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Biomedical subjects

R Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to R Weiner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Basis of early enteral feeding in the postoperative period].

Since the conception of a postoperative generalised inhibition of motility of stomach and gut has been disproved, there is a growing support for early enteral nutrition at present. The stomach should be evacuated from increased secretion by tube drainage. This should be combined with intraduodenal tube feeding. Immediately after surgery a sufficient absorption capacity of the small gut also makes early enteral nutrition possible.

Drainage↗
PubMed1984

[Postoperative energy requirements and its fulfillment].

After surgical procedures there are complex and typical changes of the homeostasis, which are summarized as postaggression syndrome. Energy demands in the immediate postoperative period are lower than presumed until recently. After elective surgery the basal energy requirement will increase to about 10 per cent above the preoperative level. Artificial nutrition is used in clinical practice to overcome this. Enteral and/or parenteral nutrition is necessary to meet the energy and nutritional demands in the postoperative period.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Modern aspects of enteral and parenteral feeding of newly operated patients].

In a decisive degree the modern trophotherapy further the decrease of the lethality from operation and of the rate of postoperative complications. In the differential indication between parenteral and enteral nutrition at present an international change takes place. The early enteral nutrition after operative interventions of medium severity is a real alternative to the parenteral nutrition. Therapy concepts for the balanced nutrition of newly operated patients are presented. The intake of nutrition via small intestine is less dangerous than via veins and is clearly more economical.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Function diagnosis of small intestine absorption using the modified D-xylose absorption test].

Based on a biophysical model of the absorptive system a modified D-xylose test has been inaugurated, which is well suited to comprehensively assess the process of intestinal absorption. According to the author's experience of many years the test is a well-suited method for detecting changes in intestinal absorption. It excels by its high validity and reliability. Its practical accomplishment is easy and needs no expensive equipment. The method and the processing and evaluation of the measured values are described in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Functional diagnosis of intestinal absorption in gastroenterology surgery].

Clinical tests for measuring the intestinal absorption in abdominal surgery, especially surgery of the GI-tract, are of great importance. The absorption of the proximal small intestine can be investigated via a modified D-xylose-test. The distal small intestine may be studied by using the vitamin-B12 urinary excretion test. The bacterial overgrowth syndrome and the absorption of bile salts can be diagnosed on the basis of a 14C-glykocholate test.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

Cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood monocytes.

Native tumoricidal activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined before and after their separation by counterflow centrifugation elutriation (CCE). Tumoricidal activity was found in the subpopulation of small mononuclear cells but not within the relatively pure subpopulation of large monocytes. Addition of lymphokine and/or lipopolysaccharide demonstrated that large monocytes were resistant to activation for tumor killing, in contrast to small mononuclear cells. However, cryopreservation or simply exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) rendered the large monocytes sensitive to activating agents without altering their unstimulated tumoricidal activity. Cryopreservation was not detrimental to small or large monocytes either in number or tumoricidal function but did decrease the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The small mononuclear cell fraction was enriched for small monocytes to 80% by combining CCE with Percoll gradient separation. HNK-1 mouse monoclonal antibody against human LGL was used with complement to remove virtually all LGL from cryopreserved cells as judged by morphology and tumoricidal activity against K-562 human lymphoblastoid cells. Such treatment actually augmented rather than suppressed tumoricidal activity against P-815 mastocytoma cells. Therefore, we conclude that small monocytes but not large monocytes possess native tumoricidal activity distinct from that attributed to LGL or natural killer lymphocytes. Further, small monocytes are readily activated for tumor killing and can be cryopreserved without loss of tumoricidal activity.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1983

[Importance of the modern hospital diet in medical practice].

Hospital diet is an essential part of modern therapy in all medical departments. It comprises both the so-called normal diets which are prepared according to modern nutritional knowledge, dietetic foods and the various forms of artificial nutrition (nutrient-defined and chemically defined diets, parenteral and combined nutrition, i.e. enteral and parenteral nutrition). The integration of nutritional therapeutic problems into the treatment of patients requires optimal scientific and practical forms of organisation of nutrition in the clinic. For that purpose, cooperation of clinical, technical, economic and pedagogic divisions is of prime importance. The organisation of patient nutrition in the St. Georg District Hospital in Leipzig is described as a feasible model.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1983

[Use of tube feeding in surgery].

Tube feeding is a simple and safe method for nutritional support. The efficiency of this procedure depends on the digestion and absorption of the small intestine, optimal choice and nutrients, effective technique and exact supervision. Correct tube feeding can be considered to be an alternative to parenteral nutrition.

Enteral Nutrition↗