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Biomedical subjects

R W Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to R W Taylor.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ethnic differences in perinatal mortality--a challenge.

The perinatal mortality rates of mothers who delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital from 1969 to 1976 have been examined. The rate in the West Indian population was significant higher than in the United Kingdom white population. The increased West Indian mortality was confined to infants with a birth weight of more than 2.0 kg and a gestational age of more than 37 weeks. The relative risk of perinatal death for West Indian mothers compared with UK white mothers was 1.4 at birth weights of 2.5 kg to 2.9 kg, rising to 4.3 at 4.0 + kg. West Indian perinatal mortality in term babies of normal birth weight was higher in all maternal age and parity groups except parity 3, but the difference was greatest in women aged 30 or over. The African perinatal mortality rate was not significantly greater than the UK white rate although it followed the West Indian trends. Pre-eclampsia and forceps delivery were associated with a greatly increased perinatal mortality in West Indian babies. The excess West Indian mortality could not be explained completely by differences in the proportions of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths nor by the distribution of births by parity, maternal age, or social class. Possible explanations for the differences in mortality are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

Correlations between progesterone, oestradiol and aldosterone levels in the premenstrual syndrome.

Levels of progesterone, oestradiol and aldosterone in the plasma of twenty women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were measured by radioimmunoassay and the results were compared with those from a control series of ten normal volunteers. All the PMS patients were apparently ovulatory but the pooled progesterone values from days --9 to --5 premenstrually were significantly lower than the control values (P less than 0.05). The oestradiol levels in the PMS patients were higher than in control subjects over the last 4 days of the cycle (P less than 0.01). There was no significance in aldosterone levels between the PMS and control groups. The relevance of these results to the aetiology of PMS is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cation transport and specificity of ionomycin. Comparison with ionophore A23187 in rat liver mitochondria.

Based on the effects of ionomycin upon mitochondrial respiration, ionomycin was shown to be an effective ionophore for Ca2+ in rat liver mitochondria. The ionomycin-induced efflux of Ca2+ across the inner membrane was more sensitive to loading the mitochondria with Ca2+ than was efflux catalyzed by A23187. At saturating concentrations of Ca2+, the turnover number for ionomycin was 3- to 5-fold greater than that of A23187. Ionomycin catalyzed the efflux of mitochondrial Mg2+ at rates comparable to those observed with A23187. Ionomycin also mediated an efflux of K+ provided that the mitochondria were depleted of their endogenous divalent metal ions. The apparent turnover numbers for K+ efflux suggest that ionomycin is more specific for divalent metal ions than A23187.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Female sex hormone receptors and their importance in clinical practice.

We now know a great deal about the early steps in the induction of a steroid hormone response at the cellular level. This helps to explain some of the observed clinical responses and also the development of some congenital anomalies. The importance of progesterone as a balance to the proliferative effects of extrogen both in hormone replacement therapy and in the hormone-sensitive tumors is clear. It is hoped that further studies will guide us to ways in which we might enhance these benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Albuterol and isoproterenol in bronchial asthma. Efficacy and toxicity of drugs administered via intermittent positive pressure breathing.

This study compared the efficacy and side effects of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg of albuterol and isoproterenol hydrochloride administered by intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) to 12 patients with reversible airway obstruction. Equal doses of the two medications induced similar peak increases in pulmonary function, but the increase following albuterol persisted longer. The degree of bronchodilation was impressive; 15 mg of albuterol induced a mean increase over six hours of 82% in the forced expiratory volume in one second. Significant cardiovascular side effects were more common after isoproterenol than after albuterol. Albuterol is superior to isoproterenol as a bronchodilator when administered by IPPB because, for a given peak bronchodilation, cardiovascular side effects are fewer and bronchodilation persists longer with albuterol. The optimal dose of isoproterenol hydrochloride is 2.5 to 5.0 mg and the optimal dose of albuterol is 10 mg when these drugs are given by IPPB.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Normal human endometrium in cell culture. I. Separation and characterization of epithelial and stromal components in vitro.

Separation of human endometrium into its epithelial and stromal components has been achieved through collagenase digestion and has permitted a study of these two cell populations under specific experimental culture conditions. The stromal cell populations showed a progesterone response, were easily handled in culture, and displayed a limited in vitro life span typical of human diploid fibroblasts. In contrast, epithelium only survived in short-term primary culture and showed no clear hormone response. High-density epithelial cultures remained viable for longer periods in culture. Comparisons between resurfacing endometrial epithelial cells in vivo and epithelial cells migrating from explants in vitro suggested that this initial epithelial migration in vitro was the counterpart of the repair response in vivo.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1978

Integration of general-practitioner and specialist antenatal care.

Despite the growing role of specialist obstetricians in intranatal care the importance of the general practitioner's role, especially in antenatal and postnatal care, is being increasingly recognized. We describe a new way of sharing care which involves the consultant obstetrician attending antenatal sessions at fortnightly intervals in the practice. In addition the antenatal record is retained by the patient herself who brings it to all attendances, both in the practice and at the hospital.We analysed the results of this arrangement and compared them with a controlled series of hospital patients and found some advantages for shared care arrangements including, in particular, a reduction in the number of different doctors seen by patients, a big reduction in the number of patients who were seen by more than three doctors, and an increase in the breast feeding rate at the time of discharge from hospital.

Family Practice↗