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Biomedical subjects

R W Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to R W Taylor.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Dermatomyositis presenting with Ludwig's angina.

An interesting case of a patient with dermatomyositis and a superimposed Ludwig's angina is presented. Dermatomyositis is a disease that is poorly understood and has many presenting characteristics similar to facial cellulitis and infection. In the present case the rapid progression of the clinical course necessitated prompt intervention. It was virtually impossible to differentiate between signs of dermatomyositis and an infectious process. No clear cause of the facial swelling was determined, but it was presumably from an ulcerative lesion in the floor of the mouth.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Preexisting medical problems in the trauma patient: do they matter?

The answer to the question posed by the title of this chapter (preexisting medical problems in the trauma patient: do they matter?) has by now become obvious. The type and severity of the initial injury are the major determinants of outcome. Trauma prevention is therefore a compelling social goal. Skillful and timely resuscitation efforts favorably affect survival statistics. Even though detailed outcome data do not yet exist in all areas regarding pre-existing illness, it is clear that underlying disease may directly cause trauma, may necessitate modification in trauma management, and may even adversely effect the health-care providers themselves.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix: treatment and results.

Between 1972 and 1983, 49 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix were treated in four ways: (i) radiotherapy alone, (ii) pre- or postoperative radiotherapy and a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, (iii) Wertheim's hysterectomy, and (iv) pre- or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy and Wertheim's hysterectomy. The 5-year survival results for patients with FIGO Stage I disease was 90%; with Stage II disease 60%; with Stage III disease 11% and none survived with Stage IV disease. All the patients, except one (Stage III), with well-differentiated tumours are alive and disease-free, irrespective of the type of treatment they received whereas only one patient out of the 13 who had poorly differentiated tumour is alive and disease-free. Three patients had bowel damage, one after radiotherapy alone and two after Wertheim's hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. No major surgical complications occurred in this series.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome.

A case of a 72-year-old male with a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava causing Budd-Chiari syndrome is described. Percutaneous decompression of the portal system was attempted but with no success. At autopsy, a large tumor arising from and completely obstructing the inferior vena cava was found, histologically proven to be a leiomyosarcoma. Over 50 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava have been reported in the literature, the majority of which occurred in women and 1/3 of which were associated with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Histologically up to two mitotic figures per 10 high power fields have been scored. This case indicates the unreliability of a low mitotic index as an indicator of benign behavior of smooth muscle neoplasms of the venous system.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Factors that influence minority dental students' career plans.

Questionnaires were mailed to all 443 minority senior dental students and to a randomly selected control group of 200 nonminority seniors. Questions were asked about background income, debt, and future plans. Minorities reported lower family income, but similar debt levels. Minorities were more likely to locate in a minority community, less likely to enter solo practice. About one-third of each group stated that debt influenced practice plans. However, only the minority plans appeared to vary with debt: as debt increased, minorities were less likely to plan a solo private practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Routine hysteroscopy for patients with a high risk of uterine malignancy.

Seventy patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding were examined with a Storz hysteroscope. The examination took an average of only 5 min. Sixty patients had the examination under general anaesthesia, five under paracervical block and five had no form of anaesthesia. All tolerated the procedure well. There were no complications directly related to the hysteroscopic examination. There was complete correlation between the histology of the endometrium obtained at subsequent curettage and the hysteroscopic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of membrane association on the stability of complexes between ionophore A23187 and monovalent cations.

The monovalent cation complexation properties of ionophore A23187 in methanol-water (65-95% w/w) and bound to unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) are contrasted. In both solution and vesicle-containing systems, 1:1 complexes between the ionophore and Li+ or Na+ predominate. The analogous complexes with K+, Rb+, and Cs+, which exist in methanol, are not detected on DMPC vesicles by changes in the absorption or fluorescence emission spectra of the ionophore. In solution, the logarithms of stability constants (log KMA) for both the LiA and NaA complexes increase by 1.5 units over the range of solvent polarity encompassed by 65% methanol-water to methanol. Selectivity for Li+ vs. Na+ is constant at a ratio of 5 in these solutions. On DMPC vesicles, selectivity for Li+ vs. Na+ is improved 15-fold with log KbLiA (3.23 +/- 0.03, T = 25 degrees C, mu = 0.05 M) being comparable to the value obtained in 80% methanol-water. In the latter solvent, increasing ionic strength (0.005-0.085 M) has little effect on log KLiA or log KHA but increases these constants by 0.4-0.5 unit in the DMPC vesicle system. Transition from the vesicle liquid-crystalline to gel-phase state reduces log KbLiA and log KbNaA by approximately 0.6 unit but has no effect on log KbHA. Thermodynamic parameters for formation of HA, LiA, and NaA in 80% methanol-water and on DMPC vesicles are reported. Analysis of these data and related considerations suggests that differences in the membrane interaction energies of particular ionophore species dominate in establishing the observed difference in complexation properties between the solution and vesicle-containing systems.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1985

Histochemical studies with a monoclonal antibody raised against a partially purified soluble estradiol receptor preparation from human myometrium.

A monoclonal antibody (D5) raised against affinity-purified cytosol estradiol receptor (REC) from human myometrium has been used to stain human tissues by means of an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Good staining was obtained with ethanol-, glutaraldehyde-, or Carnoy's-fixed material but not with formalin or Bouin's fixation. Cytoplasmic staining of human breast tumors exhibited a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) with REC assayed by conventional estradiol-binding assay provided that allowance was made for both staining intensity and cellularity of the tumor; no correlation existed with soluble progesterone receptor content. Both patient age and tumor differentiation influenced staining patterns in the same way as did REC content. Cultured REC-positive human breast tumor cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75-1, and CA-2) showed positive staining as did cultured epithelium from human milk. Epithelia in normal breast and fibroadenoma exhibited variable staining that rarely reached the intensity seen in REC-positive tumor cells. The staining patterns of human normal endometrium, myometrium, fallopian tube, ectocervix, endocervix, and ovary and neoplastic endometrium and ovary are described. In every situation thus far examined only cytoplasmic staining has been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Foreign-body pneumonitis associated with tracheostomy.

Foreign-body aspiration in adults is usually associated with asphyxiation after aspiration of food particles. The present report documents a case of foreign-body aspiration that resulted from poor tracheostomy care in an alcoholic patient, and caused fulminant pneumonitis.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1983

Society of Critical Care Medicine Critical Care Self-Assessment Program III.

Critical Care Medicine encompasses an extremely broad scope. Examination questions were, therefore, chosen to cover a wide variety of critical care topics. A near Gaussian distribution of scores was found for all physician groups studied. We believe the low mean score of 15% reflects the general difficulty of the examination as well as the tendency of many critical care practitioners to master knowledge poorly outside his or her primary specialty. Hopefully, this examination with rationales and references will expose the practitioner to topics and literature with which he or she has not been previously familiar. Only by integrating knowledge from each of the primary specialities can the practitioner provide optimal care for the critically ill. It is our hope that this examination represents a positive learning experience for its past and future participants. If we have stimulated thought, discussion, and further study in the area of critical care medicine, then our efforts in the preparation of this program have been worthwhile.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A model for assessing and improving drug abuse treatment resource use in inner-city areas.

While the field of drug use research has grown increasingly sophisticated theoretically and methodologically, there continues to be a need to improve our understanding of how drug abuse treatment programs relate to the communities they serve. In addressing this need, the present paper develops a research model, incorporating systems theory concepts, which provides a framework for evaluating how the relationships of drug abuse treatment programs to various consumer and community interest groups affect their performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Simple biochemical method to assess progestin effects on human endometrial DNA synthesis and its application to endometrial carcinoma.

Endometria of normal histology from postmenopausal women receiving either estrogen or estrogen plus a progestin have been analyzed for nuclear estradiol receptor, epithelial DNA synthesis, isocitric dehydrogenase, and estradiol dehydrogenase activities. Epithelial DNA synthesis correlated positively with nuclear estradiol receptor and negatively with both the dehydrogenases; this result was obtained regardless of whether the enzyme activity was related to the protein or DNA content of the samples. Thus, either of the dehydrogenases might provide an index of progestin effects on proliferative activity in endometrial carcinomata. Provera administered in vivo had no effect on either dehydrogenase activity in soluble estradiol receptor-poor carcinomata, whereas both dehydrogenase activities were high in some but not all soluble estradiol receptor-rich tumors. The enzyme activities in Provera-treated tumors have been compared with those in normal epithelium and endometrium from postmenopausal women taking estrogen plus progestin. The activities of both dehydrogenases were lower in soluble estradiol receptor-rich carcinomata than in either endometrium or epithelium from estrogen plus progestin-primed, normal postmenopausal women. This may indicate suboptimal progestin effects in the patients with carcinoma, and potential reasons for this are discussed.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1982

Acid-base properties of ionophore A23187 in methanol-water solutions and bound to unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine.

The acid-base properties of ionophore A23187 in methanol-water solutions (0--95% w/w) and bound to unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine were examined by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the spectral properties for the acidic and basic forms were defined under these conditions. Standard mixed-solvent buffers were employed to calibrate pH measurement in the methanol-water solvents. In 65% methanol-water, two protonation equilibria were observed, the most basic of which displayed a value for the logarithm of the protonation constant (log KH) of 7.19 +/- 0.05 at 25 degrees C and 0.05 M ionic strength. Instability of A23187 was encountered below pH approximately 4; however, decomposition was slow enough to allow log KH for the more acidic equilibrium to be estimated as 1.28. Comparison of these results to those obtained with the methyl ester of A23187 (log KH = 1.32) and literature values for other model compounds allowed assignment of the more basic equilibrium to the carboxylic acid moiety and the more acidic one to the N-methylamino substituent of the benzoxazole ring. log KH of the carboxylic acid increased from 5.69 +/- 0.05 to 9.37 +/- 0.05 over the range of solvent polarity encompassed by water to 95% methanol-water. Values for the ground state (absorption) and first excited state (fluorescence) were equal within experimental error. The logarithm of the protonation constant for the membrane-bound ionophore, measured under conditions where the surface potential generated by ionization did not significantly alter the equilibrium, was found to be 7.85 +/- 0.05 at 25 degrees C and at ionic strength of 0.05 M in the aqueous phase. The value agrees with that observed in 80% methanol-water, as does the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission for the membrane-bound free acid. An interfacial location for the monoprotonated form of the benzoxazolate moiety is proposed, both above and below the membrane phase transition temperature. The location of other regions of the A23187 molecule could not be assessed from these data.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗