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Biomedical subjects

S Abe

Publications and source records attributed to S Abe.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The Japanese experience with endoscopic ultrasonography in the staging of gastric cancer.

The Japanese experience with endoscopic ultrasonography in the staging of gastric cancer is reviewed and compared with Western results. Various graphic classifications for prediction of the depth of transmural penetration characterize the Japanese approach. Differentiation of early gastric cancers from advanced cancers has been emphasized, with the concordance rate of the ultrasonographic interpretation and the pathology exceeding 90%. When pre-operative staging by the TNM system was attempted, results were similar to the reports from the West, with overall concordance rate for tumor depth of greater than 80%. The Japanese system of classification may be useful in differentiating advanced cancers from early gastric cancers with co-existing ulceration and fibrosis. The reliability of endoscopic ultrasonography in the pre-operative staging of gastric cancer in Japan is similar to that in the West.

Gastroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensorineural hearing loss caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations: special reference to the A1555G mutation.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which are maternally inherited, have been thought to be one of the causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Two mitochondrial mutational sites (A1555G, A7445G) have been reported to be responsible for non-syndromic hearing impairments. The A1555G mutation causes increased susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced hearing loss as well as non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Our wide screening study showed that there may be a great number of subjects within the Japanese population who have the A1555G mutation. Recent reports suggest that high-risk populations may exist throughout the world. The aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss associated with a mitochondrial mutation is commonly bilateral, symmetric, high frequency involved, and is sometimes associated with progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in Japanese pedigrees of sensorineural hearing loss associated with the A1555G mutation.

Thirteen Japanese families (ten of which were from the northern part of Japan), with sensorineural hearing loss associated with the 1555 A to G (A1555G) mitochondrial mutation, a known cause of non-syndromic hearing loss, were phylogenetically analysed using data obtained by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and D-loop sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Various types of mtDNA polymorphism were detected by restriction enzymes and D-loop sequence. No common polymorphic pattern throughout the 13 families was found, though three families exhibited the same restriction patterns and the same sequence substitution in the D-loop. To find where each of the 13 families are situated in the phylogenetic tree, the 482-bp of D-loop sequence were compared with those of 62 normal Japanese subjects. Despite the three families mentioned above appearing to be clustered, the remaining 10 families were scattered along the phylogenetic tree. This indicates that there was no common ancestor for the 13 Japanese families bearing the A1555G mutation except three families, and that the A1555G mutation occurred sporadically and multiplied through evolution of the mtDNA in Japan. The present results showed that the common pathogenicity (hearing loss associated with the A1555G mutation) can occur sporadically in families which have different genetic backgrounds, even in the Japanese population.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The rare red cell phenotype Gerbich negative in Japanese.

Two Japanese propositi with the rare Gerbich -negative (Ge-) phenotype were found by screening serum of donors for antibodies. These are the first two examples of Ge negative in Japanese. Both had the Gerbich type of Ge-negative phenotype (Ge: -1, -2, -3,), showed some depression of Kell system antigens, and had anti-Ge in their sera. The parents of each of the propositi were first cousins, and one of the propositi had two Ge-negative siblings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: high-resolution CT and MR findings.

We report the high-resolution CT (HRCT) and MR findings in a case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. HRCT revealed that the black pleural line on a chest radiograph was caused not by subpleural cysts but by a fat-dense layer between ribs and the calcified parenchyma. MRI showed both lower zones with diffusely increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images. We speculated it was caused by the accumulation of small-sized calcific particles.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intramuscular solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological case study.

We present a case of extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor arising within the muscle, an unusual and hitherto-undescribed tumor lesion. A 42-year-old woman presented a painless mass in her left thigh. The lesion was depicted as an intramuscular mass that enhanced on both CT and MRI, showing quite rich tumor vascularity. The histological features of the tumor were spindle cell proliferation with various histological patterns, typical fibrocollagenous background, and positive immunoreactivity for CD-34.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach correlates with decreased survival.

A retrospective study of 50 patients with scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach who had undergone surgery was performed to elucidate whether immunohistochemical overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) could predict the patients' survival. To evaluate the proliferative activity of the tumor, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index was used. Expression of TGF-beta1 was low in 27 patients and high in 23. Clinicopathological characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups with high and low TGF-beta1 expression. Tumors with higher TGF-beta1 expression had higher PCNA indices (p = 0.0467, unpaired Student's t test). The 5-year survival rate was 40.4% for the low TGF-beta1 group and 28.7% for the high TGF-beta1 group (p = 0.0388, log rank test). By multivariate analysis, pT, residual tumor, and TGF-beta1 were the independent prognostic factors. These results suggest that immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta1 is one of the useful predictors for estimating the patients' survival in scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach particularly of the T3 and T4 stages.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isepamicin sulfate-induced sensorineural hearing loss in patients with the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation.

A mitochondrial mutation at nucleotide 1555 has been reported to be susceptible to aminoglycoside antibiotics as well as one of the causes of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. We herewith report 2 cases bearing the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation who had hearing loss after short-term exposure to the new aminoglycoside antibiotic, isepamicin sulfate. Even when using aminoglycoside antibiotics with milder side effects, careful attention should be paid in applying them to patients with particular genetic backgrounds.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Different clinical characteristics of aminoglycoside-induced profound deafness with and without the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation.

Recent genetic studies have shown that hereditary susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics is caused by the 1555 A-->G mitochondrial mutation. We found the 1555 mutation in 4 out of 68 postlingual deaf patients who were candidates for cochlear implantation. All 4 patients developed bilateral profound hearing loss following administration of aminoglycosides. The pedigree of the family shows exclusively maternal transmission of hearing impairment in each case. On comparison with neuro-otological findings from aminoglycoside-induced deaf patients without the 1555 mutation, four distinct characteristics were noted: (1) a progressive nature of hearing loss; (2) better residual pure-tone thresholds; (3) lower thresholds for electrical promontory stimulation, and (4) well-preserved vestibular function. Although other factors such as differing dosages and/or administration routes may also be involved, profound hearing loss associated with the 1555 mutation may be due to a different pathogenic mechanism, i.e., strial dysfunction rather than a direct insult to the hair cells.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factor VIIShinjo: a dysfunctional factor VII variant homozygous for the substitution Gln for Arg at position 79.

We report a factor VII (FVII) variant, FVIIShinjo, characterized by normal FVII antigen levels and variable procoagulant activity using tissue thromboplastin from different sources. Normal FVII activity is obtained using human placenta thromboplastin but low activity using rabbit or bovine brain thromboplastin. Exons 2-8 and the intron-exon junctions of the FVII genes of the propositus were amplified by PCR from DNA extracted from peripheral white blood cells, and screened by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. DNA fragments showing aberrant mobility were cloned and sequenced. We detected a single-point mutation, a homozygous G to A transition at nucleotide position 6,055 in exon 4, which results in the substitution of Arg 79 by Gln in the first EGF-like domain. This mutation results in a loss of a site for the restriction endonuclease MspI. The Msp I digestion pattern of the PCR-amplified exon 3+4 fragments from each member of the family was determined. The Msp I haplotypes were consistent with this G to A transition being associated with reduced FVII activity as detected using thromboplastins from various species. We conclude that the Arg 79 to Gln substitution in the first EGF-like domain of FVII identified in the propositus is responsible for the inherited FVII abnormality in this Japanese family. We postulate that one of the sites of interaction between FVII and tissue thromboplastin includes Arg 79 in the first EGF-like domain of factor VII.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overexpression of metallothionein correlates with chemoresistance to cisplatin and prognosis in esophageal cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of metallothionein (MT) expression with resistance to cisplatin and to identify prognostic factors in esophageal cancer. Immunostaining for MT was performed on the specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus resected from 68 patients with curative intent. The expression of MT was evaluated in terms of clinicopathologic variables, effect of cisplatin, and the patients' survival. Overexpression of MT in the tumor was found in 70.6% of the patients. Stage III and IV tumors were more common in MT-positive tumors (p = 0.0282) but there was no difference in other clinicopathologic variables between MT-positive and MT-negative groups. Stage, cisplatin therapy, and tumor length were the independent prognostic indicators by multivariate analysis. Among 43 patients treated with cisplatin, the 5-year survival rate was 56% for MT-negative and 26% for MT-positive patients (p = 0.0277). In the MT-negative patients, multivariate analysis revealed that curability, stage, cisplatin therapy, and tumor length were the independent prognostic factors. These findings suggest that MT expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a major determinant of the chemoresistance to cisplatin and may be a predictor of poor prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic significance of the expressions of metallothionein, glutathione-S-transferase-pi, and P-glycoprotein in curatively resected gastric cancer.

Although experimental studies indicate that overexpression of metallothionein (MT), glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), or P-glycoprotein (P-GP) is related to the drug resistance of cancer cells, the clinical significance of the overexpression remains to be elucidated. The expressions of MT, GST-pi, and P-GP wre evaluated immunohistochemically in 74 specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma in T1-3N1-2 stages which were resected with curative intent. Fluorinated pyrimidines, mitomycin C, and Adriamycin were prescribed in 73, 54, and 2 patients, respectively. The staining characteristics were investigated in relation to the clinical results. The cell-proliferative activity was studied with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. Expressions of GST-pi and P-GP correlated with the staining intensity of normal mucosa. Five-year disease-free survival rates (DFSRs) of GST-pi-negative and GST-pi-positive groups were 75.0 and 49.0%. The 5-year DFSRs of P-GP-negative and P-GP-positive groups were 68.2 and 38.6%. Concurrent expression among the three proteins was associated with the survival: 5-year DFSR of no- or one-protein-positive group was 75.0%, while those of 2- and 3-protein-positive groups were 56.0 and 38.9%, respectively. Tumors concurrently expressing 2 or 3 proteins have a high proliferative activity. Expressions of MT, GST-pi, and P-GP by the tumor are associated with a poorer prognosis of the patients.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electromyographic analysis of profound facial nerve paralysis following acoustic neuroma resection.

The aim of our retrospective study was to determine whether electromyographic findings (motor unit action potentials, MUAPs) can be used in long-term prognosis for profound facial nerve paralysis in patients whose nerve continuity is preserved during surgery for acoustic neuroma. The orbicularis oris, frontal, and orbicularis oculi muscles were examined for the occurrence of MUAPs in 48 such patients. In 30 patients who recovered from complete paralysis within 10 months after surgery, MUAPs in the first two muscles tended to precede the first sign of facial movement. MUAPs appeared in the orbicularis muscle in 80% of these patients at 1 month and in all at 5 months. In the frontal and orbicularis oculi muscles, MUAPs occurred in only 0-20% of these patients in the first month; within 3-5 months the number increased rapidly, and MUAPs were present in 95% of these patients at 10 months. In the remaining 18 patients with long-term complete paralysis (at least 1 year), MUAPs appeared solely in the orbicularis oris muscle: in 20% of these patients in the first month after surgery. While this number slowly rose, there was no period of rapid increase later. We conclude that the occurrence of MUAPs in the orbicularis oris and frontal muscles within 3 months of surgery indicates a good prognosis for reversal of facial nerve paralysis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary drug-metabolizing enzyme in alveolar macrophages in relation to cigarette smoking.

We measured the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and the AHH inducibility in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of 56 subjects with and without lung cancer. There were no differences in the AHH inducibility in PBLs whether or not the host had lung cancer, regardless of a smoking history. The AHH activity in AMs in the current smoker group was significantly higher than in the non-smoker group. The AHH activity in AMs in the lung cancer group was higher than that in the non-lung cancer group, and the central-type group was significantly higher than the peripheral-type group. These results suggest that the AHH activity in AMs is associated with the development of lung cancer and a history of cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial metastasis from primary lung cancer: myocardial infarction-like ECG changes and pathologic findings.

Myocardial metastasis from neoplastic disease is often clinically unapparent, and very difficult to diagnose. Of 151 consecutive autopsies of lung cancer patients, cardiac metastases were found in 67 patients (44.4%). Myocardial metastasis was found in only 8 patients (11.9%). ECG of patients with myocardial metastasis revealed ST-T wave changes and various types of arrhythmia. ST-T wave changes were observed in 4 with myocardial metastasis, and in 6 without myocardial metastasis (pericardial metastasis alone). ST-T wave changes is not a specific finding of myocardial metastasis. Two very rare cases with myocardial metastasis showing progressive ST segment elevation with a QS pattern are presented. The appearance of ST segment elevation with a QS pattern in clinically stable lung cancer patients without cardiac symptoms suggestive of myocardial injury indicates the possibility of myocardial metastasis. Myocardial metastasis is often elusive, thus careful observation of ECG changes is of primary importance for the antemortem diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viral behavior of paracrystalline inclusions in osteoclasts of Paget's disease of bone.

Fresh tissues from six patients with Paget's disease of bone were examined ultrastructurally to investigate whether the characteristic paracrystalline inclusions in pagetic osteoclasts revealed viral behavior. These inclusions appeared as microfilamentous aggregates in both nuclei and cytoplasm of the osteoclasts in all six cases. The filamentous elements of the inclusions with a diameter of 11-15 nm showed tubular structures with a central electron-lucent zone measuring 5-7 nm in diameter. Viral budding-like structures containing these inclusions were found at the peripheral cytoplasm or cell processes in the ruffled border of some pagetic osteoclasts in two cases. The inclusions in the budding-like structures were often arrayed in a parallel fashion on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membranes of extruded cytoplasm or cell processes. Virion-like particles were also found in the extracellular spaces of the ruffled border. Marked nuclear degeneration was often seen in pagetic osteoclasts of three cases, although other nuclei in the same osteoclasts appeared normal. The degenerated nuclei showed nuclear ring formation where destroyed nuclear membranes were seen and disappearance of nuclear matrices was noted. Since the modifications were always associated with the accumulation of abundant inclusions, they were probably caused by the inclusions. These findings suggested that the inclusions showed viral behavior in pagetic osteoclasts, and that the nuclear modifications were caused by virus infection.

Crystallization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiac function in elderly patients with dementia].

Evaluation of cardiac function is very important in elderly patients because it is closely related to the prognosis. Appropriate evaluation is especially important to treat and prevent the progression of dementia since its pathology differs greatly depending on type. In the present study, we evaluated the cardiac function of patients with senile dementia using echocardiography. Included in the present study were 11 patients with Binswanger-type dementia (BD), 12 with cerebrovascular dementia (VD) of other types, 16 with senile dementia of Alzheimer-type (SDAT) and 15 controls. Left ventricular function was assessed by Mode M based on left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), left ventricular dimension shortening (FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO). LVDd was significantly larger in the BD group than in the control, and LVDs was also significantly larger in the BD group than in the three other groups. FS was significantly decreased in the BD group compared to the SDAT and controls. FS was also significantly decreased in the VD group compared to the control. EF was significantly decreased in the BD group compared to the three other groups, and it was also significantly decreased in the VD group compared to the controls. There was no significant inter-group difference in SV or CO. FS and EF were found to be decreased in patients with cerebrovascular dementia, especially BD, indicating the presence of latent left ventricular hypofunction in these patients. This finding is important in predicting the prognosis of patients and conducting treatment and prevention.

Aged↗