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Biomedical subjects

R Scholler

Publications and source records attributed to R Scholler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hormonal profile of Leydig cell tumors with gynecomastia.

The hormonal profile of estrogen-secreting Leydig cell tumors was studied in four patients. Plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels varied from day-to-day whereas the T/E2 ratios were decreased (22:85, normal 170 to 440). hCG administration induced a higher estrogen response in the patients than in normal men. The finding in the spermatic venous blood of the tumor-bearing testis of a particular biochemical profile, including a low T/E2 ratio (12:27), associated with high progesterone/17-hydroxyprogesterone ratios (0.13:0.26) and high 17-hydroxyprogesterone-androstenedione ratios (26:44), allowed localization of a small testicular tumor when no testicular abnormality was found clinically. Also, the E2 level was moderately elevated in the spermatic vein of one patient compared with normal men. Spermatic venous blood also was obtained after hCG administration in two patients. Increased estrogen and reduced T responses were found in the tumoral testis in comparison with the contralateral testis. In conclusion, the hormone content of spermatic venous effluent from testes containing an interstitial cell tumor is abnormal in several respects and such abnormalities allow detection of the tumor when it is not recognizable clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Temporal relationships between hormonal concentrations and the electrical resistance of the vaginal tract of blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) at pro-oestrus and oestrus.

During pro-oestrus, baseline LH concentrations for 9 vixens (pooled data) ranged from 0.8 to 5.3 ng/ml. In each vixen, baseline levels were interrupted by elevations of LH ranging from 3.1 to 10.4 ng/ml. A major preovulatory LH surge was detected in all the vixens. The LH peak ranged from 13.5 to 73.0 ng/ml with an average of 27.8 +/- 18.8 (s.d.) ng/ml. Plasma LH concentrations declined to a basal level of 1.3 +/- 1.0 ng/ml within 48 h of the peak value. The duration of the LH surge was 1-3 days. The LH peak occurred 1 or 2 days before any sexual receptivity was observed. All the vixens were mated twice 2-5 days after the LH peak; 8 conceived. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta increased gradually during the last 6-7 days before oestrus and reached maximum values (124-373 pg/ml) at the time of the preovulatory LH peak. The first significant increase in plasma progesterone concentration occurred simultaneously with the LH peak. During oestrus (normally 3-5 days), progesterone levels rose steeply, attaining a mean concentration of 57.0 +/- 17.5 ng/ml when the vixens went out of heat. Androstenedione and testosterone values changed similarly, both increasing at the beginning of pro-oestrus and reaching maximum values (805-1879 pg/ml and 328-501 pg/ml respectively) 1 day before to 1 day after the oestradiol-17 beta peak. The electrical resistance of the vaginal tract increased rapidly during the last 2-3 days of pro-oestrus, reaching a maximum value (300-640 omega) approximately 2 days after the oestradiol-17 beta peak that corresponded with the onset of sexual receptivity. Towards the end of oestrus, the values fell to 100-200 omega.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of plasma tumor markers in germinal tumors of the testis].

Pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (PS beta 1G), human choriogonadotropin (hCG), alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured simultaneously in 58 patients with a progressive germinal testicular tumour, and in 20 patients in complete remission. All markers were negative in all the cases in remission, and in 1 case of progressive teratoma. The specificity of the association of these 4 markers was 76 p. 100, higher than any of them measured alone. There was no correlation between individual markers with respect to histological classification. The highest diagnostic specificity was obtained with hCG in all types of tumours. PS beta 1G was associated with hCG but with a lower specificity. AFP is mainly related to embryonic carcinoma but may be raised in all forms of tumour, except seminomas. CEA was positive less often, irrespective of the type of tumour, and never alone. The value of measuring these tumour markers is double: on the one hand it allows better characterisation of the tumour, and on the other, the clinical course and efficacy of treatment can be followed-up more closely and tumour recurrence may be diagnosed at an early stage.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1984

[Preservation of the ovaries in peri-menopause].

The authors analyse the motivation for allowing conservation of healthy ovaries when surgical operations are being undertaken round about the time of the menopause. When patients who are at risk are excluded, and when pathological ovaries are excluded, as also when there is a technical impossibility of conserving the ovaries, they can be conserved. This implies that one should check the ovary that is left behind histologically, especially looking for the risk of cancer developing later. Although this is slight it nevertheless has to be emphasised. The authors further their argument by reference to the anatomical, physiological and hormonal state of the ovary around the time of the menopause. Although the hormonal state changes and is less intense with a relative increase in the secretion of D4 androstenedione and sometimes even of oestradiol, the ovary does remain an organ that secretes actively around the time of the menopause and even past the confirmed menopausal state. The inclination to conserve ovaries should not be a systematic one but every case should be considered on its own merits.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma androgen patterns during delayed implantation in the European badger (Meles meles L.).

Androstenedione and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay after chromatography on celite microcolumns throughout the delayed implantation period in the European badger (Meles meles L.). Androstenedione and testosterone concentrations varied from 0.05 to 22 ng/ml, and from 30 pg/ml to 359 pg/ml, respectively. There was a typical biphasic pattern in the fluctuation of these two steroids. Androstenedione levels increased between June and August (X= 7.9 +/- 0.8 ng/ml), decreased from September to November (X = 2.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml), and then increased again from December to February (X = 6.1 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). The same fluctuations of the testosterone levels were observed throughout the diapause, but the concentrations were lower. The overall correlation between androstenedione and testosterone was highly significant (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). There was also a similarity between the androgen and progesterone patterns of secretion (r = 0.31), particularly at the end of the delay period (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001). No correlation could be demonstrated between androgens and estrogens.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1983

A critical period in the onset of parturition in rats and uterine sensitivity to estradiol and progesterone.

The purpose of this paper was to impair normal parturition in rats in order to measure tissue levels of progestins and estrogens and compare these results with those of normal parturition in rats. Abnormal parturition was obtained by injection of isotonic saline into the uterine lumen of pregnant rats at the end of pregnancy or by handling the uterus. After each of these treatments on day 21 of pregnancy, parturition was impaired in 70 to 98% of the rats. When the treatments were carried out earlier or later in pregnancy, there was little or no impairment. Our results indicate transient discrepancies in plasma and tissue levels of steroids 6 h after treatment on day 21: 20 alpha-HP concentrations increased in treated rats compared to controls (uteri: 470%; p less than 0.01; ovaries: 89%; p less than 0.001); concomitantly, there was a sharp rise in P concentrations in uteri (+ 74% : p less than 0.05) and ovaries (+ 52%; p less than 0.05). Inversely, uterine concentrations of E2 decreased 6 h after treatment compared to controls (- 30%; p less than 0.05), although there was a transient rise of E2 in the ovaries (+ 30%; p less than 0.05). Twenty-four hours later, E2 concentrations were always lower in the uteri (- 30%; p less than 0.01). No change in E2 levels was noted in the uteri or ovaries of either the control or treated rats. The physiological significance of these changes and their consequences on uterine reactivity at term have been discussed. The data demonstrate that day 21 was a critical period in the parturient activity of the rat uterus which appears to be primarily affected by uterine levels of E2 between days 21 and 22 of pregnancy.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1983

[Increase in estradiol level in the male rat hypothalamus at birth].

In the newborn male Rat, hypothalamic estradiol levels suddenly increase during the first hour following birth and decrease between 2 and 24 hr. This surge is absent in the female or in the male gonadectomized at 0 hr. Serum estradiol levels decrease between fetal stage 21 days 8 hr. and 24 hr. post partum, in the rats of both sexes. In the male, the hypothalamic estradiol surge occurs when testosterone levels increase. These results suggest the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol in the hypothalamus of the newborn male Rat.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Strategy for studying mineralocorticoids other than aldosterone in arterial hypertension of hormonal origin].

Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone (B) are two mineralocorticoid hormones, which are both secretory products of the zona fasciculata and precursors of aldosterone in the zona glomerulosa. Hyperproduction of these compounds plays certainly a role in the pathogenesis of Cushing syndrome hypertension. Their levels in plasma are moderately elevated in half cases of tumour or hyperplasia. In some tumors, the ratio B/DOC is lowered and this might be helpful in diagnosing the malignancy. Moreover, certain tumors secrete exclusively corticosterone and/or DOC. The same mineralocorticoids are responsible for the hypertension in congenital 11-beta-hydroxylase defects (where virilism is present) and congenital 17-alpha-hydroxylase defects (where impuberism is present). Thus, measurements of DOC and corticosterone levels are needed in any case of vascular hypertension associated with hypokalemia and non-elevated renin activity, when routine investigations do not provide immediately the right diagnosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Estrogens in seminal plasma of human and animal species: identification and quantitative estimation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution.

Estrone, 2-methoxyestrone and estradiol-17 beta have been definitely identified in seminal plasma of man, bull, boar and stallion by high resolution gas chromatography associated with selective monitoring of characteristic ions of suitable derivatives. Quantitative estimations were performed by isotope dilution with deuterated analogues and by monitoring molecular ions of trimethylsilyl ethers of labelled and unlabelled compounds. Concentrations of unconjugated and total estrogens are reported together with the statistical evaluation of accuracy and precision.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Radioimmunoassay of plasma and urine 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: levels in healthy adults and in hypercortisolemic states.

A reliable radioimmunoassay for plasma and urine 6 beta-hydroxycortisol after chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 column has been described and evaluated. The antiserum used was raised in the rabbit injected with 6 beta-hydroxycortisol-3(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin. In control subjects, urine 6 beta-hydroxycortisol levels ranged from 137 to 348 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD: 238 +/- 66) in adult males (n = 14) and from 80 to 432 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD: 210 +/- 93) in adult females (n = 15). In plasma, 6 beta-hydroxycortisol levels ranged from 0.53 to 3.13 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 1.14 +/- 0.57) in adult males (n = 17) and from 0.53 to 2.69 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 1.22 +/- 0.53) in adult females (n = 19). In patients with Cushing's syndrome high levels were found in urine as well as in plasma. Finally the higher concentrations of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol found in adrenal effluent in comparison with those of the peripheral vein blood has clearly demonstrated that 6 beta-hydroxycortisol is secreted by the adrenal besides its extra-adrenal formation from cortisol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pituitary and ovarian dysfunctions in women on haemodialysis.

28 female uraemic patients treated by chronic haemodialysis were studied. Of these patients, 6 had regular cycles, 6 irregular cycles, 7 were amenorrhoeic and 9 post-menopausal. Plasma gonadotropins (FSH and LH) were determined in all patients. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were determined only when of possible interest. LRH stimulation test was performed in 5 amenorrhoeic patients. In 19 pre-menopausal women baseline plasma FSH values were always normal, but LH concentrations were above normal in 5. In all 9 post-menopausal women both FSH and LH were markedly higher than in the pre-menopausal patients., either healthy or uraemic. Persistent oestrogen activity was found in the 6 regularly menstruating women as well as in the 5 women with oligomenorrhoea. Luteal phase plasma progesterone was in the low normal range in 3 patients and was markedly depressed in the others. A prolonged rise in LH and to a lesser extent in FSH was observed in 4 of the 5 patients studied after 100 micrograms of LRH were administered intravenously. These results suggest that the defect underlying gonadal dysfunction in uraemic women treated by chronic haemodialysis is mainly of suprahypophyseal origin.

Adolescent↗