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Biomedical subjects

R W Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to R W Lewis.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Blood transfusion complications: leukoagglutinin reactions.

Blood transfusions performed earlier in the 20th century were often accompanied by significant complications. Today, with an increased knowledge of blood type compatibility, the majority of risks have been eliminated. However, hazards still remain. The authors report on a potentially fatal pulmonary disorder caused by transfusions involving leukoagglutinins. This phenomenon apparently occurs with an increased risk in parous women and patients who have had multiple transfusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Testicular blood flow in monkeys as measured by xenon clearance and radioactive microspheres.

Testicular blood flow was measured in monkeys using a 133xenon clearance technique and a 141cerium microsphere entrapment technique. The clearance procedure provided values that tended to be lower than those obtained using the microspheres, was technically less difficult, and has the advantage of being a clinical tool. The microsphere entrapment technique provides the simultaneous evaluations in numerous tissue sites but requires the removal of the tissues to be evaluated. The xenon clearance technique appears to be better suited for evaluations in nonhuman primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The results of epididymal ablation by sclerosing agents in the nonhuman primate.

The purpose of this 6-month study was to see whether azoospermia could be produced by injection of sclerosing agents into the cauda epididymides. Three groups of monkeys had bilateral cauda epididymides injections with (1) 0.5 ml of 4% formalin in glycerol, (2) 0.5 ml of methylcyanoacrylate (MCA), or (3) 100 mg of quinacrine hydrochloride in 2 ml of saline. Failure rates were very high in the formalin and quinacrine groups (60% and 75%, respectively). Three animals given quinacrine died unexpectedly. In the MCA group the failure rate was 40%. Local tissue reaction to the sclerosing agent was minimal with MCA, compared with the other two agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunology of pyelonephritis in the primate model. VI. Effect of complement depletion.

The inflammatory response has been shown to be responsible for the renal damage from bacterial infection. Phagocytic events are responsible for damage to the host as well as the pathogen. In this study we evaluated the effect of complement depletion, in an attempt to decrease chemotaxis and opsonization and thus decrease phagocytosis. Acute renal damage was decreased from both a decrease in inflammatory cells and phagocytic events in the areas of bacterial inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of intratracheally-administered imipramine on the rat lung.

The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine was instilled directly onto the lung surface of experimental rats in specific low doses (0.025 - 0.60 mg/kg body weight) and the animals were sacrificed at time intervals from 2 - 21 days after a single instillation. Such treatment caused changes almost exclusively confined to the alveolar surface. Alterations were induced in the free cell numbers and lung lavage protein levels while alveolar lipid and pulmonary surfactant levels were elevated. All such changes could be considered indicative of a mild toxic reaction. Imipramine at these low dose levels appeared specific in its effect in promoting surfactant accumulation in the absence of other toxic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic effects on the lung, liver and brain following ingestion of imipramine and chlorpromazine by the rat.

Rats were exposed to imipramine and chlorpromazine (2.0 and 15.0 mg/kg body weight/day) by inclusion in drinking water for a period of 15 weeks. Generalised metabolic alterations were seen to occur after such treatment. The rate of weight gain of experimental animals after treatment with both agents was found to be significantly reduced and dose-related. An accumulation of total lipid was found at the lung surface without any significant increase in the levels of purified pulmonary surfactant. Drug-induced changes in DNA and phosphatidylcholine metabolism were also noted in lung, liver and brain tissue. The effects of both drugs were generally similar, although the largest quantitative changes were seen after chlorpromazine treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biochemistry of the nonhuman primate prostate and seminal vesicles. I. Some chemical parameters.

Normative biochemical values for cranial prostate, caudal prostate, and seminal vesicles were obtained in four macaque species and in baboons, with a view to chemical comparison of the cranial lobe with the other two tissues. The cranial prostatic lobe and the seminal vesicles were both significantly different from the caudal prostate in prostatic acid phosphatase activity. However, citric acid and lactate dehydrogenase in the cranial lobe were comparable to concentrations in the caudal lobe and significantly different from the seminal vesicles. Dihydrotestosterone was higher in content than testosterone in all tissues of each species examined. The nonhuman primate cranial lobe seems to be a link between the seminal vesicles and the caudal prostate.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Effect of selected six-mercaptopurine metallo-complexes on adenosine deaminase activity in rat tissues.

Six-mercaptopurine was compared with its palladium and its bismuth complexes with regard to its effects upon the activity of adenosine deaminase (E.C.3.5.4.4.) in rat tissues. Spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatography analyses were utilized in the determinations of enzyme activity. No effect upon enzyme activity was seen to result from treatment with any of the complexes.

Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1982

Aid to accurate clinical staging-histopathologic grading in prostatic cancer.

Recently, pathologic staging systems have been used to aid in accurate clinical assignment of prostatic disease. With this in mind, we reviewed retrospectively 130 patients who were diagnosed as having prostatic cancer either by needle biopsy or by study of transurethral resection chips. These specimens were graded by the Gleason and Roswell Park histopathologic grading systems. Grading was done by 2 pathologists independently and without knowledge of the results of final surgical staging. All patients were without evidence of metastases by standard diagnostic studies, and all underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy if nodes were grossly negative. The surgical specimens were examined and the final clinical stage was correlated with the histopathologic grading. Independently, the Gleason rather than the Roswell Park system was slightly more accurate and was a more reliable predictor of the surgical stage of the disease. Of the patients with a Gleason sum of 7 or above 86 per cent had at least stage C disease, whereas the disease had been staged preoperatively as A or B. All patients with a Gleason sum of 2 to 5 had stage A or B disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Immunology of pyelonephritis in the primate model. V. Effect of superoxide dismutase.

Ascending acute pyelonephritis was produced in monkeys by infusion of bacteria through a ureteral catheter to the point of intrarenal reflux. This led to a significant inflammatory response with death of renal tubular cells in the area of the tubular granulocytes and bacteria. We gave superoxide dismutase, and found that the inflammatory response was decreased and fewer tubular cells were killed. Ultrastructural change was also decreased in tubular cells adjoining phagocytosing neutrophils. This suggests that renal damage following a bacterial infection may be due to the production and release of superoxide into the tubular lumen during phagocytosis. We believe that it is the initial event which may lead to the eventual loss of renal tissue and function called chronic pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The prostate of the nonhuman primate: normal anatomy and pathology.

The caudal and cranial prostate of different species of nonhuman primates were examined for histologic characteristics and pathological abnormalities. One hundred specimens from 12 species were represented. Among the pathologies found were: 1) cystic hyperplasia; 2) fibromuscular hyperplasia; 3) squamous metaplasia; 4) chronic and acute bacterial prostatitis; 5) prostate adenocarcinoma; and 6) other miscellaneous pathologic changes. A historical review of histological characteristics and pathological abnormalities of the nonhuman primate prostate is given. Based upon findings in this study, anatomical similarity of the caudal lobe of the prostate to the peripheral zone of the prostate in humans as described by McNeal is found. In the patas monkey the relationship of the cranial and caudal lobe suggests strongly the relationship seen between the central and peripheral zones in man. The case of prostatic adenocarcinoma described has only been reported in one other nonhuman primate.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Congenital absence of penis.

A case of penile agenesis with dysplastic horseshoe kidney, bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and aganglionic megacolon is presented. Embryologic and practical considerations are discussed. We believe this to be the only known case of this congenital anomaly associated with body segmental renal dysplasia and aganglionic megacolon.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Molar lactate in the management of uric acid renal obstruction.

A method for rapid alkalization of urine using parenteral 1/6 molar sodium lactate is presented in a series of patients with uric acid nephropathy and/or obstruction due to uric acid calculi. An operation was not necessary in any of these patients because of rapid relief of obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The renal quantitative scintillation camera study for determination of renal function after anatrophic nephrolithotomy.

The effect of hypothermic anatrophic nephrolithotomy was evaluated in 13 patients by comparing preoperative and postoperative renal quantitative scintillation camera studies. Total renal function as measured by effective renal plasma flow remained normal postoperatively. However, the operated kidney had a significant loss of function with a proportionate compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. This finding explains the normal total renal function, the good end results of the operation being stable renal function if stones do not recur.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1981

Modified Pereyra procedure for stress incontinence.

Results of the modified Pereyra cystourethropexy for stress incontinence are presented. The technique prevents a suprapubic suture from entering the bladder because of a vaginal approach into the space of Retzius. The surgeon's vaginal finger guides the suprapubic needle as it passes through the rectus. Thus, a non-absorbable suture may be used and the urogenital diaphragm is brought superiorly to raise and to support the floor of the pelvis. Results are continence in 97 to 100 per cent of 30 women.

Adult↗