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Biomedical subjects

S A Plotkin

Publications and source records attributed to S A Plotkin.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Gonorrhea in preschool- and school-aged children. Report of the prepubertal gonorrhea cooperative study group.

Single-dose antibiotic therapy was evaluated in 108 episodes of culture-confirmed, uncomplicated gonorrhea in 100 prepubertal children. There were 15 boys and 85 girls between 14 months and 14 years of age. Penicillin G procaine, 100,000 units/kg intramuscularly, was compared with amoxicillin trihydrate, 50 mg/kg orally. Probenecid, 25 mg/kg, was given simultaneously. Both drugs provided prompt bacteriological and clinical response. Multiple episodes of gonorrhea, presumably caused by reexposure, occurred in six girls. Oral and anal cultures were negative in all of 47 Costa Rican cases but were commonly positive in US children. Anal cultures yielded gonococci in 52% of girls and 25% of boys, and oral cultures were positive in 18% and 13%, respectively. In three instances, rectal cultures confirmed the diagnosis when vaginal cultures were negative. Gonorrhea should be considered in every child with vaginal or urethral discharge. Single-dose penicillin-probenecid or amoxicillin-probenecid treatment is curative.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Clinical trials of immunization with the Towne 125 strain of human cytomegalovirus.

The Towne 125 strain of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), adapted to growth in human diploid cell strain WI-38 and propagated in this cell line for 129 consecutive passages, was administered to male volunteers with or without preexisting antibodies to CMV. Infection was not achieved by intranasal administration. In contrast, subcutaneous inoculation of virus induced seroconversion in all seronegative volunteers and a booster antibody response in some previously seropositive individuals. Transient local reactions occured at the site of inoculation of the virus, but systemic symptoms and signs of disease were notably absent.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1976

Immunization schedules for the new human diploid cell vaccine against rabies.

Clinical and antibody responses of human volunteers to four different serial production lots of human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) each with a different antigenic value are described. Three to four doses of HDCV administered over a period of 14 days produced high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies with an average titer up to 20 times higher than the titer elicited by four doses of duck embryo vaccine. Antibodies were still present one year after completion of vaccination. Only minimal differences in antibody response could be observed between groups receiving vaccines of different antigenic values. Untoward reactions to the vaccine were few. The possibility of using the vaccine as part of postexposure human prophylaxis against rabies is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The outcome of staphylococcal bacteremia in childhood. "The prognosis is better than previously reported".

Fifty infants and children were treated for staphylococcal infections complicated by bacteremia. Of these, 28 had serious underlying diseases, principally leukemia (15 cases). All were treated with intravenous antibiotics for a median duration of 12.7 days. Although 13 patients died (26%), the staphylococcal infection had apparently been eradicated in all but three (6%), one of whom died before treatment could be started. The relatively brief treatment periods required in even severely compromised leukemic patients and the survival of all but one of 22 previously healthy patients with staphylococcal bacteremia suggest that the prognosis is better than previously reported.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus by rifampin.

Replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was inhibited by 50 mug/ml of rifampin. Nevertheless, a number of functions of CMV were still expressed in the presence of rifampin, including early cell rounding, and the development of immuno-fluorescent antigen, haemadsorption antigen, complement-fixing antigen and precipitin antigens. If rifampin was kept in the culture medium for longer than 48 h, infectious virus was not synthesized, but removal of rifampin resulted in restoration of virus titre within 24 h. In parallel with the restoration of infectivity, removal of the drug resulted in a sharp increase in macromolecular synthesis, first RNA and then virus DNA. The results suggest that rifampin blocks a stage in the production of m-RNA species.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Candidate cytomegalovirus strain for human vaccination.

A strain of human cytomegalovirus called Towne was isolated in WI-38 human fibrolast cell cultures from the urine of an infected infant. It was then passaged 125 times in WI-38, including three clonings, and a pool was prepared in the same cell substrate for use as a potential live attenuated vaccine. The Towne virus has a broad antigenicity and cross-reacts with the AD-169 strain. Several markers of the Towne virus were found which differentiated it from fresh isolates. One of these was resistance of the former to trypsin. The Towne virus was tested for freedom from oncogenicity or other harmful effects in preparation for tests in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Demonstration of immunoglobulin G receptors induced by human cytomegalovirus.

Human cytomegalovirus induced a new immunoglobulin G receptor in human fibroblasts. The immunoglobulin G receptor was well localized in the perinuclear region at 48 h postinfection, and antiviral agents blocked its synthesis. The immunoglobulin G receptor bound immunoglobulin G of man and several other species. It may be a source of error in the performance of indirect fluorescence tests for human cytomegalovirus antibody.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Human cytomegalovirus stimulates host cell RNA synthesis.

Human cytomegalovirus infection of human fibroblast cells (WI-38) induced cellular RNA synthesis. The RNA synthesis in infected cultures preceded the synthesis of viral DNA and progeny virus by approximately 24 h. RNA species synthesized in infected cells included ribosomal 28S and 18S; and 4S transfer RNA; all were markedly increased in comparison to uninfected cells. This induction of host cell RNA synthesis was dependent upon a protein(s) that was synthesized during the early stages of infection.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1975

Antibiotics--1975.

In the author's opinion, nearly all common pediatric infections can be treated with penicillin G, oxacillin or nafcillin, ampicillin, sulfa, or kanamycin. Nevertheless, the pediatrician should also be knowledgable concerning the indications for use of the other antibiotics mentioned in this review.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Stimulation of macromolecular synethesis in guinea pig cells by human CMV.

Nonproductive human CMV infection of G.P. embryo cells induced cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. RNA species synthesized in abortively infected G.P. cells included ribosomal 28S, 18S, and 4S transfer RNA. Virus inactivated with heat and UV light failed to induce cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. Evidence for increased DNA and RNA synthesis in infected cells was provided by studies of:(a) incorporation of thymidine and uridine, (b) extraction and separation of cellular DNA and RNA on sedimentation gradients, (c) autoradiography, and (d) measurement of mitotic index.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1975

Resticted growth of human cytomegalovirus in UV-irradiated WI-38 human fibroblasts.

The growth of human CMV was inhibited by uv irradiation of cells prior to infection or during the 48-hr latent period of virus replication but not after virus synthesis began. The duration of uv exposure sufficient to inhibit CMV replication was insufficient to inhibit replication of Herpes simplex and did not prevent uninfected cells from dividing normally. The effect of uv irradiation on CMV replication may have been mediated through prevention of the virus on host cell RNA(s) synthesis.

Cell Line↗