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Biomedical subjects

R U Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R U Anderson.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Delivery of antitumor drug to bladder cancer by use of phase transition liposomes and hyperthermia.

It has been proposed that liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) could be used to entrap enzymes or drugs and then be administered intravenously to patients as a natural molecule to be metabolized. After liposome degradation, the entrapped molecules would be released at higher concentrations in target tissues. In 1979, it was shown that liposomes containing a chemotherapeutic agent could preferentially release the agent at the transition temperature of the lipids. In an effort to deliver high dose methotrexate (MTX) to animal transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), we used liposomes with phase transition temperature a few degrees above 37 C. Experimentally induced bladder TCC tumors (induced with N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl) formamide) were transplanted into hind legs of C3H/Bi mice. These animals received tritiated MTX encapsulated in phase transition liposomes. Tumors were heated to 42 +/- 0.5 C (by ultrasound) before receiving the liposomes containing tritiated molecules of MTX. After an appropriate time sequence the tumors were removed and MTX uptake of each tumor was noted and compared to the controls having unheated tumors. Heated TCC tumors accumulated 11.9-fold more MTX than nonheated tumors receiving the same dose. Animals receiving free MTX did not exhibit a temperature dependent difference. This indicates that the phase transition temperature of specifically engineered liposome may be used to increase delivery of high dose methotrexate to transitional cell carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Non-sterile intermittent catheterization with antibiotic prophylaxis in the acute spinal cord injured male patient.

The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis by the oral and intravesical routes was studied in acute spinal cord injury patients maintained on a non-sterile intermittent catheterization program. There were 25 male patients investigated and monitored with daily urine cultures. Significant bacteriuria occurred at a rate of 0.83 per cent. This infection rate was greater than that determined previously using a sterile catheterization technique (0.28 per cent), p less than 0.05). Control patients catheterized with a sterile technique and no antibiotic prophylaxis had an infection rate of 0.96 per cent. Establishment of significant bacteriuria was more prominent when patients were catheterized every 8 hours as opposed to every 4 hours. Despite antibiotic prophylaxis the non-sterile procedure results in unacceptable rates of significant bacteriuria. The sterile technique may be preferred in the acute spinal cord center.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Neuropharmacologic evaluation in spinal cord injury patients using membrane catheter cystosphincterometry.

Synchronous cystosphincterometry with a membrane catheter was done on spinal cord injury patients. Bladder and urethral pressures were monitored quantitatively during vesical filling and emptying. Phentolamine, propantheline and bethanechol chloride were administered to selected patients with bladder and urethral dysfunction. The membrane catheter technique was an excellent method to evaluate the pharmacology of detrusor and urethral function.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed1980

Prophylaxis of bacteriuria during intermittent catheterization of the acute neurogenic bladder.

A randomized prospective study of bacteriuria control during early intermittent bladder catheterization was performed on a spinal cord injury service. The 64 male subjects underwent 16,620 catheterizations and had 83 significant episodes of infection. The infection rates among various groups were compared: 1) control patients, 2) patients treated with intravesical neomycin/polymyxin-B, 3) patients given low dose daily macrocrystals of nitrofurantoin and 4) patients given intravesical treatment and oral nitrofurantoin. There was significant reduction in infection rates when oral and intravesical antibiotics were used.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of synchronous water cystosphincterometry with the membrane catheter in spinal cord injury.

A membrane catheter was used for synchronous cystosphincterometry in normal and spinal cord injury patients during bladder filling and voiding. The technique was accurate and reflected the interaction between bladder and urethral sphincters under physiologic conditions. Simultaneous cystosphincterometry with the membrane catheter was clinically superior to carbon dioxide urodynamics and offered a method of quantitating detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography in acute pyelonephritis associated with diabetes.

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in four diabetic patients with gram-negative pyelonephritis are described. Excretory urography with tomography was performed in three patients, with normal results. Linear areas of low denisty which were observed on the CT scans corroborate previous reports, and the authors suggest that CT may be more sensitive than conventional techniques in the detection of infectious renal parenchymal disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Response of bladder and urethral mucosa to catheterization.

Short-term urinary bladder drainage with the use of urethral Foley catheters is practiced frequently in hospitals throughout the country. We studied the urethral and bladder cellular proliferation after exposure to latex, silicone-coated latex, and 100% silicone catheters. Fifty-one male patients were studied; no differences in acute cellular reaction could be detected among the three different catheter materials. Promotion of all-silicone products in hospital use may be unwarranted.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Monitoring for bacteriuria in spinal cord-injured patients on intermittent catheterization. Dip-slide culture technique.

Spinal cord-injured patients on intermittent catheterization underwent careful scrutiny of daily bacteriuria using the dip-slide culture technique. Comparison with conventional bacteriologic streaked plates revealed good correlation for quantitating low-density bacteria as well as 10(5) organisms. The technique serves as a useful tool in screening for urinary tract infection among patients with neurogenic bladder.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Prostatic secretion leukocyte studies in non-bacterial prostatitis (prostatosis).

Non-bacterial prostatitis is a common affliction among men and lacks objective criteria for clear identification. We studied 43 consecutive patients and 20 normal controls for the presence of bacteria and quantitation of prostatic secretion leukocytes. Significantly greater numbers of macrophages per volume of prostatic secretion were found in the patients. Multiple observations of such increased leukocyte proliferation could be used to establish true prostatic inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Physical and chemical determinations of prostatic secretion in benign hyperplasia, prostatitis, and adenocarcinoma.

With a view to detecting early biochemical changes in diseased prostate glands, polyamines, zinc, cholesterol, and physical measurements of pH and specific gravity were determined in expressed prostatic secretion. The pH of prostatic secretion from normal men was found to be higher than previously reported in the literature. The other measured substances and specific gravity were found to be decreased in prostatitis whereas the specific gravity was markedly elevated in those patients with adenocarcinoma. Clarification of physicochemical studies on prostate secretion may lead to a system of better monitoring the course of prostate disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗