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Biomedical subjects

R U Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R U Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Management of lower urinary tract infections and cystitis.

It is possible to understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic laboratory methodology, and appropriate medical and surgical management of urinary tract infections in today's modern medical world. The foundation of success lies within an appropriate determination of the presence of mitigating complications, careful documentation of invading organisms, and judicious selection and administration of modern antimicrobial agents. Virtually all urinary tract infections begin in the lower system through bacterial exposure and adherence phenomena, creating simple uncomplicated infections in otherwise healthy hosts and serious complicated infections in others. Not all bacteriuria should be treated, and not all infections should be treated equally; knowing the difference is the secret.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1999

Once daily controlled versus immediate release oxybutynin chloride for urge urinary incontinence. OROS Oxybutynin Study Group.

PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy and safety of once daily controlled and immediate release oxybutynin for incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active control, parallel study was designed to evaluate urge urinary incontinence episodes using a 7-day diary. RESULTS: A total of 97 women and 8 men 34 to 76 years old with urge incontinence or mixed incontinence with a clinically significant urge component were enrolled in the study. The number of weekly urge incontinence episodes decreased from 27.4 to 4.8 after controlled and from 23.4 to 3.1 after immediate release oxybutynin (p = 0.56), and total incontinence episodes decreased from 29.3 to 6 and from 26.3 to 3.8, respectively (p = 0.6). Weekly urge incontinence episodes from baseline to end of study also decreased to 84% after controlled and 88% after immediate release oxybutynin (p = 0.7). Continence was achieved in 41% of the controlled and 40% of the immediate release group (p = 0.9). Dry mouth of any severity was reported by 68 and 87% of the controlled and immediate release groups, respectively (p = 0.04), and moderate or severe dry mouth occurred in 25 and 46%, respectively (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Participants taking a single daily does of controlled release oxybutynin had similar reductions in urge incontinence and total incontinence episodes compared to those taking oxybutynin 1 to 4 times daily. A lower incidence of dry mouth was reported for controlled release oxybutynin.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis in natives of India.

A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter presenting as chronic flank pain, calculus, and hydronephrosis in an immigrant from India is presented. A literature review reveals a high frequency of reporting this otherwise rare tumor in India and suggests an inflammatory, environmental, or dietary etiology.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1994

Infection.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Medical therapy alone for the treatment of gas forming intrarenal abscess.

Gas forming renal infections are severe, potentially lethal conditions. Gas formation in an intrarenal abscess is extremely rare. Formerly, these patients were uniformly treated by a combined medical and surgical approach. We describe 2 patients with intrarenal gas abscess who were successfully treated with antibiotics alone. We review the literature concerning intrarenal gas abscess and propose a pathophysiological mechanism for its formation as well as a treatment schema.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy and tolerability of norfloxacin vs. ciprofloxacin in complicated urinary tract infection.

This prospective, open, randomized clinical study compared the efficacy and tolerability of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in adult patients with complicated urinary tract infection, defined as infection in the presence of an underlying anatomic or functional abnormality of the urinary tract. Seventy-two patients were randomized, 37 received norfloxacin (400 mg orally twice daily for 10-21 days) and 35 received ciprofloxacin (500 mg orally every 12 hours for 14-21 days). Patients were clinically assessed, and urine cultures were obtained following two to four days of therapy, and five to nine days and four to six weeks after discontinuation of therapy. Seventy-two percent of the norfloxacin group and 79 percent of the ciprofloxacin group were considered cured. This difference was not significant. One failure of norfloxacin therapy was associated with the emergence of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Following norfloxacin therapy, in 2 patients superinfections developed with resistant organisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis [1] and Pseudomonas maltophilia [1]). Twelve patients, 6 in each group, experienced adverse reactions, which were considered related to the study drug therapy in only four instances. Our results indicated comparable efficacy and tolerability of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection in adults.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic urethroplasty: an improved technique.

Endoscopic urethroplasty is an excellent alternative to open repair of the traumatically disrupted posterior urethra. It offers the advantage of limiting surgical trauma to an already scarred urethra and pelvic floor. Our technique also allows fluoroscopic guidance of the recanalization procedure to align the new urethral channel precisely with minimum disruption of the nerves and muscles of the periurethral tissue and pelvic floor. It obviates the need for a second surgeon viewing the urethra from above as has been required in previously described techniques. This procedure allows for maximal preservation of residual post-traumatic continence and erectile function because it minimizes blind passage of instruments.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of the electroejaculation procedure on sperm motility.

Electroejaculation is becoming more available for obtaining semen from spinal cord injured men wishing to father children. This study was undertaken to determine what effect the electroejaculation procedure itself had on sperm motility. Factors which were found to impact on sperm motility were osmolarity, electric current and aqueous jelly lubricant used for bladder catheterisation. pH did not affect sperm motility.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of experimental bladder cancer with hyperthermia and phase transition liposomes containing methotrexate.

Serially transplanted murine bladder cancer was treated with localized capacitive radiofrequency hyperthermia and liposome-delivered methotrexate (MTX). Liposomes were manufactured to retain MTX at 37C but specifically release encapsulated MTX as they passed through preheated tumors. When compared to controls, neither free MTX nor liposome-delivered MTX caused significant tumoricidal activity. Heat alone did cause a slowing of tumor growth and an increase in animal survival. Because large unilamellar liposomes are known to be cleared by the liver, sixteen animals were autopsied to determine the extent of liver toxicity which may have been a result of the various treatments. No hepatotoxic effects were observed after injection of liposomes containing MTX or other experimental combinations of drug and/or liposomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of temperature-sensitive liposomes in the selective delivery of methotrexate and cis-platinum analogues to murine bladder tumor.

This report describes the release of methotrexate and cis-platinum analogues JM8 and JM9 from phase transition liposomes. Large unilamellar liposomes were able to quickly release the antineoplastic agents employed during in vitro tests. Methotrexate exhibited a 73 per cent release in one second. The cis-platinum analogues JM8 and JM9 were slower, showing 43.5 per cent and 33.5 per cent release at two seconds. In vivo experiments utilizing MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma-bearing mice were conducted. Methotrexate delivered by the liposome complex showed an 8.4-fold increase in heated tumor uptake when compared to unheated tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Urinary tract infections in compromised hosts.

Prevention of urinary tract infection in the compromised host represents the most efficacious management when significant bacterial colonization is likely. Assessing the degree of inflammatory response helps to tailor the antimicrobial therapy in both acute and chronic bacterial infestation. Therefore, frequent urine cultures and urinalysis in high-risk patients should assist the attending physician to avoid the high cost of morbidity and mortality.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Association of bacteriuria and pyuria during intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury.

Because patients on intermittent catheterization often suffer asymptomatic bacteriuria it is important to know how serious such a colonization may be. We followed 156 hospitalized spinal cord injury subjects on intermittent catheterization. Daily bacterial cultures were performed. When bacteriuria was detected bacterial cultures and uncentrifuged urinary leukocytes were quantified. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus faecalis, produced minimal white cell response, even in high colony counts. However, gram-negative and fungal organisms elicited significant pyuria. Analysis of pyuria in conjunction with urine cultures may serve as a clinical guide to treatment of significant bacteriuria.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1983

Urodynamic patterns after acute spinal cord injury: association with bladder trabeculation in male patients.

A study was done on 80 male acute spinal cord injury patients with reflex bladder voiding to demonstrate an association between the development of radiological bladder trabeculation and serial urodynamic pressure/flow measurements. All patients were evaluated with cystograms and urodynamic studies during 1 to 3, 4 to 9 and 10 to 24 months after injury. Urodynamic measurements from those patients with bladder trabeculation were compared to those who retained normal-appearing bladders on x-ray. A high percentage of patients (70 per cent) suffered trabeculation by 24 months after injury. Post-void residual urine volumes were not clinically helpful in identifying those patients with bladder deterioration. However, analysis of the urodynamic pressure/flow measurements revealed significant differences between patients who had trabeculation and those who maintained normal bladders on x-ray during the 3 sequential intervals after injury.

Humans↗