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Biomedical subjects

S Abe

Publications and source records attributed to S Abe.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Antitumor activity of polysaccharide TC-13 extracted from rare actinomycetes.

The antitumor activities of mycelia and a hot-water extract of mycelia of rare actinomycetes were examined by three different antitumor assays in ddY mice with Ehrlich solid tumor. A new antitumor polysaccharide, TC-13, was prepared from the hot-water extract of Microellobosporia grisea by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chlorideborate complex and gel filtration. TC-13 was mainly composed of glucose and mannose with peptideglycan. Its molecular weight was determined to be 2-30 X 10(4) by gel filtration. Comparative studies suggested that the antitumor activity of TC-13 was equal to, or stronger than those of other antitumor agents (e.g., lentinan, PS-K, OK432 and yeast mannan). Screening methods for antitumor activity of actinomycetes were also discussed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1983

Immunotherapy of murine tumor with syngeneic antitumor serum plus BCG.

Murine tumor suppression was observed on combination therapy with antitumor serum and BCG at a low dose. However, no tumor suppression was observed with a relatively high dose of 400 micrograms BCG. Macrophages from mice given a high dose of BCG showed low cytolytic activity but high phagocytic activity in vitro. In BCG- sensitized mice, BCG was effective on early ascitic tumors. Moreover, combination therapy with antitumor serum and BCG was effective on tumors at an advanced stage. These results suggest that in combination, antiserum and BCG have synergistic therapeutic effects on tumors of BCG-sensitized and nonsensitized hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Glucocorticoids alter the ratio of type III type I collagen synthesis by mouse dermal fibroblasts.

The type of collagen synthesized by primary cultures of dermal fibroblasts from two different strains of mice (A/J and C57BL6/J) was investigated. Confluent cultures were grown for four days with or without 10(-6) and 10(-7) M corticosterone or 10(-6) M dexamethasone. Glucocorticoid treatment results in a lower type III/type I procollagen ratio in both strains. While the amount of type I procollagen remains unchanged, type III is reduced to about 25 per cent of control values in the cells from both mouse strains. Thus, glucocorticoids can modulate the types of collagen synthesized by cultured cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chromate lung cancer with special reference to its cell type and relation to the manufacturing process.

The manufacturing process of the chromate industry can be classified into five steps. The main hazardous pollutants of the first step are trivalent chromate compounds, and those of the second and third steps are hexavalent chromate compounds. Analysis of the detailed working history of chromate workers with bronchogenic carcinoma, yielded the following results: the work history of chromatic lung cancer patients in the first step, which produced mainly trivalent chromate dust, was rather short. Patients with small cell carcinoma were engaged mainly in the second step (98.1% of the total working months), where they were heavily exposed to hexavalent chromate dusts. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma were engaged rather evenly in the second and fourth steps, and somewhat longer in the third step. Comparisons of the exposure periods revealed that the working history of small cell carcinoma patients was significantly shorter than that of squamous cell carcinoma patients. There were many more heavy smokers among the squamous cell carcinoma group as compared to the small cell carcinoma patients. Based on these results, it is concluded that the cell type of occupational lung cancer was mainly small cell carcinoma when the exposure to carcinogenic agents was heavy, and that the carcinogenicity of chromate was derived mainly from hexavalent chromate rather than trivalent compounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on regional blood flow of the mouse using whole-body autoradiography of 14C-iodoantipyrine.

In order to visualize regional blood flow in various tissues of the mouse at the same time, the distribution of radioactive carbon from 14C-iodoantipyrine was studied by whole-body autoradiography. The mice were frozen with Dry-Ice-hexane at 1, 10, 30 min, and 1 h and 3 h after intravenous injection of 14C-iodoantipyrine. Whole-sagittal sections of the frozen mouse, obtained by using a cryostat microtome, were dried in a cryostat and subjected to autoradiograhy. The resulting dry autoradiographs are called untreated autoradiographs in the present work. The sections were then fixed in cold 6% (w/v) HClO4, dried at room temperature and again subjected to autoradiography. Autoradiographs thus obtained are referred to as treated autoradiographs. It was found that the method could be suitable for the estimation of regional blood flow of the renal cortex, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, thymus, testes, and brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. L. Cytogenetics of leukemias complicating other diseases.

Complicating (secondary) leukemias in 20 patients, 18 of whom had various forms of neoplasia treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation, have been examined in regard to the karyotypic findings present in the leukemic cells of the marrow. In addition, the published cases of complicating leukemia have been tabulated. Based on the results of the present study and those in the literature it appears that chromosomes #3 and #17 should be stressed as being nonrandomly involved in complicating leukemia in addition to the previously stressed chromosomes #5 and #7. The results of the present study are discussed in relation to those reported in the literature, and stress put on the significance of cytogenetic changes in relation to possible causative factors of the complicating leukemia. The hypothesis is advanced that these nonrandom chromosome changes may reflect causative specificity of the complicating leukemia and that a concerted effort must be made to obtain more cogent information on the role of noxious agents in the causation of complicating leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Modulation of type I and type III collagen production in normal and mutant human skin fibroblasts by cell density, prostaglandin E2 and epidermal growth factor.

Previously, we found that, at high cell density, human skin fibroblasts produce a higher proportion of type III to type I collagen. Treatment of sparse cultures with prostaglandin E2 also increases this ratio, while treatment of dense cultures with epidermal growth factor reduces it. Similar changes were observed using some strains of fibroblasts from patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV and osteogenesis imperfecta. Studies on the extent of intracellular degradation suggest that the changes observed could be caused in part by changes in the breakdown of collagen inside the cell with preferential loss of type I collagen and/or changes in synthesis of the two proteins.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1982

Observations with endocardial electrography on ventricular tachycardia by intracoronary saline in dogs.

Selective injection of 1.5 ml of 10% saline into the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was carried out during sinus rhythm twice in each of 15 mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and multiple endocardial recordings including His bundle electrogram (HBE) were made. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) was elicited in all of the 15 dogs both in the first and second injections. The cycle length of sinus rhythm before injection was 468 +/- 88 msec (mean +/- S.D.). The coupling interval between the last depolarization of the left ventricle (LV) of sinus origin and the first premature LV depolarization of the VT was 395 +/- 57 msec. Coupling interval between the first and the second LV depolarizations was 348 +/- 78 msec. Significant difference was noted between any pair of these values (p less than 0.01). No bundle branch re-entry in the beginning of VT was observed. The site of origin of the VT was referred to the LV in 13 dogs. Rapid pacing during paroxysm of VT applied at the apex of the LV made no marked influence upon VT after pacing. The calcium channel blocker, diltiazem failed to block the production of VT. The Mechanism for genesis of this VT may not be re-entry but rather enhanced automaticity independent of the calcium inward current.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Combination antitumor therapy with lentinan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide against murine tumors.

The antitumor effects of lentinan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. Combined treatment with lentinan and LPS was very effective against Ehrlich carcinoma in ddY mice, and the syngeneic mammary carcinoma MM46 in C3H/He mice. Studies on the effective doses and times of administration showed that a single injection of lentinan plus LPS 12 days after subcutaneous inoculation of these tumors caused complete regression in 60 approximately 90% of the animals; complete regression of MM46 carcinoma was seen in 83% of the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative studies on immunological properties of antitumor polysaccharide TC-13.

The biological and immunological characteristics of TC-13, an antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide, were studied. TC-13 had no direct cytocidal effect on Ehrlich carcinoma, but it induced antitumor resistance in mice whose tumors were regressed by TC-13. TC-13 changed the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins of mice after its ip administration, causing a slow increase of the LB component and a rapid increase of the X component. TC-13 augmented the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to tumor homogenate, anti-SRBC antibody formation and the cytocidal activity of macrophages in an antibody-dependent system, but it had little or no effect on blast formation of spleen lymphocytes or carbon clearance. These results and comparative studies with other immunomodulators suggest that TC-13 is a unique polysaccharide having properties intermediate between those of lentinan, a simple-structured homologous polysaccharide from basidiomycetes, and lipopolysaccharide, a cell-surface component from bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Computed tomography in developmental anomalies of craniocervical junction].

We reviewed 27 patients with developmental anomalies in craniovertebral junction, and special attention was paid to computed tomography (CT) findings in congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), basilar invagination and Chiari malformations. In ADD, CT clearly demonstrated the relationships of the atlas to the axis in axial plane. Four major types were distinguished; anteroposterior (6 cases), transverse (0 case), anteroposterior-transverse (4 cases) and rotatory (5 cases) dislocations. It was feasible by CT to analyse the pathomechanics in each individual with AAD. Soft tissue wad was shown on the posterior aspect of the odontoid in 7 out of 15 patients with AAD. Those two features, pathomechanics of AAD and intraspinal soft tissue wad, were felt to be important for patient's symptomatology. Basilar invagination presented in no patient as a single deformity and was always associated with other bony and neural abnormalities in 14 patients. Basilar invagination might be suggested of its existence in such a case as CT showing; (1) the odontoid at or above the level of the foramen magnum, (2) distinctive margin of the foramen magnum above the bottom of the posterior fossa, and (3) the posterior arch of the atlas at the same level as foramen magnum. Nevertheless, it is essential to confirm occipital hypoplasia by using either reformatting CT images in coronal and sagittal plane or conventional tomography; whereas high resolutional CT machine provides new dimension for demonstration of bony details. In Chiari malformations, plain CT scanned by high resolutional machine often makes it possible to delineate caudal migration of the cerebellar tonsils, so that it may be a choice of examination as a screening of the anomaly. In addition, metrizamide CT clearly demonstrated caudal migration both of cerebellar tonsils and medulla oblongata. Therefore, CT apparently exceeds other diagnostic modalities in evaluating this anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Antitumor effect of polysaccharide TC-13 on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice.

The antitumor activity of TC-13, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from a rare actinomycetes was tested on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice. In the allogeneic Ehrlich carcinoma system, TC-13 showed antitumor activity over a broad optimal dose range, when administered by various routes such as ip, iv, sc, it (intratumorally) or po, even when given before tumor inoculation. TC-13 showed synergistic antitumor effects in combination with other immunomodulators, e.g., lipopolysaccharide, lentinan and picibanil. It showed antitumor activity against syngeneic tumors, MM46 mammary carcinoma and MCS-8 and Meth A fibrosarcoma.

Animals↗