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Biomedical subjects

R Sandyk

Publications and source records attributed to R Sandyk.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Alzheimer's disease and the pivotal role of the hypothalamus and the intrinsic opioid system.

Although the "cholinergic hypothesis" of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease has received great attention during the past years, it has recently come under increasing criticism specifically owing to failure of therapeutic endeavors based on this premise. As the potential broad role of the intrinsic opioids in the neurochemical modulation of diverse brain functions emerges, the realization that these data may be reconciled to a unifying hypothesis underlying the nature of some chronic dementing diseases (including Alzheimer's disease, Korsakoff disease and Parkinson's disease) occurs. Certain specific characteristics of the known pathologic changes and neurotransmitter deficits of Alzheimer's disease may be explained based on an early vulnerability of the hypothalamus combined with derangements of endorphinergic functions which follow. The latter may be implicated in the subsequent degeneration of structures receiving projections from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. This is based on the known role of endorphins in the modulation of central neurotransmitters and specifically acetylcholine activity. In addition, the reciprocal neuroendocrine and neuroimmunologic interactions mediated through the hypothalamus, may be of further importance in the evolution of Alzheimer's disease.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
PubMed1986

Tourette syndrome: successful treatment with clonidine and oxycodone.

A 15-year-old boy with Tourette's syndrome exhibited severe involuntary self-mutilatory behavior. While clonidine effectively controlled the motor and phonic tics, it failed to ameliorate the self-mutilatory behavior. Administration of oxycodone (50 mg/day) combined with clonidine produced a dramatic reduction in the frequency and severity of the self-mutilatory acts within 12 h. This report indicates that disturbances in the functional interplay between the noradrenergic and opiatergic systems may be important in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Naloxone causes urinary urgency.

We present 2 cases in which naloxone, the opioid antagonist, produced urinary urgency. The mechanism of action and possible therapeutic applications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The endogenous opioid system in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

The various neurotransmitter systems postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome(GTS) are described with special reference to the endogenous opioid system(EOS). Malfunction of the opioid system is proposed as the underlying disturbance in this disease causing secondary dysfunction of the other systems. Furthermore, the various symptoms of the illness are examined also in terms of dysfunction of the endogenous opioid system.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Infantile autism: a dysfunction of the opioids?

We postulate that infantile autism may be caused by a disorder of the endogenous opioid system. Evidence is provided linking the features of this condition with opiatergic dysfunction.

Attention↗
PubMed1986

Tardive dyskinesia: a role for the endogenous opioid system.

Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia represents a major serious side-effect of chronic therapy with neuroleptic drugs. The pathomechanisms underlying this disorder are not well understood. Although the dopaminergic supersensitivity theory has gained most attention, there is evidence to suggest involvement of other transmitter systems. In this paper I shall discuss the possibility that the endogenous opioid system may be involved in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia.

Animals↗