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Biomedical subjects

S Abe

Publications and source records attributed to S Abe.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies to human lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) was applied to sera from patients with lung diseases. We examined whether SP-A appears in the sera of patients with diseases that are known to cause alterations in surfactant composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and we characterized the SP-A that was found. The level of SP-A in sera from 57 healthy volunteers was 45 +/- 3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). The levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (205 +/- 23 ng/ml, n = 32) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) (285 +/- 23 ng/ml, n = 6) were significantly higher than those in healthy control subjects (p < 0.01), whereas those of sarcoidosis (n = 16), pneumonia (n = 14), and tuberculosis (n = 14) were 52 +/- 27 ng/ml, 65 +/- 11 ng/ml, and 49 +/- 23 ng/ml, respectively. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that the fraction isolated from serum of a patient with PAP or IPF by anti-SP-A immunoaffinity column chromatography consisted chiefly of human IgG and IgM, and that it also contained SP-A. Furthermore, IgG was found in preparation of purified human SP-A. SP-A was demonstrated to bind to nonimmune IgG coated onto microtiter wells. Gel filtration analysis revealed that serum SP-A was eluted at fractions of larger molecular size than was the purified SP-A. These findings suggest that SP-A appears in the bloodstream as a complex with immunoglobulin in IPF and in PAP.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Elevated concentrations of circulating ICAM-1 in far advanced and miliary tuberculosis.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Cellular expression and shedding of ICAM-1 are up-regulated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). With an ELISA containing two monoclonal antibodies to human ICAM-1, we measured concentrations of circulating ICAM-1 in patients with tuberculosis. Prominently elevated values were found in miliary tuberculosis and in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis but not in minimal or moderately advanced disease. The measurement of serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha also revealed high concentrations of the cytokines in miliary tuberculosis and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The circulating ICAM-1 values were significantly correlated to serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha values. In the case of miliary tuberculosis and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis treated with antituberculous drugs, the circulating ICAM-1 concentrations were gradually decreased to correspond with improvement of clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings. The measurement of circulating ICAM-1 is useful to evaluate the severity of tuberculosis and to monitor disease activity during antituberculous drug treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Antitumor activity of Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 preparation against murine syngeneic tumors].

The antitumor activity of a preparation of heat-killed cells of Enterococcus faecalis, FK-23. Intraperitoneal injection of the preparation prolonged the lifespan of C3H/He N mice which were intraperitoneally inoculated with MM46 mammary carcinoma. Not only intraperitoneal but also oral administration of the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of these carcinomas inoculated intradermally. The tumor-bearing mice produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in their sera 2 h after intravenous injection of OK432. This TNF level increased after the mice were fed with food supplemented with the FK-23 preparation. Additionally, the FK-23 preparation inhibited the growth of Meth A fibrosarcoma in cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of adenosine and treadmill exercise thallium-201 stress tests for the detection of coronary artery disease.

To determine the clinical usefulness of adenosine Tl-201 imaging for the evaluation of coronary artery disease, 22 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent adenosine and exercise Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were studied. The peak levels of heart rate (83 vs 123 bpm, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (124 vs 164 mmHg, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (70 vs 86 mmHg, p < 0.01) and rate pressure products (10220 vs 20410 bpm x mmHg, p < 0.001) were markedly smaller during adenosine infusion than during exercise. Segmental agreements between adenosine and exercise tests were 90% (218 of 242 segments) regarding the presence of perfusion defects and 89% (215 of 242 segments) regarding the presence of redistribution. Regional Tl-201 uptake (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) and the extent (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and intensity (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) of Tl-201 defects during adenosine testing were closely correlated with those of exercise testing. Adenosine and exercise tests showed similar sensitivities for the identification of individual coronary stenosis (85% vs 78%). However, in patients who were unable to perform adequate exercise (maximal heart rate < 120 bpm), the sensitivity of adenosine imaging tended to be higher than that of exercise imaging (92% vs 69%, p = 0.07). Adenosine Tl-201 imaging is an alternative to the exercise test for assessing the severity and loci of coronary artery disease, especially in patients who are unable to perform adequate physical exercise.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1993

Ratio of lung to heart thallium-201 uptake on exercise and dipyridamole stress imaging in coronary artery disease--implication of SPECT.

To examine whether measurements of lung thallium-201 (Tl-201) uptake with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) following exercise or dipyridamole infusion provide complementary information as reported in planar imaging, we examined 140 patients undergoing exercise or dipyridamole Tl-201 SPECT and coronary arteriography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). On the reconstructed coronal tomographic image, regions of interest were placed over the left upper lung field and the left ventricular myocardium. Lung to heart ratio (L/H ratio) was calculated as a fraction of average Tl-201 counts per pixel in the lung divided by those in the myocardium. An L/H ratio of larger than a value of mean +2 standard deviation, derived from patients without significant coronary stenosis, was considered as abnormal. The patients with abnormal L/H ratio on exercise Tl-201 SPECT had larger extent and severity scores of Tl-201 defects on the initial image, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher end-diastolic pressure and higher incidence of multi-vessel CAD than those with the normal ratio. However, in dipyridamole studies, abnormal L/H ratio did not relate to scintigraphic or hemodynamic severity. These data confirmed that increased lung Tl-201 uptake after exercise suggested the presence of extensive CAD or left ventricular dysfunction. However, L/H ratio might be less useful in dipyridamole studies. Thus, quantitative measurements of L/H ratio with exercise but not dipyridamole SPECT could provide additional information related to the involved cardiac pump performance in CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human alveolar macrophages is decreased in smokers.

It is known that smoking affects the development and maintenance of certain types of granulomatous lung diseases. To explore this mechanism(s), we measured tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations in the culture supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AMs) in 13 healthy nonsmokers, 13 healthy smokers, 13 nonsmoking sarcoid patients, and 16 smoking sarcoid patients. We found that the capacity of smokers' AMs to release TNF-alpha was significantly decreased both in the normal and sarcoid groups. We also confirmed the previous observation that there was an exaggerated TNF release in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. These results indicate a significant role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary sarcoidosis and suggest the possible involvement of TNF in the mechanisms by which smoking modulates local immune phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A secondary amyloidosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Secondary amyloidosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus has rarely been reported. A 57-year-old female had been diagnosed as having possible systemic lupus erythematosus, although her clinical course was not typical. About one year after the diagnosis, treatment was begun with prednisolone because of progressive renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia and low serum levels of complements. Recurrent diarrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding soon developed, then amyloidosis was revealed in the stomach and duodenum. Postmortem examination confirmed systemic amyloidosis. We discuss the significance of this rare association of systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1993

Squamous cell carcinoma showing lobar consolidation without collapse.

Most squamous cell carcinoma of the lung arises in the large bronchi and causes bronchial obstruction. We report a 74-year-old man with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung whose roentgenogram revealed a lobar consolidation without collapse. A postmortem examination showed that the tumor cells filled the alveolar spaces completely without destroying the original architecture of the lung. The finding that tumor cells replacing alveolar epithelium, as in bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, was not seen throughout the lung. Airway obstruction by the tumor was not observed at any bronchus. These pathological findings seemed to explain the radiological findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Abnormality of bone mineral metabolism in elderly female patients with dementia].

In order to clarify the relationship between dementia and osteoporosis, bone mineral metabolism was studied in elderly female patients with dementia. We measured bone mineral densities of the vertebral body and the femoral neck using DEXA, and evaluated Ca-related factors in 22 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 23 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 22 age-matched controls (C). Activity of daily living was significantly poorer in VD patients than controls, but no difference was shown between DAT and C groups. Bone mineral density values of the vertebral body and the femoral neck were significantly decreased in both DAT and VD groups when compared to C group. DAT patients showed significant decreases in serum Ca and Ca2+ ion, increase in serum parathyroid hormone, and decrease in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, a tendency towards decrease in serum calcitonin, and a tendency towards increase in urinary Ca. However, VD patients showed only significant increase in urinary Ca and a tendency towards decrease in serum 1,2-dihydroxyvitamin D, without showing other changes of Ca-regulating hormones. These results suggest that patients with dementia are more often associated with osteoporosis, and that in DAT several abnormalities of Ca-regulating factors play an important role in the development of osteoporosis, while in VD limited physical activities contribute to bone mineral loss.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in Japan.

One hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in Japan had antibody titers to Coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High prevalences were observed in Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus) (78%), Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), Japanese hares (Lepus brachyurus) (63%), Japanese deer (Cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) (28%). A low prevalence (13%) was observed in nutrias (Myocastor coypus). Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus), wild rats (Muroides sp.), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), wild pigs (Sus scrofa leucomystax), and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) had no detectable antibodies to C. burnetii. Thus, six of 11 wild animal species in Japan were exposed to C. burnetii. Based on the high prevalences in some species, they may be a potential source of infection to both domestic animal and human populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced proliferative potential in culture of cells from p53-deficient mice.

Normal somatic cells are endowed with limited doubling potential in culture, and the process of immortalization is an inevitable step in neoplastic transformation of the cells. To examine the roles of p53 in this process, the cells of p53-deficient mice were examined for doubling potential. Fibroblast-like cells from a variety of tissues of these mice proliferated continuously without showing aging or crisis. The aneuploid cells overcome the population with passage, but cloning experiment indicated that chromosomal changes were not essential to this process. The enhanced proliferative potential in culture of cells from the p53-deficient mice was also observed in epithelial cells of lens, mammary glands and seminal vesicles and in neural precursor cells. Proliferation of bone marrow cells in response to stem cell factor was enhanced in long term culture, but not in in vitro colony assay; no permanent cell lines could be obtained. No effects of p53-deficiency were found in proliferation of cardiac muscle cells or hepatocytes.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1993

[Coronary flow dynamics in the right coronary artery providing collateral circulation: comparison before and after successful angioplasty with a Doppler catheter].

Coronary blood flow dynamics were investigated in 9 patients with isolated coronary artery disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with good collateral flow (grade 2 or 3 of Rentrop's classification) from the right coronary artery (RCA) and 20 patients with normal coronary arteries as controls. The coronary flow velocity (Vs: systolic peak, Vd: diastolic peak, Vm: mean) was measured with a Doppler catheter and the diameter (D) by the edge detection method in the proximal portion of the RCA. Vs/Vd was calculated. The areas under the velocity curve during systole (integral of s) and diastole (integral of d) were measured to obtain the ratio (integral of s/integral of d). Peak to resting velocity ratio (PRVR) was obtained as an index of coronary flow reserve, using intracoronary injections of 6 ml contrast medium or 8-12 mg papaverine. These parameters before percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), after PTCA, and in control subjects were compared. The collaterals disappeared angiographically immediately after successful PTCA. D (before PTCA: 3.2 +/- 0.1 mm, after PTCA: 3.3 +/- 0.1 mm, controls: 3.2 +/- 0.1 mm) and Vs did not vary between before and after PTCA and in control subjects (NS). The values of Vd, Vm decreased and Vs/Vd and integral of s/integral of d increased after PTCA to the values in the controls. PRVR obtained with contrast medium and papaverine also increased.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Serial changes in hemostatic and fibrinolytic states induced by coronary thrombolytic therapy].

The effects of coronary thrombolytic therapy with urokinase on the intrinsic hemostatic and fibrinolytic states were investigated by determining several markers for hemostatic and fibrinolytic activities in 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent coronary thrombolysis with urokinase. The markers for hemostasis and fibrinolysis were: markers for plasmin generation [alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI), plasminogen, plasmin alpha 2-PI complex (PIC)]; markers for fibrinolysis [fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products-E fragment (FDP-E), FDP D-D dimer (D dimer), fibrinogen]; markers for hemostatic activity (prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin III (AT-III), protein C); markers for thrombin generation [thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT)]; markers for intrinsic fibrinolytic activity [tissue plasminogen activator plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (TPA PAI complex)]. These markers were measured before, at 1 to 2 hours intervals during first 6 hours, daily during the next 3 days, and subsequently on the 7th and the 14th day after urokinase therapy. Fibrinolysis (determined by increased D dimer) occurred only when alpha 2-PI became unmeasurable with 96 x 10(4) or more units of urokinase administration, then persisted for more than 2 hours. TAT increased from 13.1 +/- 15.4 to 70.8 +/- 65.8 ng/ml soon after fibrinolysis occurred, indicating that thrombin generation occurred at the same time as fibrinolysis. The TPA PAI complex level before urokinase administration (26.4 +/- 6.4 ng/ml) was greater than the normal upper limit, indicating increased intrinsic fibrinolytic activity, then decreased after urokinase administration. These findings suggested that urokinase administration might affect the intrinsic fibrinolytic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Investigations of the run and the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle in Japanese.

Studies of the run and the attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle were made on 79 samples from 41 cadavers in the collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Tokyo Dental College. Origin shapes were classified into 3 types: type I, in which there is a clear boundary between the muscle venter adhesion for the upper muscle venter and the lower muscle venter; type II, where the boundary between them is unclear; and type III, where the difference between the two cannot be distinguished at all. When this classification was applied to the specimens, all 21 of the 1-venter specimens fell into type III; 37 (69.8%) of the 2-venter specimens fell into type I; 10 (18.9%) of the 2-venter specimens fell into type II, and 6 (11.3%) of the 2-venter specimens fell into type III. All 5 of the 3-venter specimens were type II. From the results of this studies, we saw that, regardless of which investigation method was employed, the number of venter runs and the origin configuration did not correlate at all.

Asian People↗
PubMed1993

[A case of tuberculosis of the thyroid gland].

A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our university hospital for examination of a neck mass. Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed a nodule in her thyroid gland and a swollen cervical lymph node. They were removed surgically; a subsequent histological study revealed an epithelioid cell granuloma. A diagnosis of localized tuberculosis of the thyroid gland and a cervical lymph node was thus confirmed. The data of the present case were discussed with reference to the characteristics of thyroid tuberculosis described in the literature.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical features of measles pneumonia in adults: usefulness of computed tomography].

The clinical features, chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images were evaluated in 11 cases with serologically proved adult measles complicated with pneumonia (10 were previously healthy and one had sarcoidosis). Pneumonia appeared during the rash period in all cases. Respiratory symptoms were cough (9/11), dyspnea (3/11), and hypoxemia (10/11). Pneumonia manifestations were detected in only 4 cases by chest radiograph; on the other hand, they were seen in all cases by CT scan and consisted of ground-glass opacities (73%), nodular opacities (64%) and consolidation (27%). CT seems to be a useful method to detect measles pneumonia if it is suspected. Measles pneumonia in previously healthy patients had a good prognosis, as the hypoxemia disappeared within 6 days in all cases. The sarcoidosis patient showed prolonged pneumonic shadows and period of hypoxemia. Measles pneumonia occurring in a host with cellular immunodeficiency may have a severe clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prospective dose-escalation study in stereotactic radiotherapy utilizing a linear accelerator: report from East Hokkaido Radiosurgery Study Group (EHRSSG)].

Stereotactic radiotherapy utilizing a linear accelerator has been investigated. (1) Radiosurgery, (2) fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, and (3) fractionated radiotherapy followed by stereotactic boost have been performed according to pathology, size, and prognosis of diseases. Accuracy in localization of the treatment center was within one millimeter using a CT simulator. From July, 1990 to December 1992, 69 lesions in 63 patients have been treated using the stereotactic radiotherapy according to prospective dose-escalation design. Five patients have experienced transient worsening of nerve palsy or headache, but these complications were self-limited. No late radiation damage was observed over a mean follow-up period of 12.5 months. Encouraging improvements were obtained in patients with metastasis, AVM, and acoustic neurinoma although the follow-up period was too short to be conclusive. Stereotactic radiotherapy utilizing a linear accelerator is thus suggested as a safe and effective approach providing that dose-volume-time relationship is well controlled.

Adolescent↗