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Biomedical subjects

R W Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to R W Johnson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A prospective study of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus disease in renal transplant recipients.

A prospective study of 84 renal graft recipients demonstrated cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after transplantation in 37% of patients. Reactivation infection was found in 20 of 44 patients (46%) who were seropositive for CMV prior to transplant and primary CMV disease occurred in 11 of 40 (28%) initially seronegative patients. Nearly all cases of primary disease (91%) were associated with symptoms and in these cases CMV was probably acquired via the donated kidneys. Only 35% of the reactivation infections were associated with clinical symptoms. Actuarial life tables indicated that CMV disease did not reduce the length of graft survival. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections were diagnosed in 44 (52%) of the patients and included a fatal case of disseminated disease associated with hepatitis.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1981

Matching for properdin factor B (Bf) in renal transplantation.

Forty-five donor and recipient primary cadaveric kidney transplant pairs were phenotyped for the properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism. Graft survival was analyzed on the basis of Bf matching between donor and recipient. Patients receiving a Bf-identical kidney had significantly better graft survival than those receiving a Bf-incompatible kidney (P = 0.045). It is postulated that Bf, which maps in the major histocompatibility system, is a marker for genes of importance in kidney transplant survival.

Complement Factor B↗
PubMed1981

Temporal analysis of nocturnal bruxism during EMG feedback.

Several studies have demonstrated that nocturnal bruxism and related symptoms can be relieved through nocturnal electromyogram (EMG) feedback. The effects, however, are not always long lasting and the mechanism of suppression is not understood. It was the object of this study to examine more closely the manner in which nocturnal feedback works in suppressing bruxism. Chart recordings were made of nocturnal masseter EMG activity in five bruxism subjects. Baseline recordings were made in the subject's home followed by 10 or more nights of feedback treatment. Treatment involved sounding a 300 mW tone when EMG activity exceeded about 20 micro V for more than 1 second. All subjects showed a decrease in the duration of bruxism. The decrease in bruxism was due to a reduction in the duration of bruxism episodes rather than a change in the number of episodes, i.e. rather than reducing the probability of an event starting, nocturnal feedback appears to simply suppress the activity once it is initiated. This provides little evidence of learning.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Reduction of post-transplant proteinuria due to recurrent mesangial proliferative (IgM) glomerulonephritis following plasma exchange.

A patient developed recurrent IgM proliferative glomerulonephritis and a nephrotic syndrome following HLA-identical living donor renal transplantation. Two intensive five-day courses of plasma exchange were followed by sustained reduction of proteinuria. Renal function has remained normal at all times. Immune complex sizing revealed a high titer of middle range complexes (mol. wt. 1 x 10(6) daltons app.); immune complex clearance following an antigen load was not improved by plasma exchange suggesting no alteration of reticulo-endothelial function. Possible mechanisms of benefit are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of desipramine and yohimbine on alpha 2- and beta-adrenoreceptor sensitivity.

The effects of yohimbine on desipramine-induced adrenoreceptor alterations were examined in murine limbic forebrain areas. Treatment with both drugs in combination resulted in a significant decrease in [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding, which was not manifest after treatment with either drug alone. Moreover, co-administration of yohimbine was found to accelerate the time course and increase the magnitude of desipramine-induced increases in [3H]clonidine binding. The possible physiologic significance of these findings is discussed along with their pharmacologic implications.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The benzodiazepine receptor of mammalian brain.

There exists a saturable, high-affinity, stereospecific, regionally and pharmacologically specific, neuronally localized benzodiazepine receptor in mammalian brain, which has a development profile similar to other neurotransmitter receptors. This receptor appears to be modulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid and selected divalent cations, and chloride ions increase the affinity of the receptor for benzodiazepines. Several benzodiazepines were shown to bind irreversibly to the receptor upon exposure to ultraviolet light and these agents can be used to facilitate solubilization and purification of the benzodiazepine receptor. Although several substances have been suggested to be the endogenous ligand, none has achieved the acceptance given to other neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, e.g., enkephalins and endorphins.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1979

Synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyrrole analogs of lidocaine I.

The synthesis, local anesthetic, and antiarrhythmic properties of nine 2-diethylaminoacetamido-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-substituted pyrroles are described. All compounds showed local anesthetic activity by the guinea pig wheal test and antiarrhythmic activity for chloroform-induced ventricular arrhythmias in mice.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1979

Synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyrrole analogs of lidocaine II.

The synthesis and local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties of eight substituted 2-diethylaminoacetamido-3-carbamyl-4-methylpyrroles are described. Three compounds showed significant local anesthetic activity by the guinea pig wheal test, and four showed antiarrhythmic activity against chloroform-induced ventricular arrhythmias in mice.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1979

Chloroprocaine.

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Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1979

Extradural analgesia in labour. A comparison of 2-chloroprocaine hydrochloride and bupivacaine hydrochloride.

Chloroprocaine hydrochloride 2% and bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.375% in 10-ml doses of plain solutions were studied in a randomised blind manner as the agents for continuous lumbar extradural analgesia in labour. Twenty-four patients were assessed for the speed of onset, duration of action, degree of motor blockade, dermatomal spread, arterial hypotension, and the incidence of unblocked segments. Chloroprocaine showed a quicker onset time and a shorter duration of action than bupivacaine. Chloroprocaine exhibited more marked motor blockade and a lower incidence of unblocked segments. The dermatomal spread and effect on arterial pressure were similar in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Organochlorine residues in young herons from the upper Mississippi River-1976.

Chicks of great blue herons (Ardea herodias) from four heronaries located near South St. Paul, Royalton, and Wabasha, Minnesota, and La Crosse, Wisconsin, were analyzed for organochlorines, Highest mean wet-weight concentrations, 6.43 ppm PCBs. 1.31 ppm DDE, and 1.90 ppm sigma DDT, were found in the South St. Paul chicks. Among chicks from the other three heronries, most levels were similar, but were significantly lower than levels in South St. Paul chicks. Lowest mean organochlorine levels, 0.37 ppm DDE, 0.38 ppm sigma DDT, and 0.22 ppm PCBs, were found in chicks from Royalton. All birds from South St. Paul and La Crosse contained residues of DDT and TDE whereas only one of the 10 birds from Royalton contained DDT and one contained TDE residues. Five of the 12 birds from Wabasha contained DDT; eight contained TDE. Except for PCB residues in La Crosse heron chicks, the rate of organochlorine residue accumulation in the birds was generally less than the rate of dilution caused by growth.

Animals↗