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Biomedical subjects

R Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to R Weiner.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Calcium and the secretory cycle of prolactin cells: a cytochemical and ultrastructural study of dopamine inhibition and monobutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulation of prolactin secretion.

To identify intracellular calcium pools that may be involved in the secretory process in prolactin (PRL) cells, hemi pituitaries were incubated in medium containing 10(-6) M dopamine, 5 mM cyclic cAMP (experimentals), or in medium alone (controls) and then processed for electron microscopy using potassium pyroantimonate to localize intracellular calcium. PRL in the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of antimonate associated with mitochondria, Golgi saccules, and secretory granules was estimated. Dopamine inhibition of PRL secretion (> 80% at 1, 2, 3 h) resulted in accumulation of secretory granules in all stages of maturation and dilation of Golgi saccules at 2 and 3 h, accompanied by increased mitochondria antimonate and increased Golgi-associated antimonate. Cyclic AMP stimulation of secretion (635% at 5 min., declining to 34% at 1 h) resulted in marked exocytosis at 5 and 15 min., declining after 30 min. Mitochondrial antimonate decreased after 30 min. Stimulated cells exhibited numerous coated membrane structures at or near exocytotic pits and an amassing of microvesicles at the margin of the Golgi apparatus. Although some secretory granules consistently exhibited reactivity to antimonate (unchanged by inhibition or stimulation), plasma membrane, and granule membrane translocated to the plasma membrane during exocytosis, were not reactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Management of fusiform ascending aortic aneurysms.

Thirteen patients had elective surgical treatment of fusiform ascending aortic aneurysms at Strong Memorial and Rochester General Hospitals from 1970 to 1978. There were 8 men and 5 women ranging in age from 51 to 78 years (mean, 61 years). Nine patients underwent composite tube graft and aortic valve replacement, 3 had aortic valve replacement plus supracoronary tube grafts, and 1 had aortic valve replacement plus aneurysmorrhaphy. Coronary reimplantation alone or combined with saphenous vein bypasses was fashioned in 10 patients. Potassium cardioplegia was considered a useful adjunct in 6 patients. Two early deaths accounted for an operative mortality of 15.4%. There were 3 late deaths. Eight patients are alive and well 2 to 109 months after operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Malabsorption from the surgical viewpoint].

Malabsorption following surgical procedures on the GI-tract happens only in rare cases, such as blindloop-syndrome, short gut-syndrome, internal fistulae and dumping syndrome after partial gastric resection. Pathophysiological background and therapeutical possibilities as well as parenteral nutrition are discussed in detail.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1980

[The importance of involutively conditioned and conditioned by morbidity alterations of enteral absorption and the nutrition of geriatric patients with obstructive jaundice and carcinomatous diseases (author's transl)].

In case of absorption examinations in younger and advanced age it is necessary to differentiate between involutively conditioned alterations of enteral absorption and those ones conditioned by morbidity. For this purpose the modified D-xylose-absorption test offers itself as a diagnostical remedy. The equivalently characteristic alterations in absorption kinetics of carbohydrates in cases of the occurrence of an obstructive jaundice, in patients in the stage of generalisation of carcinomatous disease and in the elderly may be demonstrated by the modified D-xylose-Test.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Enteric resorption of an oral, balanced synthetic diet (Berlamin). Clinical experimental study using the modified D-xylose resorption test].

Oral feeding administering a balanced synthetic diet (defined diet, space diet) is increasingly used in clinical practice. the influence of this completely ballast-free and total absorbable diet on the function of the small gut ist nearly unknown. By means of the modified D-xylose-test a reduction of the D-xylose resorption could be stated. The degree of this reduction is without clinical importance.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Geriatric problems in urology. Development of age averages in surgical treatment of bladder-neck adenoma at the St. George's Hospital in Leipzig during the last 7 decades].

In geriatric urology main task rents on the treatment of patients suffering from a prostatic disease. Caused by the aging of the population increased the number of patients with an adenoma of the prostata. An analysis of age in prostatectomy in the last 65 years of a clinic can be demonstrated, that the age by surgical treatment of prostata adenoma is lower increased than by other surgical treatments. The cause of this development are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Enteral resorption and tumor cachexia].

The rapid loss of the body weight of oncological patients in the advanced stage of the carcinomatous disease is caused by numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. With the help of the modified D-xylose absorption test was investigated which value have disturbances of the enteral absorption in the complex of causes for the development of a tumour cachexia. For the patients in the stage of generalisation of the carcinomatous disease clear disturbances in the enteral food intake could be proved in contrast to patients with carcinoma without general tumour symptomatology and healthy persons. The influence of chemo- and radio-therapy on the enteral absorption of patients with carcinoma was discussed. The forced alimentation of oncological patients with unspezific tumour symptoms must be regarded as a firm constituent in the treatment of patients with carcinoma.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1979

'Malignant' diverticulitis: a clinical entity.

A form of severe diverticulitis exists that is characterized by (1) phlegmonous inflammation of the sigmoid and rectosigmoid colon, often extending below the peritoneal reflection, (2) frequent fistulization to skin, urinary bladder, and small intestine, (3) frequent colonic obstruction, and (4) high postoperative morbidity and mortality. The clinical similarity to granulomatous colitis is very apparent, but pathologic findings are consistent with severe diverticulitis rather than granulomatous colitis. The term "malignant" diverticulitis is suggested because of the progressive nature of the disease process and the frequency of severe morbidity associated with it. Seventeen patients have been studied since 1965, comprising approximately 7% of patients operated on for diverticular disease at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Postoperative small intestinal absorption after cholecystectomy].

The postoperative resorption in the small intestine after cholecystectomie was found out by means of the modified D-xylose resorption test on the 2-th, 4-th, 6-th an 8-th postoperative day for 14 patients. The velocity and the dimension of the enteral resorption of D-xylose was lower in the immediate postoperative phase. The dimension of the D-xylose resorption was normalized on 4. p. o. day and obtained the preoperative starting-value on the 8-th postoperative day. The myoelectrical activity of the small intestine normalized in a shorter time after cholecystectomy than the enteral resorption. A formal parallelism consists between the normalisation of the motoric activity of the stomach and the xylose-resorption in the immidiate postoperative phase. For the small intestine resorption in the postoperative phase completely clarified and required further investigations. The influences of electrolyte displacement and disturbances of the microcirculation in the postoperative period in the small intestine resorption were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Postoperative intestinal absorption in old age (author's transl)].

The function of intestinal absorption was analysed in elderly patients before and after cholecystectomy by the help of the modified D-xylose-absorption test. A characteristic dependence upon the age for the process of intestinal absorption was demonstrated in the elderly not only preoperatively but also postoperatively. The effective intestinal absorption of D-xylose normalized postoperative by in freshly operated older patients more slowly than in younger ones.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Intestinal absorption in the short-bowel syndrome].

An extreme diminution of the absorption surface by resection or exclusion of the small intestine leads to the clinical picture of the short-intestine-syndrome. The absorption effect of the proximal small intestine can be exactly established with the help of the modified D-xylose-test. On the basis of three typical examples the high evidence of this functional test can be demonstrated. The pathophysiological principles of the intestinal adaptation after by-pass-operations and resections of the small intestine are discussed.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Intestinal absorption in the elderly (author's transl)].

The extent of intestinal absorption and malabsorption may be exactly stated by means of the method "generalized absorption". According to first-hand examinations an alteration of absorbing kinetics of D-xylose dependent on age could have been demonstrated. The velocity of absorption decreases in the elderly and the general absorbing process are prolonged. The extent of absorption restriction in the elderly are under physiological circumstances without clinical value. The health elder man disposes of the same power for a complete absorption of an offered substrate like the younger one. An increasing of cases with a malabsorption in the age may be explained by a increased multmorbidity in the elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Calcium dependence of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase.

The effects of various concentrations of ionized Ca were examined on the activity of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase previously treated with EGTA. Within the range of ionized Ca-concentrations though to be physiologically important (10(-8) to 10(-5) M), no significant activation of the enzyme occurred, although activation was observed at higher concentrations of the metal.

Animals↗