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Biomedical subjects

R S Gold

Publications and source records attributed to R S Gold.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The potential contribution of computerized school-based record systems to the monitoring of the disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation.

This article discusses the potential contribution of computerized school-based record systems to help monitor the 1990 and future health objectives for the nation, to provide a continuing health data base on nearly 50 million Americans, and to improve current school health record-keeping practices. Limitations of paper-based health record systems and the state-of-the-art and future potential of computerized record systems are described. Several key obstacles to computerization of school health records are considered, including technological problems, difficulties in appreciating and evaluating the benefits of computerization, costs, acceptability to individuals and organizational users, standardization problems, and concerns about confidentiality. Implementation steps involving research and surveillance measures for attaining the 1990 objectives that may be facilitated by improved school health records and information systems are specified. As school health education and school health services increasingly become vehicles for achieving national public health objectives, including those set for 1990, it will be desirable to establish data systems that link information collected in individual schools with research and surveillance activities at the state and national level. Moreover, it will be desirable for school's health records and information systems to contain data describing students' health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and physiological risk factors, in addition to the data traditionally maintained in such records.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1988

Asystole due to the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery: a report of two cases.

The oculocardiac reflex is a well-known entity which may result in vagal depression of the heart when pressure is placed on the eyeball or when traction is applied to the extraocular muscles. Bradycardia is, by far, the most common cardiac response to these stimuli. We report two cases of ten-second episodes of asystole during traction on the medial rectus muscle as a reminder to ophthalmologists and anesthesiologists alike that this complication can and does occur during strabismus surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

School health education: a foundation for school health programs.

This article describes the present status of health instruction--one of the original three components of the school health program--and suggests ways to improve its effectiveness as one of the eight components of a comprehensive school health promotion program. The article also demonstrates the complexity of the theory base, content, methodology, and outcome expectations of health instruction; a complexity that demands the subject be taught by teachers who are thoroughly prepared and committed to teaching health.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Relationship of lumbosacral nevocytic nevi to sun exposure in dysplastic nevus syndrome.

In 104 consecutive Caucasian patients who had histologically proved dysplastic nevi, the number and diameter of nevocytic nevi were determined in two equally sized contiguous rectangles in the lumbosacral region. The cephalad (superior) rectangle was in a relatively sun-exposed site, whereas the caudad (inferior) rectangle was in a relatively sun-protected site. Many of the nevocytic nevi identified in these rectangles had the clinical features of dysplastic nevi. Significantly, more nevi were found in the cephalad rectangle compared with the caudad rectangle. Men greater than or equal to 40 years of age had significantly larger nevi in the cephalad rectangle compared with the caudad rectangle. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that sunlight promotes development of more and larger nevocytic nevi in individuals afflicted with dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The validity of reliability assessments.

This paper focuses on reliability and evaluation of health education programs in school settings. Reliability is a concept that guides researchers in selecting or developing instruments, and is used as a standard, with validity and acceptability, for judging the credibility of research findings and inferences. Reliability is defined within the context of research design, and methods for estimating the reliability of cognitive measures are reviewed. Using data gathered in a school health education curriculum evaluation as an example, possible errors in hypotheses testing that may occur when estimating internal consistency of cognitive test scores obtained in quasi-experimental designs are examined. The appropriateness of internal consistency as a measure of reliability of cognitive measures is discussed and suggestions for reliability assessment and related issues such as power analysis are presented.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Use of statistics in the Journal of School Health 1979-1983: a content analysis.

A content analysis of the statistical methods employed in the research/evaluation articles published in Volumes 49-53 of the Journal of School Health (JOSH) was performed. Questions addressed included: To what extent does JOSH publish articles having a research/evaluation theme? Does knowledge of a few basic statistical techniques provide access to the statistical components of a high percentage of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH? Which additional, but more complex techniques are used most often by authors? Results indicated that, to have access to the statistical content of about three-fourths of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH, a reader would have to have learned descriptive statistics, analysis of contingency tables, analysis of variance, t-tests, and multiple comparison tests. Knowledge of these and other statistical procedures might assist school health practitioners read research/evaluation reports, and adapt the findings to their respective work settings. Moreover, content analyses can be tools for assessing the state-of-the-art of a profession, as well as helping to plan for practitioners' continuing education needs.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Avoiding type III errors in health education program evaluations: a case study.

Monitoring the implementation of a program being evaluated can improve the interpretability of data collected and help evaluators to avoid committing a Type III error: evaluating a program that has not been adequately implemented. This article describes an evaluation that analyzed the implementation of a school health education curriculum, assessed cognitive learning outcomes attributable to the curriculum, and examined the relationship between classroom implementation and changes in students' knowledge. Five fifth-grade classes (n = 101) participated in the curriculum, and five classes (n = 84) served as a comparison group. Data collection procedures involved a pretest and posttest of all students' health-related knowledge, daily monitoring of classroom implementation by the five teachers participating, and questionnaires completed by principals and teachers. Analysis methods included descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests of significance, and qualitative assessment procedures. Results indicated that the curriculum had a positive effect on learning in students; curriculum implementation varied considerably among the five classes participating; teaching/learning activities that were most and least likely to be implemented could be identified and described; both teachers and principals perceived the program favorably; some health instruction was occurring in the comparison classes, so it was not appropriate to consider them as pure controls; and no statistically significant relationship between curriculum implementation and cognitive outcomes was observed. This study provides evidence of the need for and value of measuring implementation of programs being evaluated. Implications for developing implementation measures and the role of formative evaluation in health education practice are considered.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

Multi-matrix sampling: a valuable data collection method for health educators.

Survey research in health education, as in other disciplines, attempts to provide estimates of population parameters from which inferences important to program delivery can be made. This article examines the utility of multi-matrix sampling as a technique in health education research that permits quality collection of large quantities of data without lengthy questionnaires or excessive time demands on respondents. The advantages and limitations of multi-matrix sampling are delineated through a hypothetical example.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Assessing gender differences in college cigarette smoking intenders and nonintenders.

Variations in cigarette smoking patterns between men and women have led to the speculation that there may be systematic gender differences which account for these patterns. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether such gender differences exist in beliefs about the consequences of smoking, evaluations of those consequences, one's normative beliefs and one's motivations to comply among 221 college-age students. These subcomponents of Fishbein's model of behavioral intentions were tested with multivariate analysis procedures. Significant gender differences found in beliefs about the consequences of smoking, normative beliefs concerning smoking, and motivations to comply indicate that educational and treatment programs should address members of the two sexes in different ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Teacher stress and burnout: implications for school health personnel.

Recent literature indicates teachers experience considerable stress in the workplace, and that such stress is associated with an increased frequency of physical illnesses and somatic complaints. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between reported levels of stress and somatic complaints and selected illnesses. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Teacher Somatic Complaints and Illness Inventory were distributed to 428 teachers in public schools in Southern Illinois. The MBI yields data allowing classification of teachers into two groups according to degrees of work related stress. A discriminant analysis was performed to examine the ability to discriminate between these groups based on their reported patterns of somatic complaints and illnesses. More than 11% of those responding to the study were classified as burned out according to conservative criteria for classification. The conclusion that burnout represents a health risk to teachers in this study has implications for school health personnel. Since school health personnel have experience in educating people about physiological and psychological factors that threaten health, and have experience in motivating individuals to take positive action regarding their health, they can provide teachers with information and skills to cope with occupational stress.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1983

Computing health.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1982

Racial differences in job satisfaction among white and black mental health employees.

Examination of the job satisfaction of paraprofessional and professional mental health employees has revealed that black employees were significantly less satisfied with their jobs then were white counterparts. A cultural explanation for these observed differences would hold that values and beliefs contributing to job satisfaction differ across race. This hypothesis was tested by separately factor analyzing 79 black and 222 white employee responses for black and white employees were compared using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and revealed six partially convergent job satisfaction themes. However, differences in the complexity and importance of analogous black and white factors supported the hypothesis that differing dimensions underlie job satisfaction for black and white employees.

Black or African American↗