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Biomedical subjects

R Schubert

Publications and source records attributed to R Schubert.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Studies of the energy and crude protein requirements of young fattening geese. 1. Influence of varying energy and crude protein levels in the feed on fattening performance parameters].

In 5 trials using a total of 5367 geese (Deutsche Legagans male X White Italian Goose female), the influence of varying energy and crude protein levels in the feed on fattening performance was studied. After a uniform 4-week starter period (1st to 28th days of life) rations with conventional components were fed, their energy and crude protein levels ranging from 500 to 620 energetic feed equivalents (poultry) and 140 to 180 g CP, respectively. Subsequently, a test under commercial conditions was made to compare the optimal variant found (530 energetic feed equivalents-poultry/175 g CP) with a high-energy feed (620 energetic feed equivalents/175 g CP). As the energy concentration of the feed increased the live weight was not found to rise but slightly. At all energy levels under study, increasing crude protein from 140 to 180 g/5g resulted in higher gains. Feed expenditure was found to decrease as the energy concentration of the rations went up. High energy expenditure did not produce but slightly higher weight gains. Fattening beyond 56 days resulted in considerably higher energy expenditure.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Requirements of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) for crude protein and energy levels of fattening diets].

Groups of male and female Cairina ducks subjected to equal starter feeding (1st to 3rd weeks) were used from the 4th week of live (fattening period) to test feed mixes of varying energy and crude protein levels (480 energetic feed equivalents/heu[EFH] - 140 g crude protein[CP]; 480 EFh - 180/g CP; 555 EFh - 140 g CP; 555 EFh - 180 g CP; 625 EEh - 140 g CP; 625 EFh - 180 g CP - all figures referred to 1 kg of feed). The different energy levels remained without influence of the live weight development. High-energy feed caused, however, higher expenditures of energetic feed equivalents per kg of gain and resulted in carcases with higher fat proportion. At all the 3 energy levels under study, high-protein feeding proved superior to low-protein rations with regard to live weight gains and meat yield. For the time being, 500 EFh and 180 g CP per kg of organic matter are recommended as indicators for Cairina duck fattening rations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1977

[The etiology of denture stomatitis from a gerontological-stomatological point of view].

The aetiology of denture sore is discussed from the aspect of changes in the keratinizing squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa that are caused by age and hormonal effects. An important rôle must be attributed to Candida albicans, the growth conditions for which increase in general with increasing age. Many cases of denture sore are, therefore, cases of candidiasis which may occur in a chronic, an acute and a pseudomembranous form. The improvement of oral hygiene and denture cleanliness is of prime importance to therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Chronic geriatric patient in the hospital].

The cost explosion in the health system, especially in the hospital field, and the prolongation of life, i.e. the increase of the proportion of old people in the total population, oblige us to ask the question as to the part of geriatric patients in the present and future hospital treatment. By means of statistically relevant material, i.e. 25,342 female and 20,189 male in-patients in the Municipal Hospitals Nuremberg during the year 1974, compared with investigations of the year 1964, the growing significance of the geriatric patients for the total health system is demonstrated. Particular interest is paid to the old chronically ill persons, as is shown in an estimate of the internal in-patients. 50% of the internal in-patients are chronically ill persons. The present structure of hospitals is by no means complying with this situation. As an improvement, a ward system with different aims instead of the one complex acute hospital is presented. Apart from the existing acute stations there should be provided geriatric rehabilitation wards, social stations and day-hospitals. Humanitarian and financial advantages to be expected of these new wards are outlined. Particular emphasis is given to the active rehabilitation in the sense of a comprising social-medical help.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Substitution of protein animal feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the breeding and laying periods of hens. 5. Influence of graded lysine supplements fed during the laying period on the production characteristics of hens].

A large-scale trial was performed with 1500 laying hens which were kept under conditions of industrial egg production. The trial was carried out to investigate whether supplements of L-lysine would increase the food value of high-protein wheat and in which way a proportional decrease of dietary protein by 50% would affect the egg production of the hens. Additionally, studies were made to investigate whether the egg production of the hens was influenced by changes in the plane of feeding of the young hens during their rearing period. Both the young hens and the laying hens received isonitrogenous and isocaloric rations containing 4 graded levels of lysine. All of the 16 groups of the hens received a different diet. This was achieved by suitable combinations within the feeding regime. The control animals received, at all periods of age, food prepared on the basis of government-controlled standard rations. No significant differences in the level of food consumption were observed between the experimental groups whereas the control birds consumed more food (124 g per bird/day) than the experimental hens (120 g per bird/day; alpha less than 0.05). The levels of production were in all groups associated with the lysine content of the ration. The lysine-deficient birds produced the smallest eggs, layed the smallest number of eggs and consumed the largest quantity of food per 100 g of egg weight. The egg production of the hens in groups 11 and 12 (receiving a fish meal ration during the rearing period and a fish meal or wheat ration + 0.15% L-lysine during the laying period) was 70% of that of the birds in the control groups. The results of the present trial suggest that lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat rations for laying hens could be used but care should be taken that the plane of feeding for the young hens will not be too much restricted.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[The substitution of lysine supplemented high protein wheat for protein feeds during the rearing and laying periods of hens. 8. Nitrogen excretion and true amino acid digestibility as an effect of various lysine levels and successive laying periods].

Digestibility trials were performed with laying hens receiving 3 types of rations containing equal proportions of the same dietary components. The percentage of high-protein wheat in these rations was 74%. Ration I was supplemented with 0.12% lysine while 0.06% lysine was added to ration II; ration III remained unsupplemented. The crude protein content of rations 1 to 3 was 16.1%, 16.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The corresponding lysine percentages were 0.66, 0.62 and 0.56. Studies were made to investigate the influence of different lysine levels on the rate of N excretion and various amino acid data. These studies were carried out during two successive laying periods. Only random differences between the data for urinary N excretion and N balances per kg liveweight were obtained in the two laying periods and for the different lysine levels. The true lysine digestibility was significantly lower in the poor-lysine ration as compared with the ration with 0.66% lysine. Moreover, the absorptive capacity for thio-amino acids is influenced by the lysine level of the ration. The proportion of lysine contained in faecal crude protein increased with the decreasing lysine content of the ration. Similarly, the total number of amino acids present in faecal crude protein increased with the declining supply of lysine. These findings suggest that relatively more NPN compounds are excreted in the faeces if adequate amounts of amino acids are supplied rather than when one amino acid is deficient.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

The substitution of protein feed by lysine-supplemented protein-rich wheat during the raisung and laying periods in hens. 6. Report. The effect of graded lysine supplemented on the crude nutritional content of the carcas of laying hens.

In the present work 8 hens taken from each of the 16 experimental groups (90 birds per group) were killed at the end of the trial period (52 weeks). The weight of the organs was determined and bones, the utilizable parts and the residual carcass were analyzed for their crude nutrient content. The experimental birds received rations containing a large proportion of high-protein wheat supplemented with varying levels of lysine. Variations in the lysine supply did not affect the mass of blood, feathers, bones, liver, stomach, heart and ovaries, including ovarian follicles. An analysis of the utilizable parts (flesh, stomach, heart, liver, follicles, fat) for crude nutrients showed that the heavier birds receiving adequate amounts of lysine contained less crude protein and more crude fat than the smaller birds. A positive correlation was found to exist between the crude ash content of these samples (expressed as %) and the levels of lysine supplied during the laying period. All the birds receiving the lysine-deficient ration during the time of rearing or during the laying period contained significantly less crude ash in their bones. Alongside with the crude ash content the phosphorus content of the bones decreased when the birds where fed the diet for laying hens.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[The detection of aeromonads of the "hydrophila-punctata-group" within the hygienic control of drinking water (author's transl)].

The first part brings a retrospective analysis of bacteriological water examinations at single wells at which within a new one year examination period E. coli, coliforms and colony count determinations were performed and in addition the water samples were examined regarding Aeromonas of the "Hydrophila-Punctata-Group". The single wells have been divided in five groups because of the pre-testing and reexamination results and because of the local circumstances. They are summarized in the tables 1-5. The second part reports about the findings of the examination regarding the relation of aerogenic to anaerogenic Aeromonads in wells close to the shore in the direction of infiltration. It also reports about flat wells without influence of surface water in ground-water areas with relatively porous surface layer. Whilst in river water loaded with sewage the anaerogenic Aeromonads dominate the population up to about 80% their proportion diminishes in the shore filtrate so that within a certain distance, in groundwater filtered through the shore, only aerogenic Aeromonads are found. Also, from the water of flat wells with relatively porous surface layer exclusively aerogenic Aeromonads colonies have been isolated. Proceeding from these results the findings of the single wells divided in the groups 1-5 have been discussed. Because the aerogenic Aeromonads have not been found in deep wells but more or less frequently in flat wells the proof of anaerogenic Aeromonas obviously demonstrates a pollution of surface water loaded with sewage.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

[Microbial invasion of the intestine in colonising agamas (Agama agama) from the aspect of hygienic water control in tropical areas of West Africa (author's transl)].

Agamae are regularly found in great numbers in the neighbourhood of water supply plants and excrements of these animals can be traced to the plants proper. In order to ascertain the cause of drinking water infections, 37 Agamae were cought, immediately killed and the bowel contents examined. It was found that the Agamae have no uniform microbial population and that none of the aerobically cultivated bacterial species is present in all animals (Tablet 1 indicates the species for each animal). With regard to the hygienic inspection of drinking water it is important to know that only some of the Agamae discharge E. coli or coliform bacteria with the excrements and that 7 out of 12 animals which excrete large quantities of salmonellae were not found to harbour E. coli or coliform bacteria in their bowels. Under these circumstances the prerequisite to be met by the indicator function for E. coli and coliform bacteria no longer exists for water infections brought about by reptile excrements. The detection of salmonellae in water must be given priority over the detection of E. coli and coliform bacteria if - as happens in West Africa - the spread of salmonellae by reptiles or other animals, which do not excrete E. coli or coliform bacteria regularly, must be considered.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

[Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the rearing and laying period of hens. 2. Effect of graded lysine doses on food consumption and the rate of weight gain in young hens].

In a feeding trial 1920 young hens received rations consisting mainly of high-protein wheat with or without additions of lysine or methionine (table 1) and a control ration. The five rations contained 0.77%, 0,59%, 0,61%, 0,54% of 0,46% lysine. In the period between the 9th and 20th week of experiment the hens receiving less lysine consumed less food in the beginning but more food towards the end of this experimental period (12th to 16th week of experiment). The lower energy content of the control diet produced a higher rate of food consumption. Variations in the lysine supply in general produced only slight differences in feed consumption and weight gain in the rearing period of the hens, whereas a compensatory effect was observed with regard to the growth rate of the birds. Despite the balanced crude protein consumption of the birds a positive linear regression of crude protein utilization was calculated for the percantege crude protein retention (y) as depending upon the lysine content of the ration (x) (y = 11.34 + 19,61x; B = 0.93). The wheat protein could be improved by lysine supplements.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

[Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the breeding and laying period of hens. 1. Problems, analytical methods used and results obtained in the chick period].

Different parameters were investigated in a trial carried out for the 8-week chick period with an experimental group receiving a protein feed in which 7% of the feed, relative to that of the control group, was replaced by protein-rich wheat. Values for consumption were higher in the controls than in the experimental chicks because of the lower energy content of the ration. Statistically well-established data were obtained indicating that the amounts of crude protein, lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids consumed per unit of weight gain were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Total body analyses showed that the bodies of the control birds contained more crude protein (alpha less than 0.05) and less fat (alpha less than 0.001). The rate of mortality during the 8-week chick period was 1.1% in the control group and 0.5% in the experimental group.

Animal Feed↗