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Biomedical subjects

S A Stass

Publications and source records attributed to S A Stass.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fluorescent microsphere detection of surface antigens and simultaneous cytochemistries in individual hematopoietic cells.

A method for simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens, cell morphology, and endogenous cytochemical staining on the same hematopoietic cell has been developed. Individual cells in heterogeneous populations can be tested for cell surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescein-containing microspheres and subsequently stained for myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, chloroacetate esterase, or alpha naphthyl butyrate. This technic, when applied to mixed cell populations such as normal peripheral blood and leukemic bone marrow samples, provides simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and specific cytoplasmic cytochemistries within individual cells. Application of this technic may increase the body of knowledge about hematopoiesis by allowing individual cells to be analyzed simultaneously for multiple lineage-associated characteristics.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Immunoperoxidase determination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in acute leukemia using PAP and ABC methods: experience in 102 cases.

Immunoperoxidase (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) technics for the detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were applied to 102 cases of acute leukemia to compare their relative usefulness in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia. Two different IP technics were used, peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) on 50 cases, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) on 42 cases, and both PAP and ABC on ten cases. Using 40% TdT+ cells to define positivity, 71 of 102 cases were IP+/IF+, 12 were IP+/IF-, and 19 were IP/IF-. The finding of 12 IP+/IF- cases suggests greater sensitivity of the IP method in detecting TdT+ acute leukemia. This greater sensitivity was demonstrated by both PAP and ABC technics. Direct comparison of ABC and PAP technics in ten cases showed the results by both methods to be similar. In addition, previous reports utilizing the IF method found approximately 10% of cases of AML to have greater than 10% TdT+ cells. The authors' findings for the IF method were similar (15%), but using the IP methods, the authors were able to detect greater than 10% TdT+ cells in 46% of AML cases and greater than 40% TdT+ cells in 31% of AML cases. The authors conclude that the IP technics for the detection of TdT offer several advantages and may be more sensitive relative to the IF method. Further, either the PAP or the ABC method is suitable for routine use in hematopathology laboratories.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Periodic acid-Schiff stain in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lack of independent prognostic value.

The authors reviewed 250 consecutive children with ALL to determine if the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) score was a useful, independent predictor of time to failure. PAS stains were scored from 0 to 400 and divided into low- and high-score groups using a variance-ratio test (F test) to optimize any effect of PAS on prognosis. Although the effect of PAS score considered alone approached significance for time to failure, the PAS score lost all significance when the patients were divided into standard-risk and high-risk groups on the basis of peripheral white count, central nervous system involvement, mediastinal mass, or E-rosette positivity at diagnosis. A Cox regression analysis was performed on a subgroup of 198 patients for whom cytogenetic studies were also available. The PAS score again approached the level of significance when considered alone but was of no significance after the effects of peripheral white count, pseudodiploidy, mediastinal mass, and E-rosette positivity were removed. The authors conclude that the PAS stain has no independent prognostic significance in childhood ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chloroacetate esterase positivity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Chloroacetate esterase (CAE) reactivity is associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and, to the author's knowledge, has not been reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The authors have identified a single patient whose blasts displayed CAE reactivity from a review of 400 newly diagnosed patients with ALL. The diagnosis of ALL in this case was based upon morphologic evaluation (FAB:L1), presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), the absence of reactivity with myeloperoxidase, and the failure of leukemic blasts to mark with a panel of anti-myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Remission was induced promptly with standard ALL therapy. This case demonstrates that punctate CAE positivity rarely can occur in ALL, and, therefore, CAE is not entirely specific for ANLL. The authors conclude that CAE positivity should not be used as a sole criterion to diagnose ANLL in the absence of supporting morphologic, cytochemical, immunocytologic, or clinical information.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1984

Auer rods in mature granulocytes: a unique morphologic feature of acute myelogenous leukemia with maturation.

The authors observed Auer rods in mature neutrophils, bands, and metamyelocytes in two children with AML with maturation (FAB M2). In order to determine if this rare finding was characteristic of AML M2, the authors reviewed the bone marrows and peripheral blood smears of 50 children with AML M2 and 50 children with other AML subtypes (FAB M1, M3, M4, and M5). They found Auer rods in mature neutrophils and band forms in 10 of 50 patients (20%) with AML M2 but in none of 50 patients with non-M2 AML. This finding was not related to the frequency of mature cells in the specimen or to the frequency of Auer rods in blasts. Cytogenetics did not show a consistent abnormality. The presence of Auer rods in mature granulocytes is unique to FAB M2 AML in the authors' series and supports the concept that in AML at least some of the mature myeloid cells are involved in the leukemic process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sudan black B positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The presence of greater than 3% Sudan black B (SBB) positivity in leukaemic blasts has been considered diagnostic of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). A rare report has indicated that this finding may not be specific for ANLL. In order to determine whether SBB could be found in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) the data on 350 patients with newly diagnosed ALL were reviewed. Six patients (1.6%) were found to have 5% or greater SBB positive blasts. The diagnosis of ALL was supported by morphology, cytochemistries, immunologic markers, therapeutic response, and in one case immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. It is important to recognize the fact that SBB is not specific for AML and may be found in the blasts of patients with ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous occurrence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and myeloperoxidase in individual leukemia blasts.

Cases of acute leukemia showing both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities are usually classified as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Although some reports have implied overlap of TdT and MPO based on population percentages, direct evidence for simultaneous expression of TdT and MPO by a leukemic blast is lacking. By use of a simple new technique developed in our laboratory for identifying TdT and MPO in individual cells by light microscopy, we examined three cases of acute leukemia with both TdT and MPO positivity and found that the incidence of cells positive for both TdT and MPO was 0%, 1%, and 23%. Cytogenetic analysis showed a single leukemic clone in all patients, providing additional evidence that these leukemias arose from a single cell capable of expressing both MPO and TdT. These findings have implications for understanding the relation between MPO and TdT expression in leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Pseudallescheria boydii, a common soil organism, is best known as the causative agent of mycetoma. Isolation of the organism from sites other than the extremities is relatively uncommon. However, the use of corticosteroids and cancer chemotherapy has been associated with an increasing frequency of localized superinfection as well as disseminated disease. Recently, an increased number of disseminated P boydii infections, primarily associated with immunosuppressed patients, has been reported in the literature. We diagnosed an additional case of P boydii in a 16-year-old boy who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and manifested a disseminated infection during reinduction chemotherapy. The unusual features of this case were the extent of organ involvement, which was more wide-spread than previously noted in the literature, and the presence of conidia in sections of an endocardial thrombus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection with marrow suppression simulating acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Two cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, with hemograms and marrow aspirates simulating acute promyelocytic leukemia, are presented. The absence of either Auer rods or abnormal granulation, as well as the clinical history of infection, are important clues to the benign nature of the process. Experimental and clinical evidence to support the role of Pseudomonas endotoxin in myeloid suppression and maturation arrest is reviewed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1982

Simultaneous evaluation for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and myeloperoxidase in leukemia.

A technique for dual staining of cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is described. The technique has been applied to cells of two patients. One patient had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The other patient had chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Our findings indicate that TdT and MPO are exclusive markers except for a rare precursor cell with dual staining in one patient. This study supports the concept of acute mixed leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Determination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on bone marrow smears by immunoperoxidase.

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a marker of lymphoblastic disorders. Previously, the technique for determining TdT on smears was by indirect immunofluorescence. An immunoperoxidase procedure for detecting TdT on smears is reported. Results are in a comparable range with the indirect immunofluorescent technique. As discussed in this paper, TdT by immunoperoxidase may offer certain advantages over the indirect immunofluorescent procedure.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1982

Spuriously elevated platelet counts due to microspherocytosis.

A patient with an acute burn was noticed to have spuriously elevated platelet counts on an automated system. The major factor accounting for this discrepancy was the presence of numerous microspherocytes which were in the same size range of platelets. It is thus important to add microspherocytosis as an additional cause for a spuriously elevated platelet count. This has special clinical importance when dealing with an acute burn patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Markers of cellular differentiation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous entity that can be subcategorized on the basis of morphologic aspects, immunologic markers, membrane antigens, and enzymatic content of the blast forms. Subgroups corresponding to T-cell, pre-T-cell, pre-B-cell, and non-T-, non-B-lymphocyte derivations can be defined by immunologic markers, and the biologic differences are supported by the differential expression of membrane antigens and of nuclear, lysosomal, cytoplasmic, and membrane enzymes. These studies ease the diagnosis and characterization of ALL and enhance understanding of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase immunofluorescence on bone marrow smears: serial studies on 28 patients.

Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT) activity determinations, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, were performed on 28 consecutive leukemia patients. Fifteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had 38 bone marrow smears examined. TdT-positive cells were a good indicator of disease activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in that numbers were increased at the time of diagnosis, normal during remission, and increased during relapse. Ten patients with acute myeloid leukemias had 42 smears studied. The number of TdT-positive cells did not reflect the activity of the disease, except for two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in which TdT-positive cells were mildly increased during relapse. Three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia had eight smears studied. The number of positive cells seemed meaningful only in following the course of lymphoid blast crisis. It would therefore appear that TdT determinations seem to be of value in lymphoblastic leukemia, but of limited value in myeloid leukemias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A defect in the formation of uropod-bearing lymphocytes (hand-mirror cells) in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

The formation of a uropod by lymphocytes (hand-mirror cells) represents a morphologic stage of immune activation and motility in lymphocytes. Immune complexes have been previously shown to induce hand-mirror-cell (HMC) formation in human lymphocytes and have been associated with increased number of HMC in acute leukemia. We studied the ability of immune complexes to induce HMC in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a disease of cellular immune deficiency. Our findings indicate that lymphocytes from patients with WAS adhere to immune complexes but have a defect in their ability to form HMC when compared with normal human lymphocytes. These results support the concept that immune complexes induce HMC formation and that the HMC is related to the normal cellular immune response.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a biochemical marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In studies of ALL at diagnosis, there are usually greater than 40% TdT-positive cells by indirect immunofluorescence, whereas acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) shows less than 1% TdT-positive cells. Rare cases of TdT-positive AML have been reported. We present here three AML patients with TdT in 15%, 45%, and 90% of the leukemic blasts. The diagnosis of AML was established on the basis of morphology and cytochemistry, and the cases included one patient with Auer rods. Myeloperoxidase was present respectively in 20%, 90%, and 5% of the blasts. There was no Philadelphia chromosome present in the three cases. These results may indicate the simultaneous presence of lymphoid and myeloid populations, or the presence of a blast cell with both lymphoid and myeloid markers.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1981

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror variant--viral immune interrelationship as demonstrated by ultrastructural studies.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror variant--was extensively restudied in a 22-year-old white female who survived for 22 months without therapy. Immune complexes to the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) were found in the bone marrow plasma of the relapse specimen in 1977, but not in the bone marrow plasma from the terminal state in 1979. Immunoperoxidase-tagged IgM antibody prepared from the patient's bone marrow plasma revealed BaEV antigen on the tip of the uropod of the HMC at the time immune complexes were found in the marrow. Absence of immune complexes in the marrow. Absence of immune complexes in the bone marrow in the terminal state suggested a failure of the patient's immune surveillance system and/or possible immune suppression by chemotherapy.

Adult↗