysis. It is concluded that spinal surgery is recommended in untreated cases for the sake of quality of life, but in cases with hormone resistance spinal surgery should cautiously be applied.
Aged↗
Investigating the response of prostatic cancer to endocrine therapy.
The presence of androphilic protein identified histochemically with R 1881-CMO-BSA-FITC correlated with response to endocrine therapy and prognosis. Ras P21 was not a useful indicator of the subsequent course of the disease. Conventional X ray assessment of boney metastases still seems of use in monitoring overall progress of the disease.
Bone Neoplasms↗
[Factors influencing prognosis of stage D2 prostatic cancer following endocrine therapy: comparison between short-term cancer death and long-term survival group].
To clarify factors affecting prognosis following endocrine therapy, stage D2 patients who died from prostatic cancer within 3 years and those under well-controlled state longer than 5 years were compared with respect to background factors and response to endocrine therapy. Thirty-five and 18 cases, respectively, were studied. Differences between the two groups were bone pain, anemia, tumor grade, number of bone metastasis, and response to endocrine therapy. Performance status in long-term survival groups tended to be better than that in short-term cancer death groups.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Changes in prostatic acid phosphatase, gamma-seminoprotein and prostate specific antigen after endocrine therapy for stage D2 prostate cancer].
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were examined on 120 cases of stage D2 prostate cancer between 1979 and 1989. All patients received endocrine therapy as the first treatment; castration and immediate administration of estrogen or antiandrogen (101), LH-RH analogs (13), estrogen (3) and antiandrogen (3). The actuarial survival rates were calculated by the cause-specific survival method. Pretreatment levels of PAP, gamma-Sm and PSA did not influence prognosis. After start of treatment, the relationship between the changes of the markers and prognosis were examined. At 1 month after the start of the treatment, normalization of PAP or gamma-Sm was not reflected in the following course. On the contrary, at 3 and 6 months, groups with normalization of PAP or gamma-Sm showed better prognosis than those with elevated levels. The same tendency of PSA was obtained at 6 months after start of treatment. In patients with normalized PAP at 3 months, abnormal gamma-Sm showed worse prognosis than normalized gamma-Sm. Therefore, the significance of determination on the two markers was manifested. As histological grade influenced the following course, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with normalized PAP at 3 months showed better prognosis than those with elevated levels. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to measure multiple markers for predicting the prognosis of stage D2 prostate cancer treated with endocrine therapy.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Prognosis of the patients with prostate cancer clinically confined within the pelvis].
Between 1975 and 1989, 90 patients with prostate cancer in clinical stage A2 to C underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy. Median follow-up period was 38 months. Almost all of the patients with pN0-1 (49) and 4 of pN2 were treated by curative treatment, such as radical prostatectomy (7) or radiation therapy (45). The remaining pN2 (26), pN3 (4) and pM1 LYM (6) received endocrine therapy. Pelvic lymph node metastasis were noticed in 50 cases (56%). Rates of positive node and degree of nodal extension were related to clinical stage and histological grade. Disease-free survival of the patients with pN0-1 was better than that of the patients with more than pN2. There was no difference in disease-free survival between the patients with pN0 and pN1. We concluded that the patients with pN0 and pN1 were the candidates for curative therapy and recommend that the patients with more than pN2 be treated with endocrine therapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
The pnd gene in E. coli plasmid R16: nucleotide sequence and gene expression leading to cell Mg2+ release and stable RNA degradation.
The pnd gene promotes the degradation of stable RNA in the presence of rifampicin at 42 degrees C, but is repressed during normal growth (Ohnishi, Y. and Akimoto, S. (1980) J. Bacteriol. 144, 833-835). We have determined the sequence of a third srnB-pnd-type gene, and have analyzed the effects of its expression from an inducible promoter. The nucleotide sequence of the pnd gene of the R16 plasmid exhibits an open reading frame for a polypeptide with 50 amino-acid residues, with high sequence homology to the pnd gene of a plasmid (R483) of a different incompatibility group. A possible base-paired stem and loop structure, which may participate in the regulation of gene expression, was detected between the promoter and the initiation codon, analogous to that in two comparable genes, srnB in the F and pnd in the R483 plasmid. When bacterial cells containing a lac-pnd fusion plasmid were incubated with a lac inducer at 30 degrees C, magnesium was released from the cells in bulk, and spheroplasts of the cells lysed even in hypertonic solution. Furthermore, when Mg2+ efflux was inhibited in the medium containing 5 mM Mg2+ or in Tris-HCl buffer, the degradation of stable RNA at 42 degrees C was inhibited. These results suggest that expression of the pnd gene effects a release of cellular magnesium by a membrane alterations, resulting in the stable RNA degradation at a higher temperature.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Progression and selection in heterogeneous tumor composed of androgen-responsive Shionogi carcinoma 115 and its autonomous subline (Chiba subline 2).
Shionogi Carcinoma 115 (SC 115) is an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, and Chiba subline 2 (CS 2) is its androgen-independent subline which differs from SC 115 in cell size, amount of androgen receptors, and karyotype. To shed light on the mechanism of clonal selection of androgen-independent tumors, mixed tumors with SC 115 and CS 2 were prepared, and growth of these tumors was examined in vivo and in vitro. When the mixed tumor was transplanted in mice, CS 2 showed a predominant growth over SC 115. In a culture of mixed tumor cells, however, CS 2 showed no selective growth advantage. The suppressive interaction which occurred in vivo was due neither to transferable substances, nor to some immunological factor(s). It may be, at least partially, attributable to necrosis formation in SC 115, which developed with an increase in the size of the tumor.
Androgens↗