We applied monoclonal antibody typing and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA to study 28 clinical and 35 environmental (potable water) isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from three hospitals in Iowa between 1981 and 1986. Monoclonal antibody typing employed a panel of seven antibodies and delineated eight different subtypes. Plasmids were present in 57% of the isolates including 12 of 28 (43%) clinical and 25 of 35 (69%) potable water isolates. The plasmids ranged in size from 28 to 98 kilobase pairs and comprised eight distinct subtypes by restriction endonuclease analysis with Eco RI. Combination of monoclonal antibody and restriction endonuclease subtyping (composite subtyping) revealed 19 different composite subtypes of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. The most common composite subtype, 09:04, comprised 29% (18 of 63) of the isolates and was only found in clinical and potable water samples from a single pavilion in hospital A during an outbreak of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 pneumonia. Aside from this cluster the diversity of composite subtypes of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 observed in clinical and potable water sources over the 5-year period was striking. The combination of monoclonal antibody and restriction endonuclease typing resulted in improved strain delineation and a more useful use of epidemiologic markers for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro comparison of cefpirome and four other beta-lactam antibiotics alone and in combination with tobramycin against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In vitro susceptibility studies of cefpirome versus cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and piperacillin alone and in combination with tobramycin were performed against 153 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from four medical centers. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antibiotic alone was determined by a standardized dilution method. Antibiotic combination studies were performed using a modified checkerboard technique. Cefpirome alone was more active (MIC90 64 micrograms/ml) than piperacillin (MIC90 128 micrograms/ml) or cefotaxime (MIC90 256 micrograms/ml) but less active than imipenem (MIC90 2 micrograms/ml) or ceftazidime (MIC90 32 micrograms/ml). The addition of tobramycin reduced the MICs of all of the beta-lactam antibiotics except for imipenem. The MIC90 for cefpirome when combined with tobramycin was 8 micrograms/ml compared to 16 micrograms/ml for cefotaxime and piperacillin, 8 micrograms/ml for ceftazidime, and 4 micrograms/ml for imipenem. The combination of tobramycin and cefpirome proved to be additive or synergistic for 82% of the isolates (highest rate) compared to 31% with imipenem (lowest rate). The potent in vitro antipseudomonal activity of cefpirome alone and in combination with an aminoglycoside (tobramycin) suggests that this agent may play a useful role in the therapy of infections due to P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Differentiation between the subgroups A-1 and A-2 on blood stains].

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ABO Blood-Group System↗