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Biomedical subjects

R S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R S Wilson.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Ocular fireworks injuries.

A survey in Arkansas of 14 cases of ocular injuries caused by the explosion of Class C fireworks showed significant, and possibly permanent, visual loss in five men. The most common injuries, corneal abrasion and hyphema, occurred in nine male patients with no residual ocular damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Homologous N-alkylnorketobemidones. Correlation of receptor binding with analgesic potency.

For a homologous series of N-alkylnorketobemidones a statistically significant correlation was found between the relative abilities to bind mouse brain homogenate in vitro and their in vivo mouse hot-plate analgesic potencies. The correlation between in vitro binding in the presence of 100 mM sodium and analgesic potency was not as good AS THAT as that found in the absence of sodium. A statistically significant correlatin was found between thir analgesic potencies and their abilities to antogonize electrically induced contractions of the guinea pig ileum.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1975

Analgesic properties of the tetrahydrocannabinols, their metabolites, and analogs.

The tetrahydrocannabinols from marihuana were found to have moderate analgesic activity in mice by the hot-plate test (sc administration). Of the several metabolites of these two compounds tested, only the 11-hydroxy derivatives were more potent than the parent compounds. Analogs 1 and 2 (9-demethyl relatives which cannot be metabolized to 11-hydroxy compounds), both of which produce a pharmacological profile generally similar to that of delta8- and delta9-THC, were analgesically inert. This suggests that metabolism to 11-hydroxy congeners may be necessary for the mediation of analgesic activity in the mouse hot-plate test but not for other pharmacologic effects produced by these substances which we have examined.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1975

The effect of tubocurarine on indirectly elicited train-of-four muscle response and respiratory measurements in humans.

The effect of tubocurarine on the respiratory function of conscious, non-medicated volunteers was correlated with the degree of neuromuscular blockade measured with the train-of-four technique (the evoked response of the adductor pollicis brevis muscle to trains of four supramaximal ulnar nerve stimuli at 2 Hz, repeated once every 10 sec). Respiratory frequency, tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory force and peak expiratory flow rate were measured, (a) before administration of tubocurarine, (b) when the ratio of the amplitude of the fourth response to the amplitude of the first response of the train-of-four reached 60%, and (c) during recovery of the ratio until the control (100%) value was reached. Respiratory frequency, tidal volume and peak expiratory flow rate were not altered. Vital capacity and inspiratory force were both reduced significantly at the 60% level and the former also at the 70% level when compared with the control. The magnitude of change in all variables is of minor clinical importance, however, since the lowest measured values are well above acceptable minimum limits required for adequate respiratory function.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1975

Hemodynamic responses to mechanical ventilation with PEEP: the effect of hypervolemia.

The hemodynamic effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with and without blood volume augmentation, were studied in 18 beagles anesthetized with halothane (0.7 per cent end-tidal). Addition of 12 cm H2O PEEP during mechanical ventilation in normavolemic dogs was associated with reductions of transmural cardiac filling pressures, cardiac index and stroke index to 50 per cent of control values. Circulatory adaptation did not occur. Filling pressures and flow remained unchanged during the ensuing 8 hours when PEEP was maintained. They returned to control levels when PEEP was discontinued, except for the transmural right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which remained elevated above control levels. Systemic vascular resistance was unchanged, but pulmonary vascular resistance doubled upon addition of PEEP. Following autologous whole blood transfusion (25 ml/kg) during mechanical ventilation with PEEP, cardiac index returned to, and remained at, control levels. After PEEP was discontinued, cardiac index increased acutely and remained elevated for the remainder of the study period (as long as 7 hours). Comparable transfusion during mechanical ventilation without PEEP elevated cardiac index only transiently. Right atrial, pulmonary capillary wedge, and right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures showed marked increases relative to atmospheric with PEEP and after transfusion. Calculated transmural pressures demonstrated clear reductions with application of PEEP, followed by increases to control levels with transfusion and further increases to above control when PEEP was discontinued. Study of ventricular function curves revealed that changes in filling pressures and not to changes in ventricular contractility. Transmural pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure rose throughout the 12 hours of study, despite return of pulmonary vascular resistance to control level with removal of PEEP. Thus, acute decreases in cardiac filling pressure, cardiac index, and stroke index persist consequent to application of PEEP, and circulatory adaptation does not occur. The apparent hemodynamic deterioration may be reversed by blood volume augmentation, but when PEEP is discontinued, hypervolemia with consequent increases in filling pressures and a move along a ventricular function curve will occur. Changes in cardiac index will depend upon the overall state of right and left ventricular contractility.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Scleral patch for exposed silicone buckles.

A technique using preserved sclera to patch exposed retinal silicone is described. Permanent silicone buckles may be preferred in certain cases. If cultures are negative, a rectangular piece of preserved sclera, full or half thickness, is sutured to an anteriorly dissected scleral flap and directed posteriorly over the previously exposed silicone. Tenon's and conjunctiva are sutured over the scleral homograft.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1974

Twins: measures of birth size at different gestational ages.

Means, standard deviations, and empirical centile values are given for birth weight, length and head circumference for twins born at gestational ages 31+ to 42+ weeks. The data are compared with recent results for singletons, and the twins show a deficit that becomes greater as gestational age increases. Although weight may be slightly more affected than the other two measures, the relative growth suppression for twins is quite similar in all three dimensions. Comparatively, the average size of twins born at 33+ weeks gestational age is equal to the 36th centile for singletons; but at 40+ weeks gestational age, the average size for twins is below the 5th centile for singletons.

Birth Weight↗