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Biomedical subjects

R Tandon

Publications and source records attributed to R Tandon.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiological study of blood pressure in school children (5-14 years) in Delhi.

Distribution patterns of blood pressure were studied in a randomised sample of 10,215 school children (5,709 boys 4,506 girls) in the age group 5-14 years in Delhi. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) increased with age in both sexes. The cut-off points for high blood pressure were based on average SBP and/or DBP values of 95th percentile or greater for each age. The values for SBP ranged from 70 mm Hg to 140 mm Hg and for DBP from 36 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg for the age group 5-9 years. In the age group 10-14 years, the values for SBP and DBP ranged from 72 mm Hg to 160 mm Hg and from 46 mm Hg to 120 mm Hg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension (systolic, diastolic or both) was 11.9 percent in boys and 11.4 percent in girls, an insignificant difference. Anthropometric variables like height, weight and body mass index showed positive correlation with systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure but the waist-hip ratio showed negative correlation coefficient with blood pressure. Family history of hypertension in one or both the parents was present in 20.4 percent children with high blood pressure compared to 6.8 percent in normotensives. Family history or diabetes was also significantly higher in hypertensive children (5.4%) than in normotensives (3.1%).

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age- and height-specific reference limits of blood pressure of Indian children.

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure in childhood is the most powerful predictor of hypertension in adults. Norms for blood pressure in children are based on the age- and height-specific distribution of blood pressure in a reference sample of healthy children. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey of school-children in the age group 5 to 14 years in south Delhi and studied the distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 8293 children (4623 boys and 3670 girls). Blood pressure was measured in all children with a mercury column sphygmomanometer using a standardized technique. The first and the fourth Korotkoff sounds were taken as indicative of the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Height percentiles were computed for the study sample for every one-year sex-pooled group. Multiple linear regression was then performed for every one-year group in order to estimate the 90th and 95th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to percentiles of height. RESULTS: Age and height, but not gender, emerged as the principal determinants of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in multivariable linear regression analyses. Age- and height-specific 90th and 95th percentile values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were estimated, which enabled us to categorize children into 'normal', 'high normal' and 'high' blood pressure groups. CONCLUSIONS: We present age- and height-specific reference values for blood pressure of Indian children based on a large study sample. The use of these standards should aid the identification of children with high blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital complete heart block in structurally normal heart--a study of 44 cases.

Data of 44 patients with congenital complete heart block and structurally normal heart have been analysed. Thirty one patients were asymptomatic (group I) and 13 patients had symptoms of low cerebral perfusion like syncope, near syncope or convulsions (group II). A ventricular rate on surface ECG was found to be significantly lower in the symptomatic group (56.7 +/- 13.2 beats per minute, bpm, in group I and 46.5 +/- 6.0 bpm in group II). Similarly wide QRS escape rhythm of greater than 0.10 seconds was more often seen in group II (2/13) as compared to group I (2/31) though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Presence of pauses of more than 3.0 seconds on ambulatory ECG monitoring were infrequent in both the groups (group I 1/7, group II 2/7), however more often seen in group II. Electrophysiological studies carried out in 11 patients were not helpful in differentiating the two groups and all the patients including two with a wide QRS escape rhythm on surface ECG showed suprahisian level of block. The corrected junctional recovery time in two groups did not show any statistical difference. A persistently slow ventricular rate of less than 50 bpm during waking hours, wide QRS escape rhythm and pauses of greater than 3 seconds on ambulatory monitoring are suggestive of high risk to the patient and may justify implantation of permanent pacemaker even in asymptomatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidative stress in patients with essential hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Free oxygen radicals react with membrane lipids to form lipid hydroperoxides, a destructive process known as lipid peroxidation. Lipid hydroperoxides decompose to form a variety of products including malondialdehyde, which is used as an indicator of the oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase counteract the oxidative damage from oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension by altering endothelial function. We evaluated the oxidative stress and endogenous enzymatic antioxidant status in patients with essential hypertension before and 3 months after treatment with antihypertensives. METHODS: Fifty patients with essential hypertension attending the outpatient services of the Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. The serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in patients at the time of presentation and after 3 months of antihypertensive treatment. No antioxidants were given to the patients during the period of the study. RESULTS: The mean (SD) serum malondialdehyde level was found to be significantly higher (0.33 [0.07] mmol/L) in patients with hypertension compared with controls (0.21 [0.05] mmol/L; p < 0.001). This showed a significant decrease following antihypertensive therapy (0.23 [0.06] mmol/L; p < 0.001) compared with pre-treatment values. The serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in patients (6.93 [1.35] mg protein/ml of serum) compared with controls (20.12 [3.65] mg protein/ml serum; p < 0.001) at the time of presentation and, compared with the pre-treatment values, increased significantly after 3 months of treatment (10.66 [2.91] mg protein/ml of serum; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that essential hypertension is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status. Adequate control of blood pressure with antihypertensive therapy decreases oxidative stress and improves the antioxidant status in these patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Profile of coronary artery disease in Indian women: correlation of clinical, non invasive and coronary angiographic findings.

Clinical and risk factor profile of 101 consecutive female patients subjected to coronary angiography was analysed. Coronary angiography showed single vessel disease (SVD) in 15.8 per cent, double vessel disease (DVD) in 12.9 per cent, triple vessel disease (TVD) in 39.6 per cent and normal coronary arteries (NC) in 30.7 per cent. Risk factor profile in patients with angiographic coronary artery disease (group II) included hypertension (HT) in 52.9 per cent, diabetes mellitus (DM) in 44.3 per cent, post menopausal state in 84.3 per cent, positive family history in 51.4 per cent, obesity in 58.3 per cent, low density and high density lipoprotein ratio (LDL/HDL) more than 3.0 in 58 per cent and smoking in 4.3 per cent. Risk factors in 31 patients with NC (group I) included HT in 29 per cent, DM in 6.5 per cent, positive family history in 45.2 per cent, obesity in 45.2 per cent, post menopausal state in 48.4 per cent, LDL/HDL ratio more than 3.0 in 30 per cent and smoking in none. The clinical presentation in group II was unstable angina in 64.3 per cent, stable angina pectoris in 24.3 per cent, myocardial infarction in 4.3 per cent and atypical chest pain in 2.8 per cent. In group I half the patients presented with atypical chest pain. The other modes of presentation included unstable angina 25.8 per cent, stable angina pectoris in 16.2 per cent and myocardial infarction in 6.5 per cent. Predictive value of exercise electrocardiography (Ex ECG) or exercise radionuclide studies (Ex RNU) was 61.7 and 68.4 per cent respectively. DM, post-menopausal state and LDL/HDL ratio more than 3 were significant risk factors in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗