Lewis rats were immunized with bee venom allergen in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or with FCA only. Animals immunized with bee venom developed specific IgG antibodies but no specific IgE antibodies were detected. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes when cultured with antigen in vitro showed an increased stimulation index from day 17 onwards. A concomitant augmentation of T suppressor cells was observed; the T helper/T suppressor cell ratio declined from 4.5:1 before immunization to 1:1 from day 5 onwards.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Diagnosis and therapy in allergic diseases].

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Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Efficacy of oral and parenteral hyposensitization with pollen extracts].

Hyposensitization was undertaken in 26 children, aged 4-15 years, with proven sensitivity to grass and wheat pollen, in some orally (ten), in others parenterally (16), for two years before the start of the season. The administered cumulative dose with oral hyposensitization was 1,750,000 PNU (protein nitrogen units), corresponding to 3,500,000 NU (Noon units), and on parenteral sensitization 1,550 PNU, corresponding to 3,100 NU. A symptoms score was registered daily during the pollen season. It showed fewer symptoms in those with parenteral hyposensitization, although subjective assessment of the success of treatment did not indicate any difference between the two groups. Oral hyposensitization produced a higher IgE and a lower IgG immune response. Systemic side-effects were noted in half of those after oral but none after parenteral hyposensitization. Measured by side-effects, the cumulative dose and expense, the effectiveness of oral hyposensitization is inferior to parenteral administration.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1983

Venom-specific IgE and IgG antibodies as a measure of the degree of protection in insect-sting-sensitive patients.

Venom-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were measured in the sera of bee-venom-sensitive patients during a 3-year hyposensitization period. The level of specific IgG antibodies initially increased, and 2 months after the start of therapy, this increase was on average five-fold. A concomitant but non-significant increase in specific IgE antibodies was also observed initially. Later during the treatment period specific IgE antibodies showed a continuous decline and after 3 years the level was one third of the pre-treatment level. Venom-specific IgG antibodies, however, remained above the pre-treatment level. The disappearance of the severe allergic reactions was related to the level of both IgE and IgG antibodies as demonstrated in seventy-six bee sting challenges. In patients with specific IgG antibody levels above 400 u/ml, no severe reactions were observed even if the patient had levels of specific IgE antibodies of RAST class 3 or 4. These data suggest that the relationship between venom-specific IgE and IgG antibodies permits an evaluation of the state of immunity to insect stings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Gastrointestinal allergy].

One of the more frequent problems in medicine is the question of a possible association between ingestion of a particular food or drug, and symptoms experienced by a patient. Food allergens are mainly cow's milk, egg, fish, nuts and fruits. Ingested antigen/allergen may induce antibody production and thus sensitization. But the presence of specific antibodies or a positive skin test are not synonymous with allergic symptoms. The convincing diagnostic procedure in adverse reactions to foods or drugs is a controlled exposition. The thrombocytopenia test is a useful addition. Intestinal biopsy is helpful in excluding celiac disease. Younger children are more likely to lose food sensitivity than older ones. At present, the optimal therapy of food sensitivity is to avoid the offending food or drug.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Bee stings.

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Bees↗

PubMed1982

[Insect sting allergy--solved and unsolved problems].

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Bees↗

PubMed1982

[Bronchial asthma in children].

Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli. A widespread narrowing of the airways is manifested as recurrent epidoses of wheezing. Asthma in infancy can be confused with different airway diseases which produce similar symptoms and changes. The patient's history, chest x-ray, measurement of specific IgE and repeated pulmonary function testing help to establish the right diagnosis. Nebulized sympathomimetic agents, theophylline and oxygen are used in the management of acute dyspnea; environmental control, dinatrium cromoglycicum, ketotifen, corticosteroids and hyposensitization prevent recurrent epidoses of wheezing.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1982

[Encephalitis following measles-mumps vaccination simultaneous to an EBV-infection (author's transl)].

This is a case-report of a 15-month-old child, who received a measles-mumps vaccination in the course of an asymptomatic EBV-infection. Nine days later the infant incurred encephalitis and recovered substantially within three weeks; the EEG also returned to normal in this time. Ataxia still persisted, however, a half-year later. The child produced serum antibodies against all three viruses, whereby the present low EBNA-titer is indicative of a chronic persistent EBV-infection. This is, according to our knowledge, the first description of a EBV-infection during a measles-mumps vaccination.

Ataxia↗

PubMed1982

[Efficacy of oral hyposensitization treatment in house dust mite allergy (author's transl)].

32 children with perennial asthma and/or rhinitis due to house dust mite (HDM) allergy have been hyposensitized orally for a period of 42 weeks. The sensitization against HDM was confirmed by skin testing, RAST determinations and nasal provocation tests before and after treatment. The trial was double-blind, with 17 patients receiving the HDM extract and 15 receiving placebo. Patients returned for assessment at 6, 18, 30, and 42 weeks, nasal airways resistance testing, lung function tests (FVC), FEV1, PEF) and clinical evaluations were performed. The results of the subjective and objective assessments failed to demonstrate any superiority of oral hyposensitization with house dust mite extract compared to placebo.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1982

[Sonography in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis].

Abdominal ultrasonic examination was performed in 8 infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and in 23 control patients of the same age. The average anteroposterior diameter of the pylorus in children with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis measured 17 mm (range 15-20 mm), and 9.6 mm (range 6-12 mm) in the control group. The statistical difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In addition, delayed gastric emptying and retroperistalsis of the stomach were demonstrated. The sonographic findings of hypertrophied pylorus correlated well with roentgenologic results and were confirmed during following operation. Abdominal sonography is a rapid, safe and non-invasive method for the identification of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Cardia↗

PubMed1981

[Immunologic studies in allergic children].

IgG-mediated allergic reaction can be provoked by inhalants (pollens, moulds, dust, animal danders), by food allergens, drugs and by hymenoptera venoms. The level of total-IgE is higher in allergic patients than in normal children. The degree of clinical sensitivity can be evaluated by the estimation of allergen specific IgE together with the patient's history and the results of the skin test. The allergy against bee venom is a suitable model for the immediate hypersensitivity. The assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of hyposensitization treatment can be achieved by the course of the allergen specific IgE- and IgG-antibodies and the insect sting challenge.

Antibody Specificity↗

PubMed1981

The prognostic significance of specific IgG antibodies in insect sting allergy.

Specific IgG antibodies against bee venom and bee venom components were studied in the serum of 40 bee-sting patients, 60 bee keepers, and 31 control subjects. The highest titres were observed in successfully hypothesized patients and in bee keepers. Subclass-typing in bee-sting allergic patients showed the highest antibody levels in subclass IgG2, followed by IgG3, IgG 4 and IgG1. During hyposensitization, a rise in specific IgG antibodies in all subclasses and against bee venom and all its components was found. The allergic reaction to bee stings disappeared with the rise of specific IgG antibodies, as demonstrated by a bee-sting challenge. After 6 months of hyposensitization therapy, the specific IgG antibodies remained above, and the specific IgE antibodies fell below, the pretreatment levels.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Long-term study of the protective effect of ketotifen in children with allergic bronchial asthma. The value of a provocation test in assessment of treatment.

The effect of ketotifen on allergic symptoms and parameters of respiratory function were studied in 23 allergic children during a period of 6 months therapy. A reduction in nocturnal dyspnea and dyspnea during exercise was observed in 17 patients. Improvement of the FVC, PEF and FEV1 was detected in 14, 15 and 19 patients, respectively. Following a 4-day treatment with ketotifen, a further 15 patients with allergen-induced bronchospasm were challenged by inhalative provocation test, comparing the protective effects of ketotifen and of DSCG in a randomized double-blind crossover study. 7 of 15 patients showed an improved allergen tolerance to the immediate hypersensitivity with ketotifen and 5 patients with DSCG. A protective effect with respect to the delayed hypersensitivity reaction was observe in 2 of 8 patients with ketotifen and in 1 with DSCG.

Adolescent↗