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Biomedical subjects

S Abe

Publications and source records attributed to S Abe.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after partial gastrectomy.

Twelve patients (10.4%) had a history of partial gastrectomy among the 115 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The clinical characteristics, nutritional parameters, and incidences of esophagitis of the resected specimens were investigated between 11 patients with esophageal carcinoma who had partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer diseases (Group A) and 103 patients with esophageal carcinoma without any previous history of gastrectomy (Group B). Age, sex, tumor location, clinical stages, and cigarette and alcohol consumption were not different between the two groups. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin level in Group A were lower than those in Group B (p < 0.05). Serum zinc level in Group A was lower than that in Group B, but this difference was not significant. There was no difference in the incidences of esophagitis between the two groups. In conclusion, there is an association between partial gastrectomy and later development of squamous esophageal carcinoma. The role of malnutritional factors and gastroesophageal reflux, however, remain unclear. The long-term follow-up of patients after partial gastrectomy is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Continuous measurement of left ventricular volume in rabbit, using a two-electrode catheter.

We developed a device for monitoring instantaneous left ventricular (LV) volume using an alternating-current excitation two-electrode conductance catheter. Instantaneous conductance between a pair of electrodes was amplified by a non-inverting circuit. The level of conductance was linearly related to changes in blood volume from 0.8 to 2.0 ml in a latex balloon (r2 = 0.95), and to changes in blood volume from 0.4 to 2.2 ml in a post-mortem rabbit left ventricle (r2 = 0.99). The difference between the maximal and minimal conductance of the LV in situ during a cardiac cycle was closely correlated with changes in stroke volume, measured by an electromagnetic flow probe (r2 = 0.97). The endsystolic pressure-conductance relation (ESPCR) was highly linear (r2 = 0.92). Changes of the slope (Ees) of the ESPCR correlated directionally with changes of the time derivative of LV pressure (LVdP/dt) during intravenous infusions of dobutamine and propranolol. Accordingly, the two-electrode conductance catheter was useful in vivo in rabbits for continuously assessing changes in the LV volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Error analysis of autoradiography method for measurement of cerebral blood flow by 123I-IMP brain SPECT: a comparison study with table look-up method and microsphere model method.

N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) has been commonly used as a cerebral blood flow tracer, but, significant clearance of IMP from the brain to the blood causes underestimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) as compared with true CBF when the conventional microsphere model method is applied. Previously, we reported an "Autoradiography method" (ARG method) for measuring CBF by using IMP in which this clearance effect was corrected. This method was based on a two-compartment model (influx: K1, efflux: k2, K1/k2 = distribution volume of IMP (Vd)), the K1 (corresponding to CBF) being obtained form the table which showed a correlation between CBF and the brain counts of SPECT scan with a constant Vd value. Arterial input data used were obtained by one point blood sampling 10 min after IMP infusion against the standard input function. In the present study, the ARG method was compared with the table look-up method (TLU method) and the conventional microsphere model method (MS method) for 30 subjects. When the Vd value in the ARG method was assumed to be 50 ml/ml, CBF values obtained by the ARG method were correlated well with those obtained by the TLU method (Y = 1.04X-2.5; X: TLU, Y: ARG r = 0.97) and those obtained by the MS method (Y = 0.82X + 12.1; X: ARG, Y: MS, r = 0.84). But, when the Vd value was assumed to be more or less than 50 ml/ml, ARG method CBF were under- or overestimated compared with the TLU method. This indicated that the ARG method could be a reliable method for CBF measurement if the Vd was determined properly. CBF values obtained by the MS method were actually 13.2% higher than those obtained by the ARG method against previous studies. As reasons for this, errors in the effects of gray-white matter mixture in the ARG method and in estimation of the SPECT brain counts at 8 min in the MS method were considered.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative autoradiographic localization of [3H]3-OH-PCP (1-(1(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine) binding sites in rat brain.

Binding of a novel radioligand, [3H]3-OH-PCP (1(1(3-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl)piperidine), to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-coupled and -uncoupled PCP sites was investigated in the rat brain. The highest densities of [3H]3-OH-PCP binding were observed in the hippocampal formation, notably in the stratum radiatum and oriens of CA1 region, and dentate gyrus. There were relatively high levels of binding in the olfactory system, superficial layer of cortices, the amygdala and the thalamus. In contrast, lower levels of binding were found in the globus pallidus, cerebellum, and brain stem, except for the superior colliculus. These findings demonstrate that [3H]3-OH-PCP binds to discrete regions within the rat brain. Its distribution is consistent with autoradiographic localization of [3H]TCP and [3H]MK-801 binding sites in the rat brain, suggesting that [3H]3-OH-PCP binds to NMDA/PCP ion-channel complexes in preference to sigma sites.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1995

Preinfarction angina as a major predictor of left ventricular function and long-term prognosis after a first Q wave myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of preinfarction angina after a first Q wave myocardial infarction. Patients with anterior or inferior myocardial infarction were compared. BACKGROUND: The effect of preinfarction angina on prognosis after anterior and inferior myocardial infarction remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 291 patients with a first Q wave anterior (n = 171) or inferior (n = 120) myocardial infarction were examined to assess the effect of preinfarction angina on short- and long-term prognosis. The relation between predischarge left ventriculographic findings and preinfarction angina was also examined. RESULTS: The presence of preinfarction angina was associated with lower peak creatine kinase activity, a lower in-hospital incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and a lower incidence of pump failure and cardiac mortality in patients with either anterior or inferior infarction. Among patients with anterior infarction, preinfarction angina was associated with a lower incidence of cardiac rupture and less need for readmission for heart failure within 1 year after the onset of infarction. In this subgroup it was also associated with a higher ejection fraction, a smaller end-diastolic volume and a lower incidence of aneurysm formation noted on ventriculography during convalescence. In patients with inferior infarction, these variables did not differ significantly in the presence or absence of preinfarction angina. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the presence of preinfarction angina was an independent predictor of development of ventricular aneurysm, late phase heart failure and 1-year cardiac mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of preinfarction angina has a favorable effect on infarct expansion and late phase left ventricular function, especially in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not known but may be secondary to limitations of infarct size through unidentified mechanisms other than collateralization (e.g., ischemic preconditioning).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Disappearance of Langerhans cells and melanocytes after cryopreservation of skin.

Cryopreserved skin allografts have been extensively reported to remain viable for longer periods after grafting, both in the laboratory and in the clinic, than skin stored by other methods. We investigated the immunocytochemical and electron microscopic properties of samples of cryopreserved human skin (-196 degrees C) for comparison with fresh samples. In an immunocytochemical study of fresh skin, reagents S-100 and CDIa indicated numerous mesenchymal origin cells in the squamous cell layer, basal layer and dermis; 2B7 identified these cells in the basal layer and PC-10 identified them in the basal and squamous cell layers. In cryopreserved skin, however, few cells reacted to these reagents. An electron microscopic study of the cryopreserved skin showed Langerhans cells (LC); however, these had suffered degeneration, with partial defects of the cell membrane and vacuolation in the cytoplasm. We speculate these effects are responsible for the virtually complete abolition of LC membrane and cytoplasm markers. In summary, we detected few mesenchymal origin cells, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, or S-phase cells, in cryopreserved skin by immunocytochemical methods. Langerhans cells existed but had degenerated. These results indicate that cryopreservation at -196 degrees C causes degeneration of Langerhans cells, and that is the reason for the prolonged viability of cryopreserved allograft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Mortality of Candida albicans-infected mice is facilitated by superinfection of Escherichia coli or administration of its lipopolysaccharide.

Pathogenesis of complex infection with Candida albicans and gram-negative bacteria was studied by determining the influence of infection with Escherichia coli or injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mortality of C. albicans-infected mice. Mice were infected intravenously with lethal doses of C. albicans, then treated intravenously at various times with viable E. coli or E. coli LPS, which individually were not lethal. Treatments 3 h after C. albicans infection clearly facilitated the death of the mice. Corresponding to this facilitated death, production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in sera was augmented 2 h after LPS injection into the infected mice. Similar increased production of TNF was also observed in mice treated with a nonlethal combination of heat-killed C. albicans and LPS. The number of viable C. albicans in kidneys of the infected mice was increased by LPS treatment, which was assumed to be the main cause of the greater mortality rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Structural analysis of a novel triphosphonoglycosphingolipid from the egg of the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai.

A novel phosphonoglycosphingolipid which contains three residues of 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2-AEP) was isolated from eggs of a sea gastropoid, Aplysia kurodai, and its structure was identified as follows. [see text] The major aliphatic components of ceramide were palmitic acid, stearic acid, 4-sphingenine, and 16-methyl-4-sphingenine. Antibodies which recognize 3-O-methylgalactose linked beta-glycosidically to phosphonoglycosphingolipids failed to react to the egg glycolipid. By comparing 1H-NMR spectra of native and HF-treated glycolipids, steric interactions of two residues of 2-AEP with ring protons of the glucose and the internal galactose were indicated.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Suppression of anti-Candida activity of murine neutrophils by progesterone in vitro: a possible mechanism in pregnant women's vulnerability to vaginal candidiasis.

Sex steroid hormones were examined for their effect on mycelial growth of Candida albicans, and the inhibitory activity of casein-induced murine peritoneal neutrophils against mycelial growth of C. albicans was examined in vitro using a crystal violet staining method or a [3H]glucose incorporation method. Four steroid hormones, danazol, estradiol, estriol and testosterone had no effect on mycelial growth of C. albicans, but progesterone appeared to convert the growth form of C. albicans from hyphal to yeast. Danazol (10(-6) M) and progesterone (10(-5) M) suppressed anti-Candida activity of neutrophils of non-treated mice, while testosterone, estradiol, and estriol did not. The anti-Candida activity of neutrophils of estradiol-pretreated mice was clearly suppressed by progesterone even at 10(-6) M which corresponded to its plasma concentration in pregnant women in the third trimester. The physiological significance of this suppressive effect of progesterone was discussed in relation to the vulnerability of pregnant women to vaginal candidiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

ICAM-1 plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. We analysed ICAM-1 expression on BAL fluid cells and measured soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations in sera and BAL fluids from patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA). We found significantly increased cellular ICAM-1 expression on BAL fluid lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages, and significantly increased values of circulating and BAL fluid sICAM-1 in EAA patients compared with controls. Successive measurement showed prompt decrease of both sICAM-1 values in EAA patients during periods when antigen exposure was prevented. In BAL fluids from EAA patients, sICAM-1 values significantly correlated to neutrophil and ICAM-1+ lymphocyte counts. In EAA patients, circulating and BAL fluid sICAM-1 values has significant negative correlations to values of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and to time intervals between last episode and sample collection. However, these values had significant positive correlation to values of alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference. In EAA, antigen exposure appears to induce cellular ICAM-1 expression on BAL fluid cells, and also appears to up-regulate shedding of ICAM-1 in the alveolar lining fluid and in the circulation. The sICAM values appear to reflect disease activity of EAA.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aberrant appearance of lung surfactant protein A in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its clinical significance.

Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is known to be a major phospholipid-associated glycoprotein in pulmonary surfactant, which is specific to the lung. In this study, the SP-A concentrations in sera of patients with various lung diseases were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) exhibited prominently high concentrations of serum SP-A compared to those of other lung diseases and healthy volunteers, although there were significant increases in serum SP-A concentrations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary emphysema, diffuse panbronchiolitis and bacterial pneumonia compared to those of healthy volunteers. Successive measurement in 2 patients with IPF showed that serum SP-A levels reflect the disease activity of IPF. In patients with IPF, serum SP-A concentrations were significantly correlated with those of serum lactate dehydrogenase, whereas there were no significant correlations of serum SP-A concentrations with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, arterial oxygen saturation, vital capacity and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Determination of serum SP-A will contribute to diagnosing IPF and PAP, and may reflect the disease activity of IPF.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

Circulating gamma delta-T-cell-receptor-positive lymphocytes in sarcoidosis.

We investigated phenotypic surface markers of peripheral blood lymphocytes including expression of gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR gamma delta) in 185 patients with sarcoidosis and 42 normal subjects. The proportion of TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis (5.5 +/- 5.4%) was significantly higher than in normal subjects (3.6 +/- 2.2%; p < 0.05). A number of patients with sarcoidosis had prominently increased levels of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes. Successive measurements of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes demonstrated the persistence of increased levels of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes. We divided the patients with sarcoidosis into two groups, one with high, the other with low TCR gamma delta+ expression. Compared with the low-value group, the high-value group had significantly decreased levels of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased incidence of a positive tuberculin reaction, and higher levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme, suggesting that these two groups may differ in their immunological response and disease activity of sarcoidosis. Measurement of TCR gamma delta+ expression in the circulation seems to be useful for estimating the disease activity of sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lymphoepithelial cysts in the mediastinum with an opening to the trachea.

A case of lymphoepithelial cysts (LECs) in the mediastinum, manifested radiographically by paratracheal air collection, is reported. Percutaneous injection of radiopaque material and indocyanine green into a cyst showed an opening to the trachea. During surgical resection, three well-circumscribed cysts were isolated. Pathologically the cysts were lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium and surrounded by lymphoid tissue with germinal centers. Judging from the level of the duct opening onto the airway, these LECs might have derived from a remnant of the fourth branchial pouch. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case described.

Branchioma↗
PubMed1995

Increased carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease in which alveoli are filled with lipoproteinaceous materials. We measured carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and sera from patients with PAP and from healthy volunteers (HV). Significantly increased CEA values were found in BAL fluids and sera from patients with PAP compared with those from HV. BAL fluid CEA values significantly correlated to serum CEA values in patients with PAP. Serum CEA values significantly correlated to serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and alveolar-arterial PO2 difference values in patients with PAP. Successive measurements of serum CEA showed that serum CEA values reflect the disease activity of PAP. The determination of serum CEA is useful for evaluating disease severity of PAP.

Adolescent↗