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Biomedical subjects

R White

Publications and source records attributed to R White.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A closely linked genetic marker for cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder, characterized clinically by chronic obstructive lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency and elevated sweat electrolytes; affected individuals rarely live past their early twenties. Cystic fibrosis is also one of the most common genetic diseases in the northern European population. The frequency of carriers of mutant alleles in some populations is estimated to be as high as 1 in 20, carrying a concomitant burden of about one affected child in 1,500 births. Because little is known of the essential biochemical defect caused by the mutant gene, a genetic linkage approach based on arbitrary genetic markers and family studies is indicated to determine the chromosomal location of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene. We have now obtained evidence for tight linkage between the CF locus and a DNA sequence polymorphism at the met oncogene locus. This evidence, combined with the physical localization data for the met locus presented in the accompanying paper, places the CF locus in the middle third of the long arm of chromosome 7, probably between bands q21 and q31.

Chromosome Mapping↗
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Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: inhalation subchronic toxicity/neurotoxicity study of a light catalytic cracked naphtha distillate in rats.

A 15-week, whole-body inhalation study of the vapors of a distillate (LCCN-D) of light catalytic cracked naphtha (CAS no. 64741-55-5, LCCN) was conducted with Sprague-Dawley rats. Target exposure concentrations were 0, 750, 2500, and 7500 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. Over the course of the study, animals received at least 65 exposures. For a portion of the control and 7500-ppm groups, a 4-week postexposure period was included in the study. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated using standard parameters. During life, neurotoxicity was evaluated by motor activity assessment and a functional observational battery. Selected tissues from animals in all exposure groups were examined microscopically. Neuropathologic examination of selected neuronal tissues from animals in the control and high-exposure groups was also conducted. No compound-related effects were seen on survival, clinical chemistry, food consumption, or physical signs. No evidence of neurotoxicity was seen at any exposure level. Slight decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were seen in male rats at the end of exposure to 7500 ppm LCCN-D. However, values were within normal physiological ranges and recovery occurred. Slight decreases in mean body weights and body weight gain were observed in high-exposure females during the first 7 weeks of exposure, but this decrease was not seen during the second half of the study. Male rat nephropathy involving hyaline droplet formation and alpha-2micro-globulin accumulation was seen in mid- and high-exposure males, an effect not relevant to humans. The incidence and severity of goblet cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia and respiratory epithelium hyperplasia in nasoturbinal tissues were greater in high-exposure animals, but recovery occurred. None of the effects observed were considered toxicologically significant. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for subchronic and neurotoxicity of LCCN-D was > or = 7500 ppm.

Alkanes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new standard for the nursing assessment of leg ulcers.

In the UK, the majority of patients with leg ulcers are treated by nurses in the community. Nurses are central to the diagnosis and management of these patients. Formal clinical assessments are not always conducted; where they are, there is not always compliance or access to Doppler ultrasound scanners, or training in the necessary skills and techniques. Assessment should be routine and systematic; an understanding of why each observation is required will aid compliance. This article includes a review of the current requirements for assessment and sets out a minimum standard. This has been devised with the practicalities of community nursing and of nurse accountability in mind.

Community Health Nursing↗
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Nurse assessment of oral health: a review of practice and education.

The assessment of oral health status and related care of patients is a largely neglected area of nursing practice. With the notable exceptions of high-risk patient groups, such as those receiving chemotherapy in neonatal and intensive care units, and in terminal care, few patients enjoy regular, formal, oral assessments and care. Such interventions--nurse administered oral hygiene--should not be reserved only for high-risk groups but ideally be provided to all patients, whether in hospital or in the community, as they can reveal signs and symptoms of oral disease, manifestations of systemic disease, drug side-effects, or trauma; they may also provide important diagnostic clues. This article sets out to emphasize the need for nurse education in oral health care and provides a literature review and introduction to common oral health problems. It also sets out to establish the rationale for assessment in all contexts of patient care.

Education, Nursing↗
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The use of honey in wound management.

Honey has been used as a wound treatment for more than 2,000 years. Greater scientific understanding of how it works, particularly as an antibacterial agent, has led practitioners to reconsider the therapeutic value of honey. Once honey is commercially available as a regulated product in the UK, practitioners will have access to an effective, alternative wound treatment. Specific, sterilised honeys intended for wound care will provide a safe natural product to manage colonised or infected wounds that would otherwise remain unresponsive to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical wound management: the role of dressings.

The history of surgical wound management illustrates how dressings have evolved over the years and sets the scene for modern wound-healing products. The aim of this article is to discuss the management of surgical wounds and the value of wound-healing products for carers and patients in the current healthcare climate of cost-efficacy and clinical governance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The benefits of honey in wound management.

In recent years there has been a renewed interest in honey in wound management. There is a range of regulated wound care products that contain honey available on the Drug Tariff This article addresses key issues associated with the use of honey, outlining how it may be best used, in which wounds, and which clinical outcomes may be anticipated.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing exudate.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bandages, Hydrocolloid↗
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Managing exudate.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alginates↗
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Uptake and behavioural and attitudinal determinants of immunization in an expanded routine infant hepatitis B vaccination program in British Columbia.

INTRODUCTION: British Columbia (BC) implemented a universal infant hepatitis B (HB) immunization program in 2001. The study objective was to evaluate HB immunization coverage among the first six-month cohort of eligible infants in the province outside of the Vancouver-Richmond health region and to assess parent/guardian behavioural and attitudinal determinants of HB immunization. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of HB immunization was conducted using a random sample of eligible infants born between 1 January-30 June 2001. HB immunization coverage data were obtained from the provincial Public Health Information System, and through a telephone survey of 487 of eligible infants' parents/guardians that was conducted between October 2002-January 2003. At this time, parents/guardians were also asked about behaviours and attitudes towards immunization, based on the Immunization Health Belief Model Scale. RESULTS: HB immunization coverage with at least one dose of HB vaccine was 89% and uptake of 3 doses of HB vaccine was 78%. HB immunization was significantly associated (p<0.001) with a recommendation for HB immunization from a health care professional. The main reason for non-HB immunization was parental concern about side effects. DISCUSSION: Seventy-eight percent of infants completed the 3-dose HB vaccination schedule. Parental behaviour regarding HB immunization of their children was strongly influenced by a supportive recommendation from either a nurse or doctor.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen free radicals and pelvic adhesion formation: I. Blocking oxygen free radical toxicity to prevent adhesion formation in an endometriosis model.

Intraperitoneal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were used to block the toxic effects of superoxide anion (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), associated with the production of endometriosis and inflammation in a rabbit model. In a two-part animal study, the combined instillation of SOD and catalase significantly reduced the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions at endometriosis sites.

Animals↗