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Biomedical subjects

S Abe

Publications and source records attributed to S Abe.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Integrins involved in tumor invasion and metastasis].

The process of tumor growth and metastasis is a complex cascade of events relating many factors. The adhesion molecules relate to the cell-cell adhesion, adhesion to the extracellular matrix or the vascular endothelium and are thought to play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of the cancer. Integrins are known as extracellular matrix receptors. The change in the expression of integrins in the cancer cells has been reported. Recent information on the role of integrins in tumor progression and metastasis is reviewed here.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Integrin expression and ability to adhere to extracellular matrix and endothelial cells in human lung cancers].

Tumor cell interaction with extracellular matrix and endothelial cells constitute the most crucial factor of metastasis. Integrins are one of adhesion molecules which mediate the interaction. Most lung cancers adhered strongly to extracellular matrix corresponding with expression of integrins. Three lung cancers which expressed few or no integrins had very weak ability to adhere to extracellular matrix. Strong binding to endothelial cells was found in most lines but the three lung cancers had very little ability to adhere to endothelial cells. Binding to endothelial cells were strongly inhibited by antibodies to beta-1 subunit. Lung cancers may adhere to extracellular matrix and endothelial cells through integrins, especially the beta-1 subfamily.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1995

[A case of malignant lymphoma arising from chronic pyothorax; usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis].

A 79-year-old man had a history of pneumothorax induced to treat pulmonary tuberculosis when he was 40 years old, and of chronic pyothorax when he was 60 years old. He was admitted to our hospital because of chest pain and swelling of the right lateral chest wall. Soft tissues of the chest wall and rib had been destroyed, and a fistula had formed at the skin. The diagnosis was confirmed by examination of a biopsy specimen from the chest wall tumor. The tumor was successfully treated by radiation therapy. 67Ga scintigraphy, CT, and MRI were useful for diagnosis and follow up. Pyothorax and the tumor could be distinguished only with MRI.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Sudden sound-induced death in magnesium-deficient rats after repetitive episodes of seizures result from brain dysfunction.

To clarify the changes occurring in EEG and ECG from seizure induction to sudden death, 25 weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a severely Mg-deficient diet for 18 days. In nine of 25 Mg-deficient rats, both EEG and ECG were recorded from the beginning of seizures induction until sudden death. When flattening of EEG became after seizure occurrence, all nine Mg-deficient rats did not recover and death occurred within a few minutes. These results may support the idea that sudden death in Mg-deficient rats resulted from brain dysfunction after repetitive episodes of noise-induced seizures and not from simple apnoea due to tonic contraction of respiratory muscle.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of fog on diurnal changes in peak expiratory flow rates in an asthmatic].

To evaluate the effects of fog on asthmatics, we analyzed the symptoms of a 45-year-old female during the foggy season and the relation between diurnal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and fog and other meteorological factors. Her asthma attacks had been induced by specific smells: perfume, smoke from burning grass or industrial smoke. Two years previously, she had moved to the suburbs of Sapporo, where fog frequently occurs. From that time her asthmatic symptoms had been exacerbated, so it was suspected that the fog might have had some influence. We analyzed 251 measures of PEFR from June to August 1994. The average and standard deviation of PEFR in the absence of fog and specific smells was 403 +/- 40 L/min (n = 195). PEFR was significantly lower (p < 0.01) when it was foggy (347 +/- 60 L/min; n = 40), when specific smells were present (333 +/- 60 L/min; n = 5) and when there were both fog and specific smells (340 +/- 53 L/min: n = 11). On the other hand, there were no changes associated with other meteorological factors: barometric pressures, relative humidity, mean temperature, minimal temperature and most frequent wind direction. These results suggested that the inhalation of fog decreases PEFR and is an exacerbating factor in bronchial asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1995

[Retinochoroidal circulatory disturbances and blood component abnormalities].

The recent analysis of blood components has revealed that retinochoroidal circulation may be disturbed in patients with abnormalities of blood components. These blood abnormalities include iron deficiency anemia with or without thrombocytosis, dysplasminogenia, von Willebrand's disease, protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, and abnormal platelet function. The ophthalmoscopic findings in these disorders include retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, choroidal circulatory disturbance, and vitreoretinal hemorrhage. The incidence of blood component abnormalities is high in young patients who rarely have systemic hypertension or arterial sclerosis. We review these blood disorders and emphasize the importance of blood analysis in the patients with retinochoroidal circulatory disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Radiological and pathological analysis of the distribution of centrilobular emphysema in the transverse plane of the lung].

The distribution of centrilobular emphysematous lesions in the transverse plane was studied with high-resolution CT (HRCT) images of inflated and fixed lungs obtained from 49 patients with centrilobular emphysema (CLE). The transaxial distribution of low attenuation areas (LAA) was assessed quantitatively on HRCT images obtained from 21 patients. LAA in the outer layer accounted for a significantly lower ratio of the lung parenchyma than did those in the inner layer. Macroscopic analysis of 31 lobes obtained from 28 patients with CLE was done by point counting. The inner layer had many more LAA than the outer layer. Bronchiolar lesions were examined under the microscope for their relation to the observed variations in distribution in CLE. No significant differences were found in the bronchiolar lesions between the inner and outer layers. These data show a characteristic distribution pattern of CLE in the transverse plane. They also suggest that the disparity in distribution of LAA between the inner and outer layers is not influenced by the grade of bronchiolar pathological lesions.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Late phase II trial of RP56976 (Docetaxel) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer].

A late phase II trial on RP 56976 (Docetaxel) was carried out against stage IIIB or IV non-resectable non-small cell lung cancer as a multicenter cooperative trial. Of 78 enrolled patients, seventy five patients were eligible and 71 were evaluable for the response. The overall response rate was 19.7% (14/71): 27.9% (12/48) of patients with adenocarcinoma and 10.0% (2/20) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma responded to docetaxel. The response rate was 15.0% (3/20) in patients with stage III B disease and 21.6% (11/51) in patients with stage IV disease. Leukopenia (neutropenia) occurred frequently, but most tended to recover in a short period of time. Other adverse reactions included nausea/vomiting, anorexia, general malaise, alopecia, all of which were not severe. Severe hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 2 patients (2.7%). The results seemed to show usefulness of docetaxel for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Improvement of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma after smoking cessation in two patients].

We encountered two cases in which pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma improved after cessation of smoking. The patient in case 1 was a 39-year-old woman. She smoked 10-15 cigarettes a day for 20 years. The patient in case 2 was a 19-year-old man. He smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for 5 years. CT revealed cystic lesions and small nodular lesions predominantly in the upper and middle lung fields. Diagnosis was made by thoracoscopic lung biopsy in case 1 and by transbronchial lung biopsy in case 2. After smoking cessation, symptoms, CT findings, and vital capacity of both patients improved remarkably. Smoking cessation may have been related to the improvement in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical significance of levels of lung surfactant protein A in serum, in various lung diseases].

To assess the utility of measuring lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) in serum, a newly developed SP-A kit (Teijin TDR-30) was used at four facilities to measure serum SP-A levels in patients with various lung diseases. Serum SP-A levels in healthy volunteers were 24.6 +/- 9.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). serum SP-A levels did not differ significantly between different age groups (thirties through seventies). A cut-off level of 43.8 ng/ml was calculated, based on the values of the healthy volunteers. The serum SP-A levels in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP: 67.9 +/- 42.5 ng/ml), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP: 7.0 +/- 45.7 ng/ml), and collagen disease with interstitial pneumonia (CDIP: 55.3 +/- 37.9 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers. When calculated with the cut-off value stated above, the positive rate of diagnosis for IIP was 71.4%. SP-A levels correlated closely with the clinical course; SP-A levels rose significantly during exacerbations of IIP. Measurement of SP-A in serum is useful for the diagnosis of IIP, PAP, and CDIP, and for monitoring exacerbations of IIP.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Sarcoidosis with pulmonary cavitation and calcification].

A 38-year-old man was seen at another hospital because of bilateral reticulo-nodular shadows on a chest X-ray film at the time of a regular health check-up. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with antituberculous chemotherapy. The shadow did not improve, and the patient was transferred to our hospital. Bacteriological studies for pyogenic bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi were all negative. Serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme were abnormally high. Examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed noncaseating epithelioid-cell granuloma associated with severe hyalinization. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed. Chest CT showed multiple nodular opacities, some of which were calcified. Oral steroids were given because the lesion was progressing rapidly. Cavitary lesions appeared during tapering of steroid therapy. Bacteriological and fungal studies were negative and transbronchial lung biopsy showed noncaseating epithelioid-cell granuloma. Therefore, the cavitation within the granuloma with hyalinization may have developed because of steroid therapy, and the calcification may have been caused by postorganizing dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Molecular genetic analysis of intravascular malignant lymphomatosis cells].

In this study, we examined the VDJ region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis (IML). The VDJ regions were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with consensus primers of the V and J regions of the IgH gene. Specimens from all the IML cases produced a monoclonal band. Specimens from metastatic carcinomas, brain tumors and normal tissues produced no monoclonal amplification. By cloning and sequencing the amplified VDJ regions, we have determined nucleotide sequences of rearranged regions of the IgH genes. In addition, we also examined tumor suppressor genes. The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis revealed no abnormal migration in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene, exon 2 of the p16 gene and exon 2 of the p21 gene. These findings suggested that mutation of p53, p16 and p21 genes is rarely related with the tumorigenesis of IML. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was also analyzed using PCR. EBV DNA was detected in one of five IML specimens. This result indicates that IML may be associated with EBV.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Differences of neuroimaging between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer-type dementia].

Several studies have shown that the symptomatology and the neuropathological and neurochemical changes of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EAD) differ from those of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LAD). The aim of the present study is to examine differences in SPECT and MRI findings between EAD and LAD. Cerebral blood flow and patterns on SPECT, and deep white matter lesions and cerebral atrophy on MRI in 17 patients with EAD were compared with 30 patients with LAD without cerebrovascular risk factors. Temporoparietal activity ratio, divided by cerebellum, on SPECT imaging in patients with EAD was significantly lower than in patients with LAD. In a qualitative assessment of perfusion patterns, bilateral temporoparietal hypoperfusion, which is typical in AD, was seen more frequently in patients with EAD than in those with LAD. Among white matter changes in MRI, the score of white matter hyperintensity was significantly higher in LAD than in EAD patients. However, there was no significant difference between periventricular hyperintensity scores. Though ventricular enlargement did not differ significantly in EAD and LAD, cortical atrophy scores in LAD were significantly higher than in EAD. Cortical atrophy scores were significantly higher in patients with atypical perfusion patterns on SPECT, (e.g. global hypoperfusion in addition to temporoparietal change), than in patients with typical perfusion pattern. These results indicate that functional and morphological imagings in LAD differ with those in EAD, probably due to less-prominent neuropathological degeneration combined with age-related alterations.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1994

Tumor angiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hematogenous metastasis requires angiogenesis within the tumor. Previous studies have shown that microvessel counts in histologic sections of the primary tumor, which reflect angiogenesis, are correlated with metastasis in breast, prostate and Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In this study, the authors investigated the association between angiogenesis, hematogenous metastasis and lymph node metastasis in all stages of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Microvessels were highlighted by immunostaining endothelial cells for factor VIII. We counted microvessels within the tumors of 42 patients who had surgical resection (25 with relapse and 11 without relapse more than 5 years after surgical resection). Without knowledge of patient outcome, microvessels were counted on a 200x field (0.723 mm2) in the most active areas of neovascularization. RESULTS: The microvessel counts from patients with relapse after surgical resection (mean +/- standard deviation, 75.4 +/- 64.3) were significantly higher than those without relapse more than 5 years after surgical resection (42.6 +/- 26.0) (P = 0.027). Analysis of regional lymph node metastases (factor N) revealed that the microvessel counts were 62.6 +/- 35.1 for N0 (no regional lymph node metastasis), 51.7 +/- 22.2 for N1 (metastasis in ipsilateral, peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, including direct extension), 75.4 +/- 75.3 for N2 (metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes), and 74.0 for N3 (metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene or supraclavicular lymph node[s]), and these values were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis assessed by microvessel counts, correlated positively with relapse after surgical resection and hematogenous metastasis in all stages of lung adenocarcinoma; there was no correlation with lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Effect on short-term prognosis and left ventricular function of angina pectoris prior to first Q-wave anterior wall acute myocardial infarction.

The prognostic significance of angina pectoris before the development of first Q-wave anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was assessed in 153 patients. A total of 100 patients in this study had angina before Q-wave AMI, whereas 53 patients had no antecedent symptoms of angina. The presence of angina before AMI was associated with a lower incidence of complications including sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (7% vs 25%, p = 0.0022), pump failure (24% vs 47%, p = 0.0035), cardiac rupture (1% vs 17%, p = 0.0001), and a lower in-hospital mortality rate (11% vs 28%, p = 0.0067). The peak creatine phosphokinase activity was lower in patients with than without antecedent angina (1,727 +/- 1,238 vs 2,675 +/- 2,569 IU/liter, respectively, p = 0.023). There was no difference in the prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease or the presence of collateral circulation between the 2 groups. Left ventriculography revealed a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (54 +/- 13% vs 46 +/- 11%, p = 0.034) and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (75 +/- 15 vs 86 +/- 18 ml/m2, p = 0.017) in patients with than without antecedent angina. These findings suggest that the presence of angina before AMI may be associated with a protective effect on left ventricular function during anterior wall AMI. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are unknown, they may be related to the development of collateral channels or ischemic preconditioning.

Adult↗