Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Sanz.
We describe a case of a traumatic aneurysm of the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery in a patient who had had craniofacial trauma 12 years before. MR and CT revealed a mass in the sphenoid sinus thought to be unrelated to the patient's symptoms. Carotid angiography gave the correct diagnosis.
We present a 36-year-old male without overt cardiac disease who suffered, since he was 15 years old, from sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block with a right axis, lasting for several hours; sometimes, syncope was a clinical form of manifestation. Electrophysiologic study, twenty-four hours Holter recording, cardiac catheterization and blood analysis were not useful in order to find its etiology. Efficacy of different drugs, like Mexiletil, Amiodarone, Atenolol and Verapamil (at a dose of 240 mg/day) were tested through multistaged graded-treadmill stress-testing using the Bruce protocol. Ventricular tachycardia was suppressed by administration of Lidocaine. Oral verapamil given at a dose of 360 mg/day prevented the induction of the arrhythmia, the efficacy was tested with maximal treadmill exercise and twenty-four hours Holter recording.
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Penicillin G, cefotaxime and clavulanic acid administered intravenously were studied for their immunomodulating properties. BALBC/c mice were immunized using PC-KLH as thymus-dependent antigen at the same time as the antibiotic was injected. The effect on antibody response was evaluated 5 days after immunization. Critical immunological parameters such as direct antibody-producing cells, Ab-secretion median rate, secretion rate heterogeneity and cellular viability, were studied. The most stimulatory effects were with penicillin G at the 4 x 10(6) IU/kg dose (+73%), cefotaxime at the 366 mg/kg dose (+80%) and clavulanic acid at 1 mg/kg (+218%). The experiments using inhibition of plaque formation with free hapten demonstrate that all the drugs studied decreased the antibody secretion rate and this parameter appeared more heterogeneous when cefotaxime and clavulanic acid were given; however, with penicillin this parameter was more heterogeneous at 2 x 10(5) mg/kg and 1 x 10(3) IU/kg respectively. When clavulanic acid was injected, the number of lymphocytes per spleen, size and friability of the spleen were increased versus the control mice. The present data show that all of the drugs studied present immunostimulating effects on humoral response, against thymus-dependent antigen, but have differently pronounced enhancements.
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We studied variations in the activity of total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and of CK-B in maternal and cord-blood samples, comparing data obtained for vaginal and cesarean births. CK-B activity was determined with an immunoinhibition assay. In all cases, there was a significant postpartum increase in total CK and in CK-B activity in maternal sera, whereas cord-blood samples showed no significant differences between activities in arterial and venous blood for either vaginal or cesarean births. Statistically significant differences were found in CK-B activity, but not in total CK, between cord-blood samples from vaginal births and those from cesareans.
Clinical and echocardiographic data were evaluated in 46 patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). M-mode echocardiogram was performed 24 and 72 h and 5 days after AMI. Early acute pericarditis (EAP) was clinically recognized in 19 (41%) patients. Pericardial effusion (PE) was detected in 29 (63%) patients. In 23 (50%) patients both anterior and posterior PE was observed, while in six (13%) patients PE was only posterior. An echocardiographic pattern consistent with localized fibrinous pericarditis was detected in 11 (24%) patients. Eighteen (95%) of 19 patients with EAP had PE, and only 11 (40%) of the patients without EAP had PE (p less than .001). We conclude that PE is observed frequently after AMI and that the echocardiographic study can help in the diagnosis of EAP after AMI.
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The relationship between systemic haemodynamics and left ventricular performance during HF and HD was evaluated by M-mode echocardiography. In patients with normal cardiac function and similar rates of fluid removal, special attention was paid to the effects of solute transport and buffer. Convective transport, independent of the replacement buffer, produces an increase in systemic vascular resistance with no changes in ventricular function. In contrast, a diffusive transport induces different effects depending on the dialysate buffer: acetate decreases vascular resistance and bicarbonate significantly improves myocardial contractility shifting the cardiac function curve to the left.
Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were carried out with 5 antigens - PPD, staphylococcus, streptokinase/streptodornase, candida and trichophytin-in 400 hospital patients without any known causes for diminished delayed hypersensitivity. The degree of reactivity to each antigen was: PPD. 69.50%; candida 49.75%; streptokinase/streptodornase 44.50%; trichophytin 42.00%; staphylococcus 14.25%. Reactivity to either PPD or candida occurred in 86.50% of all cases. Positive response to streptokinase/streptodornase was present in 7%; which brings the total cases with reactions to one or more of the 3 antigens to 93.50%. Those who responded to trichophytin or staphylococcus were 3% only, bringing the total response of all cases to at least one antigen, to 96.5%.
A study was carried out in 11 children, ranging in age from 7 to 12 years, to determine the clinical effect of tamitinol, in addition to psychotherapy, in alleviating disturbances of learning and behaviour. Tamitinol was administered as one 100 mg tablet per 10 kg body weight daily for 8 weeks. Assessments were made of the patients' mental condition using a 7-point rating scale, before and during treatment. Global response to treatment and tolerance were evaluated at the end of the trial by the clinician and the patients (or parents). Significant improvement was noted in 7 of the 10 children who completed the study. Six of the 13 psychiatric symptoms evaluated by the clinician were significantly improved (p less than 0.01). The drug was well tolerated by all patients.
Virus vector studies were conducted in the States of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, in June and July 1972. Apparently only a low level of Venzuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. The low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. The IB (epidemic) strain of VEE virus was isolated from two pools of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theo.) and the blood of one symptomatic equine. The low mosquito population, the relatively few equine cases observed, and the absence of reports of VEE human disease from the outbreak area suggested VEE virus persistence through a low-level mosquito-equine transmission cycle. Other studies have already indicated that wild vertebrates play no more than a minor role in outbreaks of epidemic VEE. Mosquito collections made in areas of the states of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, where considerable epidemic activity of VEE had occurred in 1971, failed to reveal evidence of VEE virus persistence. Twenty-nine ioslations of other arboviruses were also made in these studies: including 22 of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), 2 of Flanders virus, 1 of Turlock virus, 1 of Trivittatus virus of the California Group, 1 of western equine encephalitis virus (VEE), and 2 (from Santa Rose) which possibly represent a hitherto unknown virus in the Bunyamwera Group. These are the first reports of SLE virus isolations from mosquitoes in Mexico, and the first demonstration of Trivittatus, VEE Turlock and Flanders viruses in Mexico from any source.
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