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Biomedical subjects

R S Gold

Publications and source records attributed to R S Gold.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Life events and burnout.

A sample of 54 males and 134 females, most of whom were in direct service positions of a counseling and social work nature, was given a battery of instruments, including a measure for burnout (an occupational form of excessive stress), life events, and items concerning satisfaction with work and life in general. The results indicate that negative life change events may promote burnout or aggravate it but positive events will buffer its impact. The outcome implies that reducing negative factors on the job is important but promoting positive events also plays a vital role in reducing the likelihood of its occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Accuracy of DSM-III diagnoses following a training program.

The authors describe a 2 1/2-day training program designed to teach mental health professionals how to use a new DSM-III classification scheme. The 251 participants had previous clinical training but no prior exposure to DSM-III. They were asked to diagnose three cases from a series of five videotapes case vignettes; the authors then compared the participants' diagnoses with the expert opinion of clinical faculty. The degree of agreement among the participants with the expert opinion varied across the five cases, but the overall level of agreement was high (74.2%). These results indicate that with adequate training the new DSM-III classification scheme can be accurately applied to diagnostic situations.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

Oral sarcoidosis: review of the literature.

Patients with symptoms consistent with sarcoidosis who are seen by a dentist are not common. Generally, the disease is documented in a patient before the expression of oral symptoms. The most common oral or para-oral symptom appears to be an asymptomatic swelling--usually of the parotid glands or cervical nodes. Often these lesions are first brought to the attention of our medical colleagues. However, in four instances reported in the literature, systemic sarcoidosis was discovered because of the initial oral symptoms. There are often changes in the minor salivary glands under clinically normal-appearing mucosa in patients with systemic sarcoidosis. We have reviewed the concepts of etiology, criteria for diagnosis, and rationale of treatment, along with a review of the dental literature of sarcoidosis. An illustrative case report of a sarcoid lesion on the buccal mucosa is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Unique case of mesenteric fibrosis in multiple polyposis.

A massive mesenteric fibroma in a patient who had had subtotal colectomy for familial polyposis necessitated resection of all but the proximal 3 to 4 feet of small bowel. The patient is alive and well with few stigmata of short bowel syndrome. Acknowledgment: We wish to thank CAPT Malcolm L. Cowen, USN, MC, Chief of the Department of Pathology, for histopathologic photomicrographic study and extensive laboratory data.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Desire for unprotected intercourse preceding its occurrence: the case of young gay men with an anonymous partner.

One sample of young gay men (n = 219) and 3 samples of older gay men (n = 219, n = 207, and n = 88) recalled a sexual encounter in which they had engaged in unprotected anal intercourse. Throughout the evening of the encounter, desire specifically for unprotected intercourse had generally been less common the more distant the relationship with the partner. Young men having sex with an anonymous partner were an exception to this pattern, however: they had desired unprotected intercourse almost as commonly as had young men having sex with a lover. The extent to which unprotected intercourse is premeditated in young men with an anonymous partner may make it particularly hard to modify their behaviour. This group had also been in an especially negative mood state at the start of the evening, suggesting the importance of trying to inculcate non-destructive ways of dealing with negative mood states.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing unprotected anal intercourse in gay men: a comparison of two intervention techniques.

This study compared the effectiveness of getting gay men to evaluate the self-justifications they use when breaking their safe sex rules to that of a standard approach to AIDS education. Men (n = 109) who had 'slipped up' (broken their safe sex rules by having unprotected anal intercourse) kept diaries of their sexual behaviour for 16 weeks. After 4 weeks they were allocated to one of 3 conditions, 2 involving brief interventions--Self-justifications (evaluation of self-justifications) and Standard (examination of posters used in AIDS education)--and a Control (diary only). At the time of the intervention, more members of the Self-justifications than the Standard group thought that it would help them not to slip up. In the post-intervention period, the 3 groups did not differ in the incidence of sexual activity or in the proportion who slipped up at least once, but the Self-justifications group were less likely to have had multiple slip-ups. Three possible explanations are offered for the effectiveness of the Self-justifications intervention. This approach may provide a useful alternative to standard techniques of AIDS education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multi-matrix sampling: an approach to evaluation of health education programs.

Sampling is often used in evaluation as an economical and efficient means of estimating population parameters. Among the approaches to sampling traditionally used, few provide the apparent flexibility of multi-matrix sampling. The current paper proposes multi-matrix sampling as an alternative to traditional sampling approaches for evaluation of health education programs. A comparison is made between examinee sampling and multi-matrix sampling. No significant differences were found between the estimates of mean test performance provided by the two sampling plans following completion of the fifth grade unit of the School Health Curriculum Project. The advantages and disadvantages of multi-matrix sampling are examined, and potential applications of this technique are illustrated.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Judging a book by its cover: gay men's use of perceptible characteristics to infer antibody status.

This study investigated gay men's use of perceptible characteristics to infer antibody status. Participants (n = 66) read brief descriptions of men they did not know and estimated the likelihood that they were HIV-infected. Each description highlighted one of 6 characteristics: physical attractiveness, intelligence/education level, healthy appearance and lifestyle, personality, a combination of the preceding, and wealth. Three versions of each sketch were used; they depicted the man in positive, neutral, and negative terms respectively. There were significant differences in the ratings for the 3 versions in the case of every characteristic except wealth. In general, the negative version elicited higher ratings (corresponding to a greater likelihood that the man was HIV-positive) than either the positive or neutral versions; in the case of physical attractiveness, the positive version elicited higher ratings than the neutral version. Results are discussed in relation to earlier findings regarding gay men's inferences during sexual encounters, of antibody status from perceptible characteristic; to possible differences between AIDS-related thinking during sexual encounters and in the cold light of day; and to educational techniques that might be used to counter inferences of this type.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of health education research to health education.

OBJECTIVE: To focus on the benefits and importance of research to the practice of health education. METHODS: The paper discussed the potential of quality research as well as the barriers that keep health educators from using, applying, and sharing their work. RESULTS: The basic challenges health educators face in translating their research into practice relate to: becoming well-versed in the science base and previous lessons learned; collaborating effectively; and passing on knowledge by mentoring. CONCLUSIONS: To move forward, health educators need to organize their knowledge and make it accessible. This includes explicit and tacit knowledge, work in progress, and a coordinated research agenda. Finally, health educators need to be flexible so they can enable future research needs.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reflections: health promotion--what is it?

The term health promotion has gained wide popularity in recent years. This widespread usage has been accompanied by a wide diversity of definitions. Some of this diversity may be seen in the articles which made up this theme issue on health promotion. In many cases health promotion seems to have become an all-inclusive umbrella term under which any health service may find coverage. Health services have become health promotion services; outpatient clinics have become health-promotion centers. In these cases, "health promotion" has become a fad or a gimmick--as meaningless as labelling certain cereals and other foods as "natural." Others use health promotion as an umbrella term but of more limited scope. Perhaps the most popular of these is Green's definition of health promotion as, "any combination of educational, organizational, economic and environmental supports for behavior conducive to health." Much that is to be found in this theme issue derives from this conceptualization of health promotion as all of the means by which healthy behavior may be encouraged.

Health Promotion↗