The implant decision.
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Attitude to Health↗
Biomedical subjects
R Voss
Publications and source records attributed to R Voss.
Background allelic variants in normal hemopoietic cells and Bloom's syndrome erythrocytes and the possible implication of somatic crossingover.
The existence of rare cells with blood group A or B phenotype among the red cells of AB heterozygotes is a well-known phenomenon. However, its origin remains unclear due to methodological problems. A direct quantitation of non-B and non-A erythrocytes in A1B donors revealed minor populations of only-A and only-B cells, respectively, both in a frequency of 10(-3). Null cells comprise, at the most, a fraction of about 5 X 10(5). In order to discriminate between somatic crossingover (SCO) and gene inactivation as the underlying mechanism, three individuals were selected who were double heterozygotes for the blood group (AB) and the linked locus of adenylate kinase (AK-2-1). Separation of cells with A or B phenotypes did not result in cosegregation of the AK isoenzymes. Thus, the variant blood group phenotypes represent the normal frequency of allelic silence, not the product of SCO. This sets a background variant level for the estimation of somatic recombination in blood cells from normal donors. Determination of variant phenotypes in a Bloom's syndrome patient, heterozygous for AB, gave a frequency six times higher than the value of normals. It is suggested that this elevated figure might indicate the frequency of SCO, which is known to be higher in Bloom's syndrome.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
The importance of consistency in the classification of malignant tumours, illustrated by oral cancer material.
To evaluate the best treatment for the cancer patient, comparisons are often made between groups who have received different therapy. Such studies may be carried out within one hospital, but results from several hospitals may also be compared. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the groups/materials are selected according to the same criteria and classified and analysed by the same system and methods respectively. To illustrate this point, 125 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were classified according to two different systems, i.e. TNM 1973 and TNM 1978, but otherwise the material was similarly analyzed. The survival curves for stage I, II, III and IV78 were quite different from the corresponding curves of the 1973 system. The universal use of a simple, consistent classification system is recommended, and the effort to develop and improve the TNM system should continue.
Adult↗
Meiotic association between the XY chromosomes and unpaired autosomal elements as a cause of human male sterility.
Intimate association between autosomal translocation trivalents and XY bivalents at pachytene was observed in a majority of cells of two men ascertained through primary sterility and found to be heterozygous for a 14;21 Robertsonian translocation. The association, studied by light and electron microscopy of spread first spermatocytes, was between the unpaired short arms of the normal chromosomes of the translocation trivalent and the differential axes of the XY chromosomes. In a minority of cells, this contact was not established, or not maintained, as alternative combinations between the elements available for non-homologous pairing were realized. Following a suggestion of Lifschytz and Lindsley (1972), sterility in these patients was attributed to spermatogenic arrest caused by physical contact of sex chromosomes with autosomal material and consequent interference with the normal metabolism of the sex chromosomes. Autosomal aberrations and polymorphisms, which lead to the presence of unpaired segments at meiosis, may thus play a critical role in a general mechanism of chromosomally-derived male sterility. It is proposed that such a mechanism may also be instrumental in the initiation of reproductive barriers in nature.
Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
A new human ovarian carcinoma cell line: establishment and analysis of tumor-associated markers.
In the present study we describe the establishment and characteristics of a new human tumor cell line (OV-1063) positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) originating from ovarian metastatic tumor cells. Analysis of the cultured cells during their in vitro adaptation period revealed while the primary culture exhibited a low proportion of CEA-positive cells, this proportion increased with culture passages and eventually more than 90% of the cells in the established line were CEA-positive. Thus, during the period of adaptation to in vitro growth, a selection for CEA-positive cells took place but the amount of CEA secreted per each positive cell seemed to be constant. Several tumor-associated characteristics were found positive on the established OV-1063 cell line. The in vitro growing cell line exhibited an abnormal chromosome pattern with a near-trisomy karyotype for some chromosomes, colony formation in soft agar as well as positive staining with a monoclonal antibody B38.1. Culture supernatants of the OV-1063 cells contained significant amounts of CEA as well as CA-125 antigen which is an ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigen.
Agar↗
Organ distribution of aluminium in uremic rats: influence of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Investigations were performed in order to see whether or not the application of parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or both might influence the organ distribution of orally and parentally administered aluminium in control and uremic rats. The data show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affects the organ uptake in a different way than parathyroid hormone. Whereas parathyroid hormone increased the aluminium concentration in the liver, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced the aluminium uptake in the heart and the muscle, on the other hand, simultaneous application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone decreased the aluminium content of the bone, liver and brain.
Aluminum↗
Penicillin G inhibits granulocyte aggregation in vitro.
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Cell Aggregation↗
A complex three way translocation resulting in two sibs with partial trisomy 3p23----3pter.
A male infant with multiple congenital anomalies and psychomotor retardation was found to have a translocation resulting in partial trisomy for the distal part of chromosome 3p. An older sister with similar clinical findings had an identical karyotype. Chromosome studies in the phenotypically normal parents revealed a balanced translocation in the mother involving chromosomes 3, 11, and 18. An identical translocation was found in one of the normal children.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Establishment of cell lines from somatic cell hybrids between human monocytes and mouse myeloma cells.
To study human monocyte functions, we attempted to immortalize human monocytes by producing somatic cell hybrids between such monocytes and the mouse myeloma cell line NSI. In this study we report the successful establishment of eight hybrid cell lines that have been grown in culture for more than a year, and some of them retained part of the human chromosome complement, as well as monocyte markers and activities. Karyotype analysis of these hybrid lines revealed that cells of seven out of eight of the lines contained one to 16 human chromosomes and in four of them, more than nine human chromosomes were observed. Several of the cell lines expressed monocytic markers and functions. Thus, in two of the hybrid lines nonspecific esterase could be demonstrated in 10 to 29% of the cells, and Fc receptors were demonstrated in three of the hybrid cell lines. Significant levels of human ferritin were detected in one of the lines, and two other cell lines secreted interleukin 1-like substance into the culture medium. These results encourage us to use human-mouse somatic cell hybridization as an approach for the establishment of human monocyte cell lines, which will preserve their functions and produce monocyte-derived factors.
Animals↗
Single-copy DNA sequences specific for the human Y chromosome.
Detailed studies of the role of the mammalian Y chromosome in primary sex determination are limited by the lack of available specific markers and by the fragmentary knowledge of its molecular organization. Y-derived unique DNA sequences could provide powerful analytical tools to probe directly the structure of the Y chromosome and provide a means of searching for specific expressed sequences. We report here the construction of a partial cosmid library of the human Y chromosome. From independent clones we have isolated 30 unrelated DNA probes that are free of highly repetitive sequences, and have examined their reaction pattern on male and female genomic blots. Of the 30 probes tested, six were specific for the Y chromosome. In addition, four probes gave a male-female differential hybridization pattern and the remaining 20, although Y-derived, reacted similarly with both male and female DNA.
Base Sequence↗
Prostacyclin-formation by the rabbit aorta: relation to atherosclerosis.
The Prostacyclin (PGI2)-formation of the aortic vessel wall of normal and of atherosclerotic rabbits was measured by punching out and incubating small pieces of the vessel wall. In atherosclerotic rabbits the pieces taken from plaques produced more PGI2 than pieces taken from normal areas nearby. In addition, distinct differences were seen between different regions of the aorta. An investigation in normal rabbits of the regional distribution of the PGI2-producing capacity between the aortic valve and the bifurcation showed the highest production at places where the earliest and most severe atherosclerotic changes were observed in the atherosclerotic animals.
Animals↗
Concomitant transverse growth of the maxillary base and dental arch in experimental submucous mid-palatal clefts. A biometrical study in the domestic cat.
To obtain information on correlated growth of the maxillary base and dental arch in submucous mid-palatal clefts, such clefts were surgically created in 18 domestic cats. The growth ratios of the dento-maxillary complex were then compared with corresponding parameters in 18 unoperated controls. When fully grown, the operated cats had developed a significant hypoplasia of the maxillary base. Also the upper dental arch in these cats showed a slight reduction in width, but significantly so only in the posterior region. The results obtained seemed to demonstrate a mutual dependence in growth of these two parts of the dento-maxillary complex, but to a limited degree. Whereas the maxillary base was significantly influenced by the altered morphology in the mid-palatal area, the dental arch growth and its final dimension seemed to be more responsive to compensatory mechanisms.
Animals↗
Secondary leukemia following treatment of Hodgkin's disease: ultrastructural and cytogenetic data in two cases with a review of the literature.
Two cases of secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developing after combined chemo-radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are reported. The first case was a 28-year-old woman with PSIIIsA HD, treated with total lymphoid irradiation followed by combination chemotherapy that was almost entirely ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), who developed acute monoblastic leukemia three years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. We believe this to be the first reported case of secondary leukemia associated with the combination of radiotherapy and ABVD chemotherapy. The second case was a 37-year-old man with Stage IVB Hodgkin's disease, treated with radiotherapy and MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia five years after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Both cases showed typical changes of panmyelosis demonstrated by cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. In both cases, bone marrow cells had a dominant clone with a markedly abnormal karyotype. The nature of therapy-related secondary leukemia after Hodgkin's disease and its relationship to current modes of treatment are discussed.
Adult↗
A temperature sensitive mutant of a Chinese hamster cell line exhibiting high chromosomal breakage.
A temperature sensitive mutant exhibiting a very high level of chromosomal aberrations has been isolated from the Chinese hamster cell line E36. The chromosome aberrations, which include chromosome and chromatid breaks, multiradial configurations, dicentrics, and pulverizations, start to appear 1 h after a shift in temperature from 34 degrees C to 40.5 degrees C. The rate of sister chromatid exchange is not increased in this mutant. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids indicates that the mutation in this temperature sensitive mutant is dominant.
Animals↗
Reduced fertilization ability of zona-free hamster ova by spermatozoa from male partners of normal infertile couples.
Zona-free hamster ova were used as a penetration test system for human semen obtained from male members of infertile couples. Forty semen samples from normal infertile couples were tested and compared with penetration rates obtained with control semen samples from fertile donors. Normal penetration rates ranged between 20-100%. Out of the 40 tested males, 11 were found to have penetration rates below 10%, two had between 11 and 19%, and in the remaining 27, the rate was above 20%. Three women, whose husbands were found to be in the first group (penetration rate below 10%), conceived after artificial donor insemination within three months of treatment. Thus, the use of the human-hamster ova penetration test should be used as an additional tool in diagnosis of infertility.
Adult↗
Increased level of bleomycin-induced chromosome breakage in ataxia telangiectasia skin fibroblasts.
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which increased level of chromosome breakage and specific sensitivity to radiation and carcinogens have been reported. The effect of the radiomimetic drug bleomycin on chromosome breakage has been tested in skin fibroblasts of three patients with AT, two AT obligate heterozygotes, two normal human controls, and one normal amniotic fluid cell culture. Bleomycin in two concentrations (1 and 5 micrograms/ml) was added for 1 hr and cultures were harvested 4 hr later. A significant increase in chromosome damage was found in AT fibroblasts: a higher number of total breaks per cell, affected cells, and breaks per affected cell was found. The heterozygotes did not differ significantly from the controls. Chromosome breakage in skin fibroblasts of AT patients after bleomycin treatment has not been reported before.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Prostacyclin production and atherosclerosis of the rabbit aorta.
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Animals↗
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--legal and religious aspects in Israel, patient selection, and a modified technique for oocyte collection.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) have recently become an accepted treatment modality for patients with mechanically caused infertility. The first series admitted to our program comprised 42 patients with confirmed mechanical infertility. The method of patient selection and the techniques of laparoscopy, follicular aspiration and oocyte recovery are described. From 26 laparoscopies, a total of 39 oocytes was recovered. Normal cleavage of 10 oocytes was obtained; they were transferred into the uterus at the 4- to 16-cell stage. One pregnancy was obtained. An IVF and ET program involves certain ethical, legal and religious questions, which have special implications in Israel: foster mothers and the use of donor sperm are forbidden. Only married couples may enter the program. Indications, methods, success rates and method failure are discussed.
Embryo Transfer↗