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Biomedical subjects

S Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to S Adachi.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Effects of chromium compounds on the respiratory system. 2. Difference between water-soluble hexavalent and trivalent compounds].

Transference and transformation of chromium compounds, known as occupational carcinogens, in the lung of rats were studied by determining blood chromium levels after a single mist inhalation or an intravenous injection of water-soluble chromic acid (hexavalent) and chromium chloride (trivalent). Conclusion drawn from this study are as follows: Transference of chromium from the lung to the blood stream is ended quickly after the inhalation of chromic acid mist. Alveolar permeability of hexavalent chromic acid is much higher than that of trivalent chromium chloride. The greater part of the transferred chromium in the blood after the inhalation of chromic acid mist is not transformed to any other form; therefore, it seems to be present as the hexavalent form. The hexavalent chromic acid in the blood diffused to the liver, kidneys and the spleen, but the trivalent chromium chloride distributed only in the blood. The hexavalent chromic acid in the blood decreased more slowly than the trivalent chromium chloride. The biological half-time of the chromic acid in the blood was about 60 hours, whereas that of the chromium chloride was only about 2 hours. These results suggest that the water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds may be apparently different from the trivalent chromium compounds in the transference from the lung and following distribution in the body. These differences might be caused by the high permeability through the cell membrane in hexavalent chromium compounds and the high possibility of binding with proteins in trivalent chromium compounds.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

A new hexasaccharide chain isolated from bovine colostrum kappa-casein taken at the time of parturition.

The carbohydrate units linked to caseinoglycopeptide from colostrum taken 30 min after parturition were released as reduced oligosaccharides by alkaline borohydride treatment, and separated into four acidic oligosacchariditols (a hexa- (11.0%), penta- (38.5%), tetra- (35.5%) and a trisacchariditol (15.0%)). Structural studies showed that the hexasacchariditol was a new structure and had the chemical structure: NeuNAc-alpha-2-3-Gal-beta-1-3-[NeuNAc-alpha-2-3-Gal- beta-1-4-GlcNAc-beta-1-6-]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol(GalNAcItol). The other three oligosacchariditols were shown to be NeuNAc-alpha-2-3-Gal-beta-1-3-[Gal-beta-1-4-GlcNAc-beta-1-6-]-GalNAcItol, NeuNAc-alpha-2-3-Gal-beta-1-3-[NeuNAc-alpha-2-6-]-GalNAcItol and NeuNAc-alpha-2-3-Gal-beta-1-3-GalNAcItol, which were identical with those found previously in colostrum kappa-casein taken 6 h after parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

EMG approach to assessing tongue activity using miniature surface electrodes.

Miniature surface electrodes were developed to examine the EMG activity of the tongue during various functions under normal physiological conditions with minimal fear and discomfort to human subjects. An outline of the electrodes, which consist of electrically high-conductive silver paste, small rubber caps, and fine wires, is introduced, and the practicability of their clinical application is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol on hepatic drug metabolism. I. Induction of cytochrome P-448.

Treatment of rats with 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol (mTAN) caused marked increase in liver weight, microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content, with 2 nm hypochromic shift in CO difference spectrum. It decreased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities. Treatment of 3-methylcholanthrene nonresponsive DBA/2 strain of mice with this azo compound resulted in a limited (1.5 fold) induction of cytochrome P-450 compared to 2.5 fold induction in responsive C57BL/6 strain of mice. The major species of liver microsomal P-450 from m-TAN treated rats was purified. This species of P-450 has a Solet peak at 416 nm in the absolute oxidized spectrum, 410 nm in the reduced spectrum and 447 nm in the spectrum of ferrous P-450-CO complex. This species of P-450 is spectrally indistinguishable from cytochrome P-448 induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. As an inducer of cytochrome P-450, m-TAN is similar to 3-methylcholanthrene with its potency equals to or exceeding that of 3-methylcholanthrene. It differs in that it causes marked increase in liver weight and decrease in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol on hepatic drug metabolism. II. Induction of UDP-glucuronyltransferase.

Effect of potent cytochrome P-448 inducer, 1-m-tolueneazo-2-naphthol (m-TAN) on hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl-transferase (UDPGT) activity was studied. The UDPGT activity reached the maximum level on the fifth day after either a single injection or consecutive daily administrations. The UDPGT activities towards p-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol and chloramphenicol were increased up to 6,2.5 and 1.8 folds of control levels respectively, in microsomes from m-TAN treated rats. 3-Methylcholanthrene, on the other hand, caused 4 and 2 fold increase in UDPGT activities towards p-nitrophenol and 1-naphthol, respectively, but did not cause significant increase in UDPGT activity towards chloramphenicol. It is concluded that m-TAN is a new potent inducer of UDPGT activity with its potency exceeding that of 3-methylcholanthrene and the pattern of induction, a little different from that of 3-methylcholanthrene.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The chemical structure of neutral and acidic sugar chains obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein.

One neutral oligosaccharide alditol (tetrasacchariditol, 10%) and three acidic oligosaccharide alditols (a tri (28%), tetra (17%) and a pentasacchariditol (44%) were isolated from, colostrum kappa-casein taken 6 h after parturition. The neutral tetrasacchariditol and the acidic pentasacchariditol only contained a characteristic N-acetylglucosamine, and the latter was the main carbohydrate portion. The chemical structures were analyzed by methylation analysis with gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by anomer analysis with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and were identified to be galactosyl-beta-1-3-[galactosyl-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-6-]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol, N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2-3-galactosyl-beta-1-3-[galactosyl-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-6-]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol, N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2-6-N-acetylgalactosaminitol. The former two were the novel carbohydrate chains of colostrum kappa-casein, but the latter two were identical with those which have been found in normal kappa-casein.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The chemical structure of a tetrasaccharide containing N-acetylglucosamine obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein.

A tetrasaccharide consisting of D-galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosaminitol (1 : 1 : 1: 1) was obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein. It is the main carbohydrate portion of a caseinoglycopeptide formed by alkaline borohydride treatment. The carbohydrate sequence was analyzed by enzymatic and chemical methods and by mass spectrometry, and was shown to be N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-3-galactosyl-beta-1-3[N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2-6- ]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol.

Acetylglucosamine↗