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Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Duplex Doppler examination of a perinephric abscess in a renal transplant.

Perinephric abscess has no characteristic ultrasonic appearance or location. Differentiation from urinoma, lymphocele, or hematoma depends on clinical and laboratory findings. Therapy consists of percutaneous catheter drainage, surgical drainage, and antibiotic therapy. Acute rejection is the most common cause of decreased diastolic flow during the immediate postoperative period. Acute tubular necrosis does not usually alter blood flow unless it is severe. Duplex doppler ultrasonic assessment of the renal transplant during the immediate postoperative period may provide a valuable baseline for comparison if complications develop. Baseline and follow-up ultrasonography to evaluate diastolic flow can help determine whether a posttransplant patient should receive emergency or conservative therapy for complications.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of the local and systemic immune responses induced in BALB/c mice by experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Pulmonary A2 strain respiratory syncytial virus infection of BALB/c laboratory mice persisted for up to 7 days after initial infection with peak virus titres being recovered on day 4. Virus antigen within the lungs was found to be restricted essentially to the alveolar regions. Similarly, pulmonary histopathological changes remained confined to the peri-alveolar regions being consistent with mild pneumonia. Infection was found to elicit a pulmonary major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response which was first detectable 6 days after infection and optimal 7 to 9 days after infection. This local CTL response was preceded by a rapid transient virus-specific lymphocyte transformation response which was detectable only 3 days after intranasal infection. In addition, infection induced rapid interferon production within the lungs which was accompanied by an equally rapid rise in pulmonary natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity could be detected after only 1 day post-infection and continued to rise to maximum levels on day 3. This response like the acute CTL response was found to be restricted to the lower respiratory tract. IgG was the first class of virus-specific immunoglobulin to be detected in the lungs of infected animals after experimental infection. However, IgG was not detected until day 10 post-infection, 5 days after the initial decline of virus shedding. Virus-specific IgA although detectable did not appear in the lung until day 24.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Granulomatous orchitis. Review of 15 cases.

Granulomatous orchitis is a rare lesion of the testis which can clinically simulate malignancy. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of 15 patients are presented and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Stapling or suturing for anastomoses of the left side of the large intestine.

Two hundred and fifty patients undergoing elective surgical treatment involving anastomoses of the left side of the colon or colon and rectum have been studied in a randomized trial in which the EEA (U. S. Surgical Corp.) circular stapler has been compared with single layer sutured anastomoses. Only patients in whom either technique was feasible were included in the analysis. The operative techniques were largely standardized. Patients were studied by means of a limited barium enema on the ninth or tenth postoperative day. The data have been analyzed for leakage rate (clinical and roentgenologic), other complications and degree of experience of the surgeon. Eleven patients were excluded from the analysis because the selected technique could not be carried out; of these, eight were in the stapled group in which it was possible to perform a sutured anastomosis. There were no instances in which it was possible to staple but not possible to suture. The remaining three exclusions were patients in whom either a coloanal anastomosis or a Hartmann procedure was performed. There was no over-all difference in the leakage rate--roentgenologic, clinical or total--between the two groups. However, when analyzed by the surgeon, the clinical leakage rate for surgeons in training was greater for sutured anastomoses than for stapled anastomoses (p = 0.053). Thus, it appears that the benefits of experience are more pronounced for sutured anastomoses but that, in experienced hands, neither technique is superior.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Learning disabilities: an appraisal of Rorschach response patterns.

Recent developments with the Rorschach invite research concerning cognitive and coping styles of learning disabled students. This study, based on an N of 25 (12 learning disabled and 13 controls), was designed to assess group differences in perceptual accuracy, self-concept, and reactivity. Analysis showed that learning disabled students represent a diverse population for which highly individualized understanding is required if appropriate schooling strategies are to be devised. Such students, compared with controls, were more inclined to have lower self-confidence, to be more reactive, to avoid emotionally-laden stimuli, to manifest a higher proportion of responses involving perceptual inaccuracies, and to be less spontaneous and less inclined to take risks. Some curricular implications of the findings are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Primary rectal lymphoma.

A case of primary rectal lymphoma is presented. Pre-operative histological diagnosis is difficult, and examination of the fresh specimen, using immunocytochemical and gene rearrangement techniques, is necessary to establish the precise nature of the lesion. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Infection with Mycobacterium avium complex in patients without predisposing conditions.

Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex usually occurs in patients with chronic lung disease or deficient cellular immunity, and its prevalence is increasing. We describe 21 patients (mean age, 66 years) with such infection without the usual predisposing factors, representing 18 percent of the 119 patients surveyed. Seventeen women and 4 men were given a diagnosis of M. avium complex from 1978 to 1987, with a stable incidence over the decade, on the basis of pulmonary symptoms, abnormalities on chest films, positive cultures, and in 14, biopsy evidence of invasive disease. Most of the patients (86 percent) presented with persistent cough and purulent sputum, usually without fever or weight loss. The cough was present for a mean of 25 weeks before the correct diagnosis was made. Radiographic patterns of slowly progressive nodular opacities predominated (71 percent); only five patients had cavitary disease at presentation. All patients responded initially to antimycobacterial therapy, but eight eventually relapsed when it was stopped. Four patients died of progressive pulmonary infection caused by M. avium complex. The extent of the initial pulmonary involvement was greater in patients with progressive disease than in those whose condition improved. We conclude that pulmonary disease caused by the M. avium complex can affect persons without predisposing conditions, particularly elderly women, and that recognition of this disease is often delayed because of its indolent nature.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Osteosarcoma--presumed lymph node metastases in two cases.

Two patients with osteosarcoma of a lower limb and presumed lymph node metastases are described. The metastases presented in both children as palpable masses, one in the inguinal region and the other in the pelvis. One was visible on plain radiography; both were demonstrated on computed tomography and bone scintigraphy. The inguinal mass was present at the first examination and was resected with the primary lesion. The pelvic mass presented 12 months after amputation and was unresectable; its subsequent rapid growth was demonstrated by computed tomography. In one patient the osteosarcoma was of the osteoblastic type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Therapeutic management of upper urinary tract stone disease in 172 subjects.

Three hundred one patients with recurrent renal calculi were studied: 129 patients received no treatment, and 172 received either bendrofluazide (90) or allopurinol (82). The renal stone recurrence rate was assessed over a five-year period, and it was noted that the incidence of recurrence was significantly lower in patients receiving either bendrofluazide or allopurinol. In male patients there was no difference in recurrence rates in those receiving the different drugs, but female patients receiving allopurinol had a significantly lower five-year recurrence rate when compared with those receiving bendrofluazide.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the severity of tubo-ovarian disease and previous tubal surgery on the results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ovarian response and in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) results in patients with tubal infertility and two ovaries, according to (1) the degree and extent of pelvic disease (isolated tubal or tubo-ovarian) and (2) previous adnexal surgical procedures. A total of 549 patients who underwent 1031 IVF-ET cycles were evaluated. Significant findings were as follows: (1) No differences were found in the number of preovulatory oocytes, fertilization rates, or serum estradiol levels in the follicular phase between any classes of tubo-ovarian disease. (2) Patients with a "frozen pelvis" had significantly fewer follicles aspirated than those in any other category, although they had equivalent numbers of preovulatory oocytes retrieved and pregnancy rates. (3) Patients with previous bilateral tubal ligation had higher pregnancy rates than patients with severe tubo-ovarian disease. (4) The type of prior pelvic surgical procedure had no effect on IVF-ET outcome. Although patients with no cause of infertility other than tubal ligation had better results, these patients had previously proven fertility. We conclude that neither the stage of tubo-ovarian disease nor any history of pelvic adhesions or tubal surgery has a significant impact on the efficiency of IVF-ET.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hemizona assay: assessment of sperm dysfunction and prediction of in vitro fertilization outcome.

The hemizona assay (HZA) was used in a prospective, blinded study to assess the relationship between tight sperm binding in the HZA and sperm fertilizing ability in in vitro fertilization (IVF). In each controlled assay, the authors compared sperm binding of proven fertile men with that of patients undergoing IVF. Human oocytes stored in a salt solution were used in the study, and binding results were correlated with the fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes during IVF. Patients with poor fertilization rates in IVF had significantly lower binding than those cases with successful fertilization (7.3 +/- 1.4 versus 62.1 +/- 10.9, respectively; mean +/- standard error, P less than 0.02). Based on current standards, the HZA was able to predict fertilization accurately in 26 of 28 cases (sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 83%). The authors conclude that the HZA is a valuable tool for evaluating dysfunctional sperm-zona pellucida binding, with good predictive value for fertilization in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI): an epidemiological study in a general population sample.

The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used in a 2-wave community survey of 386 persons. The two factor structure of the instrument was confirmed, as well as the high stability of its scales over time. Respondents who had had children differed significantly from others. No association was found between social desirability, neuroticism or extraversion and either of the scales. No association was observed between the scales and psychiatric disorder, despite using covariance structure analysis to remove the effects of age and attenuation due to measurement error. Estimates of relative risk for affectionless control were low in contrast to estimates calculated from samples with psychiatric disorders. These findings may be characteristic of symptomatic persons in a general population. Because of the importance of the affectionless control construct, the findings invite further investigation in other community and treated samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An analysis of the re-test artefact in longitudinal studies of psychiatric symptoms and personality.

When general population samples are assessed on two occasions with psychiatric symptom or personality measures, a mean change in scores towards less psychopathology is often observed. This re-test artefact is a potential threat to the validity of longitudinal studies. Data from a longitudinal general population study were analysed to discover under what circumstances the re-test artefact occurs. It was found that the artefact is unrelated to the time lag between occasions, being equally strong at intervals ranging from 4 to 34 weeks. However, the artefact did not occur for all measures, but was confined to those assessing negative self-characteristics and administered orally by an interviewer. These findings are consistent with both the 'mechanical responding' and 'social desirability' hypotheses of the re-test artefact.

Adult↗