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Biomedical subjects

R Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R Scott.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recognition of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus proteins by human and BALB/C CD4+ lymphocytes.

Lymphocyte proliferation assays were used to determine the ability of human and BALB/c T-lymphocytes to recognise and respond to in vitro challenge with purified preparations of four respiratory syncytial (RS) virus proteins. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) collected from adult donors as well as primed BALB/c mouse splenocytes each responded specifically to challenge with intact RS virus and preparations of the fusion (F), attachment (G), 23 kilodalton (23K), and 34K phospho- (P) proteins of the virus. F protein was recognised most frequently by human PBLs, and elicited higher levels of response than equivalent concentrations of the other protein preparations examined. The human PBL proliferative responses elicited by in vitro challenge with intact virus antigen as well as with each of the four protein preparations were found to be confined to the CD4+ T-helper (Th) sub-population of lymphocytes. However, proliferative responses to intact virus and F protein were found to be accompanied by only modest and inconsistent production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Finally, no evidence was obtained to indicate that any of the challenge antigens employed in this study were intrinsically mitogenic, as neither naive human cord blood lymphocytes, nor un-primed BALB/c mouse splenocytes proliferated when challenged with intact RS virus or with F, G, 23K, or P protein preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Patterns of gene expression in developing anthers of Brassica napus.

The relationship between bud length, anther length and stage of anther development has been investigated in Brassica napus using a series of cytological markers that define steps in the process of male gametogenesis. It was determined that bud length is directly related to anther length and that anther or bud length is tightly linked to the stage of male gametogenesis within the anther. This simple correlation has enabled the construction of cDNA libraries representing transcripts expressed in defined stages of anther development, and the detailed examination of the developmental pattern of expression of anther RNAs. Two anther cDNA libraries were constructed, one from anthers of 1.2-1.8 mm long buds (sporogenesis library) and one from anthers of 1.8-4.0 mm long buds (microspore development library). A total of 19 independent cDNAs have been isolated by differential screening whose temporal expression patterns overlap and which together cover the stages of anther development from pre-meiotic microsporocytes to tri-nucleate pollen grains. The pattern of expression of each of these clones is unique and indicates that stages of anther development which cannot be easily distinguished by light microscopy can be recognised by virtue of the absence or presence of certain RNAs. Three cDNAs isolated from the sporogenesis library have been shown by in situ hybridisation to be tapetum-specific. In contrast, five clones isolated from the microspore development library are microspore-specific. These clones exhibit a pattern of expression different to those previously described in that their transcripts are absent in mature pollen grains. Thus these RNAs are probably required in microspore development rather than for the growth of the germinating pollen grain.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

A human in vivo model for the luteoplacental shift.

OBJECTIVE: To study the onset of early placental steroidogenesis in humans. DESIGN: Ovarian failure patients who were administered a constant dosage of exogenous estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) during the luteal phase and early gestation and who conceived after transfer of donated oocytes were used to assess serum hormonal changes throughout early pregnancy. SETTING: Hormonally replaced ovarian failure patients undergoing an egg donation program in an academic research environment. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Nine human volunteers desiring egg donation. INTERVENTIONS: Replacement of E2 and P. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum E2 and P concentrations were measured weekly throughout the patients' gestations. RESULTS: Serum E2 and P levels of these patients remained low in early gestation but significantly increased 25 +/- 1.6 and 34 +/- 1.6 days post embryo transfer, respectively. Regression lines of E2 (r = 0.99; P less than 0.01) and P (r = 0.95; P less than 0.005), intersected basal hormonal levels approximately 3 weeks after transfer. CONCLUSION: This estimate of the onset of placental steroidogenesis is equal to the 5th gestational week as calculated by the patients' last menses, approximately 3 weeks earlier than previously reported.

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1991

Performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia.

A 26-item informant questionnaire (IQCODE) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared as screening tests for dementia in a sample of 69 patients. Dementia diagnoses were made by both a clinician and a research interview using a computer algorithm to meet DSM-III-R and ICD-10 (Draft) criteria. The IQCODE was found to perform at least as well as the MMSE against all diagnoses and significantly better when judged against the algorithmic ICD-10 diagnoses. Also, the IQCODE was found to be uncontaminated by pre-morbid ability as estimated from the National Adult Reading Test and to have very high test-retest reliability after a delay of a day or more.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of refractive components in youth-onset and early adult-onset myopia.

Refraction and its components were measured for 79 young adults, 29 of whom were youth-onset myopes, 26 were early adult-onset myopes, and 24 were emmetropes. By submitting the data to analysis of variance, it was found that: (1) corneal power was significantly greater for both groups of myopes than for the emmetropes; (2) lens power and thickness were not significantly different for the three groups of subjects; (3) anterior chamber depth was significantly greater for the youth-onset myopes than for the emmetropes; and (4) vitreous chamber depth and axial length were both significantly greater for youth-onset myopes than for early adult-onset myopes, and significantly greater for young adult-onset myopes than for emmetropes. When youth-onset myopes and early adult-onset myopes were matched on the basis of spherical equivalent refraction, no significant differences were found between the two groups for any of the components of refraction. It was concluded that the differences between youth-onset myopes and early adult-onset myopes found in the analysis of variance occurred only as a result of the fact that the youth-onset myopes had been myopic for longer periods of time and therefore were considerably more myopic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

First clinical report of a new biodegradable membrane for use in urological surgery.

Following preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments a new collagen Vicryl mesh has been devised. The membrane has been extensively tested in the laboratory and has been found to resist the passage of urine. It holds sutures well and has been shown on an experimental animal to be biodegradable. The membrane has now been applied in human subjects. It has been particularly efficacious in renal surgery and as a means of sealing a bladder after it has been opened. With respect to the ureter the sealing effect is excellent, to the extent of having produced a urinoma. The membrane has been found to be easily applied in vesicovaginal fistulae but difficulties have been experienced in the presence of infection. It is also an ideal membrane for repair of a urethrovaginal fistula--an area where natural tissues are less easily available. This is the first recorded use of this new biodegradable membrane in the human subject.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1991

Military doctor.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Local antibody production and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with leukaemia.

Children undergoing therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are at increased risk of severe viral respiratory infection, and some find it difficult to terminate virus secretion. This increased severity may result from a defect in the mucosal immune response. To test this hypothesis, nasal immunoglobulin secretion and specific antiviral antibody responses to infection with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in children with ALL have been compared with those in a normal age-matched comparison group. Children with leukaemia secreted normal levels of IgA and slightly raised IgM levels. IgG levels were depressed. Following RS virus infection, the majority of children with leukaemia secreted normal amounts of IgA and IgG nasal antibody and successfully cleared the virus. However, three of the 13 children studied made poor or undetectable nasal antibody responses, which correlated with their inability to clear the virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Involvement of older drivers in multivehicle side-impact crashes.

Side impacts were studied using three separate analyses. National Accident Sampling System (NASS) and National Crash Severity Study (NCSS) cases were reviewed on multivehicle crashes involving fatal chest and abdominal injury by interior contact. Twenty-five cases were analyzed and showed an unusually high involvement of older occupants. Analyses of the 1975-1986 FARS confirmed an overinvolvement. Sixty-four percent of near-side seated occupants were over 50 years old and 36% over 70 in fatal multivehicle side impacts. In contrast, 26% of victims in single-vehicle frontal crashes were over 50 and 8% over 70 years old. Analysis of the 1982-1986 NASS showed that single-vehicle side impacts are not an important injury risk for older drivers, except on icy or wet roads. In contrast, the risk of injury in multivehicle side impacts increases steadily with age and is a major problem for older drivers. The individual NASS and NCSS cases also showed that 88% of the multivehicle side crashes took place at an intersection and that the driver of the struck vehicle frequently caused the crash by driving error (48%) or traffic violation (16%). The majority of cases occurred in daylight hours, on dry roads, and without alcohol involvement. Changes in visual perception, judgment and attention of the older driver may be factors in their missing a traffic signal or turning in front of traffic under the right-of-way. In addition, a reduced tolerance to impact force probably contributes to the injury. Although an analysis of photographs of the side-impacted vehicle indicated that 44% had side-structure deformation that was similar to that produced in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) moving deformable barrier test, only 24%-32% of the cases actually addressed the proposed NHTSA dynamic side-impact test. The results of this analysis bear on the agency's preliminary regulatory impact analysis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Corporeal plication for surgical correction of Peyronie's disease.

A retrospective study was done on 30 patients who underwent surgical correction of the penile deformity secondary to Peyronie's disease between 1983 and 1988. Mean followup was 31 months (range 9 to 72 months). Nine patients (30%) underwent Nesbit's operation, 8 (27%) had incision and transverse closure of the tunica albuginea and 13 (43%) had corporeal plication. Over-all, 19 patients (63%) improved postoperatively, which implied erection free of pain with minimal or no deformity and the ability to perform normal sexual intercourse. Presence of pain with deformity was an important factor that influenced the surgical result and should be regarded as a contraindication to surgical intervention. The results of corporeal plication were as good as the other 2 methods. The advantages of this procedure over the other 2 methods are discussed. We recommend this procedure for patients in whom surgical correction of the deformity is indicated.

Coitus↗