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Biomedical subjects

R Vogel

Publications and source records attributed to R Vogel.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Amniotic fluid cholinesterase of valproate-induced exencephaly in the mouse: an animal model for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.

After a single administration of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA; i.p.:600 mg/kg) on day 8 of gestation in the mouse embryotoxicity and amniotic fluid (AF) cholinesterase (ChE) were evaluated on day 16 of gestation. VPA treatment induced an increase in embryolethality, neural tube defects (exencephaly), cleft palate, deformed vertebrae, open eyes, and a reduction in fetal weight. In VPA-exposed fetuses AF total ChE (TChE) activity of exencephalic fetuses was higher than that of normal fetuses. However, in 3 out of 110 normal fetuses of the control group TChE activity was found in the AF. There was no correlation between blood contamination of AF and its TChE activity, either in non-exencephalic control or treated embryos. Using ethopropazine as a "pseudo"-ChE inhibitor in vitro, the percentage of acetyl-ChE in blood-contaminated AF was similar to that of fetal rather than maternal serum, indicating that AF was contaminated with fetal and not with maternal blood. VPA-induced exencephaly in mice may provide an animal model to further investigate biochemical markers for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

The problem of readmission with respect to occupational factors. Course and predictive influences after 5 years.

In this study the course of Readmission after one, 2.5 and 5 years was examinated at a sample of 258 first admitted psychiatric patients of different diagnostic groups. In the analysis occupational, soziodemographic and clinical parameters of these patients were related to the readmission after 5 years and studied if these parameters allow a predictive statement. It was shown that 40%-60% (dependent of diagnoses) of the patients were readmitted in a period of 5 years. The course of the readmission also varied in the different diagnostic groups. The most striking result was the rate of readmission of the schizophrenic psychoses which was at the time of the 1 year catamnesis below average after the 2.5 year analysis however above average. Beside these findings occupational and clinical predictors were identified in all diagnostic groups with exception of the schizophrenic psychoses group. The results are discussed and attention is put on possible consequences to prevent rehospitalization.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1988

A study of the effects of four concentrations of D-timolol, 0.25% L-timolol, and placebo on intraocular pressure on patients with raised intraocular pressure.

The intraocular pressure lowering effect in 30 patients with raised intraocular pressure and open angles following a single application in a randomised double-masked fashion of four concentrations of D-timolol (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), 0.25% L-timolol, and placebo are presented. The percentage reduction in intraocular pressure after four hours following single-drop instillation range from 20% to 25% in the D-timolol group, 32% in the L-timolol group, and only 8% in the placebo group of treated eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

HLA-A11 is associated with poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

A possible association between HLA antigens, susceptibility or resistance to leukemia, and responsiveness to treatment has been studied in 144 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and compared to other prognostic factors, i.e. white blood cell (WBC) counts, age at onset, sex, ethnic origin, and cell surface markers. All sequentially newly diagnosed children (97) comprised the group for the prospective study (PSG) and were followed for 6 years. The group included 37 patients classified as T-ALL, 41 as CALLA+, 27 as NULL, 12 as B and pre-B, and 27 unclassified patients, who were diagnosed before 1980. During the follow-up period, 45 patients of the PSG died. Forty-seven patients designated long-term survivors (LTS) have been followed 6-20 years after diagnosis, having completed a 3-5 year course of anti-leukemia therapy, and having remained disease free thereafter. High WBC counts at diagnosis and T-cell-surface markers were associated with poor prognosis, as were enthnic origin and specific HLA antigens. Thus, there was one (1) a significant increase in HLA-A30 and a decrease in HLA B-14 in the PSG Jewish patients; and (2) a complete absence of HLA-ALL in LTS while, in the PSG, 8 of 9 HLA-All-positive patients died during the follow-up period. This suggests that HLA-All is associated with poor prognosis in childhood ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Outcome, course and prognosis of the vocational status of psychiatric patients hospitalized for the 1st time--results of a multiple factor study].

In the framework of a prospective longitudinal investigation, the occupational course of first-admission psychiatric patients was analyzed for the first year (1980) and the fifth (1984) post-discharge from the clinic. Findings indicate that, to quite an important degree, tendencies towards occupational disintegration had existed already immediately after the first in-patient treatment episode. This applied almost totally independent of the clinical diagnosis given at the time of the first hospitalization. Only persons with substance abuse illness had been affected clearly less often, the situation four years later being however comparable. Except for the groups of neurotic and personality disorders, the occupational situation had by then however tightened drastically for all of the diagnostic groups, a structural analysis making it clear that this development had initiated already in the course of the first year. Thus, all patients who had been without work over the entire first year of the five-year period, had already reached the "terminal point" in their employment history. As far as diagnoses are concerned, our study confirms the experience that a schizophrenic illness will by no means always entail a straight course toward an unfavourable outcome. The investigation at the same time however also indicated that non-schizophrenic illnesses take a more unfavourable course than had been expected. In relation to earlier longitudinal catamnestic studies of persons with schizophrenia, the findings for our schizophrenic patients moreover were markedly worse, this discrepancy being presumed to be accounted for by the different methods applied, different selection criteria, as well as differences in economic activity at the time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Readmission of psychiatric patients hospitalized for the first time--course and predictive factors after 5 years].

In this study the course of rehospitalisation after one, 2 1/2 and 5 years was examined in a sample of 113 readmitted patients of different diagnostic groups. In a second step of analysis occupational, sociodemographic and clinical parameters of these patients were related to the readmission after 5 years and studied if these parameters allow a predictive statement. It was shown that 40%-60% (dependent of diagnoses) of the patients were readmitted in a period of 5 years. The course of the rehospitalization also varied in the different diagnostic groups. The most striking result was the rate of readmission of the schizophrenic psychoses which was at the time of the 1 year catamnesis below average after the 2 1/2 years analysis however above average. Besides these findings occupational and clinical predictors were identified in all diagnostic groups with exception of the schizophrenic psychoses group. The results are discussed and attention is put on possible consequences to prevent rehospitalization.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1988

[Rehabilitation of pension--which course do psychiatric patients follow after their first inpatient treatment in a psychiatric hospital? Results of a prospective longitudinal study].

Placing persons having a mental illness in the open labour market has in recent years become increasingly difficult. The question therefore arises whether an attempt should be made to improve occupational access through rehabilitative measures, or whether pensioning would not be the more appropriate action. In the framework of a prospective 5-year catamnestic study of first-admission psychiatric patients, the course taken by them was investigated, as well as the factors that had been relevant in the decision to pension the patients, or to provide rehabilitative services. It was found that pensioning and rehabilitative measures differ in no essential degree as to their shares, and that both types of approach had occurred in only very few cases. Disease-specific factors (psychopathological symptoms, readmission) are suggested to be involved concerning the route taken. Pensioning on the one hand, and rehabilitation service provision on the other, are linked with the age and diagnoses of the patients, as well as the extent of their social activities.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Immunologic dysregulation in a patient with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

A 6-year-old Jewish Iranian girl with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is described. The course of the disease fluctuated with partial initial response to antibiotics, steroids, and supportive treatment. Subsequent cytotoxic treatment, including VP-16, Velban (vinblastine sulfate), and methotrexate (MTX) controlled the disease for a few months but the child died with a clinical picture of meningocephalitis 1.5 years later. Benign-looking lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with varying degrees of hemophagocytosis were present in the bone marrow, pleural effusion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), liver, and brain. Clinical and laboratory evidence of immunologic dysregulation during the disease could be demonstrated. Frequent and intense viral and bacterial infectious diseases were encountered. The laboratory examination most consistently found was the absence of natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells. The impaired activity of NK cells persisted during all stages of the disease including remission, although NK cell numbers, determined morphologically and immunophenotypically (by Leu-11, Leu-7), were normal. Natural killer activity could not be restored by interferon. Moreover, the interferon system appeared to be intact. Impaired monokin interleukin 1 (IL-I) production by peripheral blood monocytes was found and could not be restored by indomethacin. Lymphopenia, a mild decrease in T4 numbers, and subsequently, decreased proliferative response to mitogens was noted. Elevated immunoglobulin levels were found during exacerbations and viral episodes, at times accompanied by the presence of auto-antibodies. The exaggerated fatal lymphohistiocytic response typical for FHLH could be attributed to a underlying genetic pathologic dysregulation of the various immunological response pathways.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Arrangement of the disulphide bridges in human low-Mr kininogen.

The arrangement of the disulphide bridges in human low-Mr kininogen has been elucidated. Low-Mr kininogen contains 18 half-cystine residues forming nine disulphide bridges. The first and the last half-cystine residues of the amino acid sequence form a disulphide loop which spans the heavy- and the light-chain portion of the kininogen molecule. The other 16 half-cystine residues are linked consecutively to form eight loops of 4-20 amino acids; these loops are lined up in the heavy-chain portion of the kininogen molecule. In this way, a particular pattern of disulphide loops is formed which seems to be of critical importance for the inhibitor function of human kininogen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Potentiating effect of caffeine on embryotoxicity of cyclophosphamide treatment in vivo during the preimplantation period.

Since it is unknown if chemicals which are generally safe in pregnancy can potentiate the embryotoxicity of cytotoxic drugs before implantation, the combined effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA) and caffeine (CF) were studied in the mouse (day 2) with CPA at 20 mg/kg, which induces a 18% resorption rate, and CF at 100 mg/kg, which does not increase embryolethality. The embryotoxicity of CPA did not increase when CF was either given 6 h before or simultaneously with CPA on day 2. However, when CF was given 6 h after CPA, a potentiated increase of embryolethality was observed at term and of structural chromosomal aberrations in embryos even before implantation, while sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was less increased than after single CPA treatment. The results demonstrate the importance of pharmacokinetics in pregnancy even before implantation. Furthermore, since SCE may not only indicate DNA damage but also repair, the reduced SCE rate and the increase in structural chromosome aberrations suggest that CF can inhibit the repair of CPA-induced DNA damage in preimplantation embryos. Finally, for the first time the data are providing evidence that CF at subthreshold doses can potentiate the embryotoxicity of an alkylating agent in vivo even before implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and exchange aberrations by UV light and quinacrine mustard in relation to chiasma formation in a standard line and two oligochiasmatic mutants of Vicia faba L.

The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and exchange aberrations (EA) in root tip cells were compared to chiasma formation in pollen mother cells of a standard line and two oligochiasmatic lines of Vicia faba L. SCE and EA were induced by UV light and quinacrine mustard. Between the lines SCE frequencies were not different. The background level of SCE was doubled after UV irradiation and 4 times higher after exposure to quinacrine mustard in all Vicia lines analysed. However, the induced frequencies of EA were found to be different under the same treatment conditions for the standard line and the oligochiasmatic mutants. Between the frequencies of induced EA and the frequencies of chiasmata a correlation could be shown. The relationship between the formation of SCE and EA due to the reduced ability of meiotic recombination in the mutants of Vicia faba is discussed.

Crossing Over, Genetic↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced sister-chromatid exchanges in diploid and endoreduplicated tetraploid metaphases of preimplantation mouse embryos.

Endoreduplicated tetraploid metaphases could for the first time be induced in preimplantation mouse embryos by culture in the suboptimum medium MEM. In such endomitoses sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was approximately the same during the first and the second cell cycle. However, when morulae and blastocysts were cultured in the presence of cyclophosphamide metabolites SCE frequency was increased predominantly during the second cell cycle. Compared to diploid metaphases a decreased SCE frequency was found under both conditions of endomitoses induction, which may be related to DNA-repair processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Antibodies to HIV in Israeli hemophiliacs: relationship between serological profile and disease development.

We studied 66 Israeli hemophiliacs for antibodies to HIV in blood samples collected between 1978 and 1985. By May 1985, 2 had AIDS, 2 had ARC, 4 had lymphadenopathy with some immunologic dysfunction, and 58 were asymptomatic. Antibodies to HIV were detected in 40 (60.6%) patients, including all 8 with disease. Presence of HIV antibodies was significantly associated with receipt of non-heat-treated commercial factor VIII concentrates (NHT fac VIII) between 1980 and 1983. Thirty-eight of 45 (84.44%) patients treated with NHT fac VIII developed antibodies to HIV, compared to 1 of 16 (6.25%) treated with cryoprecipitates and fresh plasma only. Of 40 seropositive patients, 1 (2.5%) had antibodies by 1980, 4 (10%) by 1982, 14 (35%) by 1983, 10 (25.0%) by 1984, and 11 (27.5%) by May 1985. The decline in the rate of seroconversion can be attributed to the replacement of NHT fac VIII concentrate with heat-inactivated factor VIII (HT fac VIII) concentrate by November 1983. As of January 1984 only HT fac VIII was administered. Twenty-nine multitransfused thalassemia patients as well as 20 healthy Israeli blood donors were seronegative to HIV. All 40 (100%) seropositive hemophiliacs had antibodies to viral env gene encoded gp120/gp160 antigens. Twenty-four (60.05%) also had antibodies to viral gag gene encoded p24 and/or p55 antigens. While antibodies to gp120/160 persisted during the follow-up time, a loss of antibodies to p24/55 was observed in 5 of 16 (31.25%) seropositive patients from whom multiple samples were available. gp120/160 positive, p24/55 negative hemophiliacs had significantly lower absolute T-helper cell counts and reversed Th/Ts ratios when compared to gp120/160 p24/55 seropositive patients. Four of the 16 (25.0%) asymptomatic gp120/160 positive, p24/55 negative patients developed overt disease within 15 months of the last blood collection. The data suggest that exposure to HIV antigens is widespread among hemophiliacs in Israel, and can be attributed to receipt of NHT fac VIII concentrates prior to 1984. Antibodies to gp120/160 are of the most important diagnostic value while loss of antibodies to p24/p55 may be of prognostic value.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

Room temperature ADP induced first stage hyperaggregation of human blood platelets: a previously undescribed phenomenon and its relationship to spontaneous cold induced platelet aggregation.

ADP induced human platelet aggregation was shown to be accentuated when tested at 20-30 degrees C as increased sensitivity and as a greater change of optical density although second stage aggregation and the release reaction did not occur. This previously undescribed phenomenon is defined as room temperature ADP induced first stage hyperaggregation. Aggregation, which occurs under the above mentioned conditions with a quantity of ADP insufficient to maintain the aggregation (usually less than 1.5 micron), is reversible when the temperature is raised to 37 degrees C. After rewarming to these temperatures, second stage aggregation appeared in the presence of larger quantities of ADP (usually more than 2 microns) and could be blocked by aspirin. The absence of the release reaction was demonstrated with a lumi-aggregometer. Spontaneous cold induced platelet aggregation seen after chilling platelets to 0-4 degrees C is shown to be a distinct phenomenon.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗