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Biomedical subjects

R Soejima

Publications and source records attributed to R Soejima.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Clinical investigation of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms].

The authors recently encountered three cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms. In case 1, with right upper and lower lobe masses and right pleural effusion, the right lower lobe mass and pleural effusion spontaneously disappeared one month after admission. In case 2, chest roentgenograms and chest CT scanning revealed a small mass with cavity formation. In case 3, with a right lower lobe mass and pleural effusion, steroid therapy resulted in disappearance of the mass and a remarkable reduction of pleural effusion. Human pulmonary dirofilariasis is a rare disease. In Japan, only 32, including our cases, have been reported in the literature of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms. The literature was reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to].

We reported a case of pneumonitis due to Sho-saiko-to. A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pneumonia. She complained of dry cough, pyrexia and severe dyspnea. Fine crepitation was heard on physical examination of the chest and a chest X-ray film revealed diffuse reticulo-nodular shadow in both lung fields. We suspected summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and followed her up, however her condition deteriorated. Under a suspicion of drug-induced pneumonitis, all drugs were stopped and she was given prednisolone. Consequently her complaints, laboratory data and chest X-ray findings markedly improved. Microscopic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed interstitial pneumonitis. The results of a lymphocyte stimulation test were positive for sho-saiko-to. She gave informed consent after receiving an explanation of the challenge test. She was tested with 2.5 g sho-saiko-to twice and developed high fever and dyspnea with hypoxia, while the chest X-ray film also revealed diffuse infiltrative shadows similar that on admission. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this case as pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case of pulmonary hypersensitivity due to sho-saiko-to reported in the world.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of chronic bronchitis with Pasteurella multocida possibly resulting from infection from a bird].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our division for further evaluation of fever and purulent sputa. In sputum cultures performed when the patient had complained of an increase in symptoms on three occasions during the previous 6 months, Pasteurella multicoida was usually detected. Based on the fact that the bacteria had been detected from the patient's sputa after feeding a macaw, but was not detected after treatment of the bird with OFLX, a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection by P. multocida was made. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data of the patient were markedly improved after treatment with cefaclor (750 mg/d). The bacteria in this case were sensitive toward many antibiotics. This case was considered to be the first case of bird-mediated Pasteurella infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from clinical materials and some comments on it].

Six mycobacterial strains which were isolated and identified with some suspicions in five hospitals in Japan were retested for their biological and biochemical characteristics for correct identification at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shimane Medical University. One strain originally classified as Group IV Mycobacterium, and two unidentified strains were presently identified as Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum complex. Two strains originally identified as M. xenopi were identified by us as M. szulgai and M. avium complex, respectively. Finally, one strain originally identified as M. phlei was identified by us as M. fortuitum. In these cases, inexactly controlled examinations for growth rate, growth at 45 degrees C, Tween 80 hydrolysis, and pigment production or lack of tests for certain key characters of a given organism seemed to be main causes of initial incorrect identification.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1989

[Two cases of primary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery].

Two cases of primary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery are reported. The first case was admitted because of massive hemoptysis after transbronchial biopsy in another hospital. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor of the left B4 bronchus, which was resected and diagnosed as racemose hemangioma. The second case was admitted because of massive hemoptysis. Bronchoscopic examination revealed polypoid tumor in the left B3b bronchus, which was resected and diagnosed as racemose hemangioma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of severe tuberculous pneumonia associated with irreversible exacerbation after intensive antitubercular chemotherapy--with regard to the etiology of initial reversible roentgenographic progression].

We reported 3 cases of severe tuberculous pneumonia associated with irreversible exacerbation and sequential death appeared after each intensive antitubercular chemotherapy containing INH, RFP, EB and SM. Acute tuberculous pneumonia probably represents an exudative hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculoprotein, rather than actual inflammation caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism. Mechanisms of the reversible roentgenographic progression are considered to be also similar to those of acute tuberculous pneumonia regarding the involvement of an exudative hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculoprotein. Our cases indicate that the involvement of reversible roentgenographic progression in patients with severe tuberculous pneumonia may result in the development of acute respiratory failure or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), resulting from the acceleration of exudative hypersensitivity reactions by the intensive antitubercular chemotherapy. In the present report, relationships between tuberculous pneumonia, reversible roentgenographic progression and the appearance of acute respiratory failure (or ARDS) were discussed. Furthermore, the use of steroids is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[A case of tuberculous pleurisy associated with myoclonus and Quincke's edema due to isoniazid and isoniazid sodium methanesulfonate].

A case of tuberculous pleurisy associated with myoclonus and Quincke's edema due to isoniazid (INH) and isoniazid sodium methanesulfonate (IHMS) was reported. A 75-year-old man was admitted to our division because of chest discomfort and the left chest pain of one month's duration. A conventional chest roentgenogram revealed pleural effusion in the left thoracic cavity. The pleural specimen obtained from the left parietal pleura revealed caseating granuloma. Myoclonus suddenly appeared two months after the administration of antituberculous drugs for tuberculous pleurisy. Therefore, INH was discontinued. Three days later the patient's myoclonus disappeared and nine days later IHMS was newly administered. The patient abruptly developed myoclonus and Quincke's edema. IHMS was discontinued and 30 mg of prednisolone was simultaneously given. Two days later myoclonus disappeared and two days more later Quincke's edema was improved. The lymphocyte stimulation test using IHMS was positive. At that time, levels of serum vitamin B6 were within normal levels. These results suggest that myoclonus may result from epileptogenic action caused by INH or IHMS, and Quincke's edema may result from hypersensitive reaction associated with IHMS.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic factors in cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma].

Among 56 cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (including three cases from our institute and 53 reported in Japan from 1978 to 1987), we investigated several prognostic factors, such as age, sex, exposure to asbestos, smoking history, symptom duration, tuberculin skin test, localization of the lesion, pleural effusion, histologic type, metastasis, treatment and some laboratory data, concerning periods from the appearance of symptoms to death. In our series, exposure to asbestos, smoking history, localization of the lesion, pleural effusion and histologic type have no influence on the median survival from symptoms. However, the median survival from symptoms was significantly shorter in males, subjects more than 49 years of age, those having symptoms less than 6 months, those with a negative tuberculin skin test, or those with metastasis of the tumor compared with females, subjects less than 50 years of age, those having symptoms more than 6 months, those with a positive tuberculin skin test, or those without metastasis of the tumor, respectively. In subjects receiving surgery, anticancer chemotherapy, or no treatment, the fifty percent survival period was about 16, 9, or 6 months, respectively. There were, however, no significant relationships between the median survival from symptoms and the Brinkmann smoking index, or the median survival from symptoms and period of asbestos exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic effect of fleroxacin against experimental pneumonia in mice.

Fleroxacin is a newly developed quinolone derivative with marked antimicrobial activity. In this study, we have compared the therapeutic effects of fleroxacin with those of ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pipemidic acid and cefaclor against pneumonia in mice caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fleroxacin showed a high therapeutic effect against the experimental pneumonia with an ED50 of 3.4 mg/kg/day, after three times a day oral administration. It was about twice as effective as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and more than 15 times more active than norfloxacin. Once or twice a day administration of fleroxacin also showed outstanding therapeutic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Supplemental fosfomycin and/or steroids that reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

The protective effects of fosfomycin and steroids on the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in lung cancer patients were studied by measuring N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in 24-hour urine, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen as factors of nephrotoxicity. In control patients treated with anticancer drugs containing cisplatin but no supplemental fosfomycin or steroids, the 24-hour urine NAG level increased two-fold (15.5 +/- 7.5, p less than 0.01) over the pretreatment level (8.0 +/- 5.2) 3 days after anticancer therapy. Supplemental fosfomycin or steroids inhibited an increase in urinary NAG level 3 days after the anticancer therapy. There were, however, no significant changes in creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels before and after anticancer and/or supplemental therapies. These results suggest the possibility that supplemental treatment with fosfomycin, like that with steroids, reduces cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, especially proximal tubular damage.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Elastase/antielastase systems in pulmonary diseases.

Levels of serum elastase 1 in a variety of respiratory diseases were studied. In patients with pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, or pulmonary infections, including pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis, serum elastase 1 levels were greater than those of an age-matched control group. In lung cancer patients, however, the serum elastase 1 level was within normal limits. Although alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were significantly higher in patients with pulmonary infections and lung cancer than in the normal group, they were within normal limits in patients with pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial asthma. Alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were slightly increased in patients with pulmonary emphysema and pneumonia. These results suggest that the increases in serum elastase 1 levels in these respiratory diseases may be mainly caused by an imbalance of elastase/antielastase system in the lung tissue and the bloodstream.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Gabexate as a therapy for disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The effects of gabexate mesilate on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) accompanying neoplastic diseases or severe infections in ten patients were investigated and compared with those of heparin therapy in ten other patients with DIC. Of 11 patients with DIC (control) who did not receive any anticoagulation therapy for DIC, ten died of pneumonia, DIC secondary to the underlying diseases, or pulmonary edema. Heparin therapy was effective in five patients (50%), while treatment with gabexate was successful in seven patients (70%). Although the therapeutic efficacy of gabexate was not significantly different from that of heparin, in patients in whom bleeding tendencies were observed at the start of the therapy, the former was successful in four (80%) of five patients, while the latter was effective in only one (25%) of four patients treated. The results of this preliminary and nonrandomized study suggest that gabexate is as effective as heparin for the treatment of DIC, and that it may be more successful than heparin in the treatment of DIC accompanied by bleeding diathesis.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1988

Sarcoidosis and acquired type II-b hyperlipoproteinaemia.

In four of eleven patients with histologically-proven sarcoidosis (stage II or III), type II-b hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) with increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein, and a decreased level of high density lipoprotein was observed. These results suggest that type II-b HLP may be associated with sarcoidosis with systemic sarcoid infiltration (stage II or III).

Female↗
PubMed1988

[A study of antichlamydial effect of rokitamycin].

MICs of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM), for Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis were determined. Meanwhile, the organisms were observed under the electron microscope for morphologic changes with the addition of RKM. 1. MICs of RKM for C. psittaci MP and 3 strains of C. psittaci isolated from budgerigars kept by patients ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 microgram/ml, and those for 3 strains of C. trachomatis B, E and L2 ranged from 0.20 to 0.39 microgram/ml. These MICs were higher than MICs of minocycline (MINO), doxycycline and rifampicin, but lower than MICs of erythromycin and midecamycin against these organisms. 2. The addition of MINO or RKM to C. psittaci Izawa and C. trachomatis L2 at concentrations twice as high as MICs resulted in no formation of elementary body or intermediate form inside the inclusion body, and abnormal enlargement of reticulate body containing irregularly distributed cytoplasmic components.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1988

Rokitamycin uptake by alveolar macrophages.

The ability of antibiotics to enter cells, especially phagocytic cells, may be an important factor affecting therapy for infections caused by organisms which survive and proliferate intracellularly. It is well known that macrolides and clindamycin have high intracellular penetration ability. We studied the uptake of rokitamycin (RKM), a new oral macrolide, using rabbit alveolar macrophages and 2 other macrolides for comparison. Intracellular concentrations of erythromycin and josamycin were, respectively, approximately 20 and 40 times higher than extracellular concentrations when they were incubated at an initial extracellular concentration of 5 micrograms/ml (I/E = 20.1 +/- 2.6, 40.8 +/- 7.4). In comparison to these 2 macrolides, the uptake of RKM was massive and very rapid. The cellular concentration of RKM was approximately 120 times higher than the extracellular concentration. Uptake of the 3 macrolides by rabbit alveolar macrophages at 4 degrees C was approximately 10% of that at 37 degrees C. This study demonstrated that RKM was rapidly and massively accumulated by alveolar macrophages, and that the drug accumulation depends on temperature. These observations suggest that RKM therapy may be very effective for the treatment of some infectious diseases.

Animals↗