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Biomedical subjects

R Rothe

Publications and source records attributed to R Rothe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Bavarian mammography screening program].

In Bavaria since the 1st April 2003 we have been conducting a high quality mammography-screening carried out in individual practises (BMS). We have used the European and the S 3 guidelines. The best diagnosis is an early diagnosis of the breast carcinoma to save human life. Because of this and the high mortality rate due to this disease it is essential to have a mammogram screening program. There is no single one ideal way of constructing a screening program, it is always based on compromise within the particular health care-systems. Arising problems cannot be avoided, it is only possible when all parties work closely together that the BMS works properly.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Surface models for coupled modelling of runoff and sewer flow in urban areas.

Traditional methods fail for the purpose of simulating the complete flow process in urban areas as a consequence of heavy rainfall and as required by the European Standard EN-752 since the bi-directional coupling between sewer and surface is not properly handled. The new methodology, developed in the EUREKA-project RisUrSim, solves this problem by carrying out the runoff on the basis of shallow water equations solved on high-resolution surface grids. Exchange nodes between the sewer and the surface, like inlets and manholes, are located in the computational grid and water leaving the sewer in case of surcharge is further distributed on the surface. Dense topographical information is needed to build a model suitable for hydrodynamic runoff calculations; in urban areas, in addition, many line-shaped elements like houses, curbs, etc. guide the runoff of water and require polygonal input. Airborne data collection methods offer a great chance to economically gather densely sampled input data.

Cities↗
PubMed2003

Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) and the modulation of iNOS expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

PURPOSE: Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) of arthritic joints applied during the peak of the acute inflammatory response improves the clinical and histomorphological development of adjuvant arthritis. The study was undertaken to investigate the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and haem-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), in response to LD-RT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adjuvant arthritis in female Lewis rats was induced by intradermal injection of heat-inactivated mycobacterium tuberculosis on day 0. Both arthritic hind paws were sham irradiated (group 1) or X-irradiated with either 5 x 1.0 Gy (group 2) or 5 x 0.5 Gy (group 3) from days 15 to 19 after induction (15 animals/group). On days 21 (n=12 joints/group) and 30 (n=18 joints/group), cryostat sections were analysed histologically and immunohistologically after specific staining for macrophages, iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1. RESULTS: A total of 5 x 1.0 Gy or 5 x 0.5 Gy led to a significant reduction of clinical symptoms from days 21 to 29, and a highly significant reduction of cartilage and bone destruction on day 30. Macrophage-positive areas could be detected continuously throughout the periarticular infiltrate, and were slightly reduced after LD-RT on days 21 and 30. This reduction was more pronounced after 5 x 1.0 Gy. Following LD-RT, the iNOS score was reduced by about 45-50% on days 21 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.001). In contrast, the HO-1 score was increased by about 50% on days 21 (p=0.08) and 30 (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The clinically and histologically observed prevention of the progression of adjuvant arthritis after LD-RT given during the peak of the acute inflammatory response and the reduction of cartilage and bone destruction in the chronic phase appears to be related to the modulation of iNOS activity by low X-ray doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Role of the posterior capsule in the aqueous-vitreous barrier in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes.

Clinical observations have shown that an intact posterior capsule between aqueous and vitreous may function as a barrier to low and high molecular weight substances, e.g., prostaglandins or the angiogenic factor. To determine if this protective barrier breaks down after posterior capsulotomy, we examined the distribution of fluorescein in human eyes after intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with capsulotomy, and ECCE and IOL implantation without capsulotomy in 12 patients each. After ICCE and after ECCE and IOL implantation with capsulotomy, diffusion of fluorescein into the vitreous showed similar values. These values were significantly higher than those obtained in patients after ECCE or ECCE and IOL implantation without capsulotomy. This leads us to believe that an intact posterior capsule prevents the diffusion of soluble substances.

Aphakia↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonic diagnosis prior to vitrectomy. Critical evaluation of 51 cases].

In ophthalmology it is of increasing importance to assess intraocular pathology prior to vitroretinal surgery by means of B- and A-mode ultrasound. Even for the experienced examiner with advanced instrumentation, major problems can arise as to whether retinal detachment has developed or not. This task involves the ability for acoustical differentiation of thin tissue membranes. The authors compared preoperative ultrasonic results obtained in 51 cases with the surgical findings during vitrectomy. The presence or absence of retinal detachment was evaluated correctly in 33 cases (91.7%) using high resolution contact B-mode alone. In difficult cases maximal echo amplitudes reflected from the suspected membranes were evaluated using a hand-held A-mode transducer (level difference A-mode echography) in addition to contact B-mode. Even the combined technique, though helpful in most cases, could not detect the presence or absence of retinal detachment in all cases.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1988

Isolated and combined effects of prolonged exposures to noise and whole-body vibration on hearing, vision and strain.

This study was carried out in order: (1) to examine the effects of isolated and combined prolonged exposures to noise and whole-body vibration on hearing, vision and subjectively experienced strain, and (2) to check the combined effects with repeated exposures. Six male subjects were exposed twice to noise (N) at 92 dBA, whole-body vibration (V) in the Z-axis at 4 Hz and 1.0 ms-2 rms, and noise and vibration (NV) for 90 min with each condition. Temporary threshold shifts of hearing (TTS) and their integrals (ITTS) were measured at 4, 6, 10, and 12 kHz. Visual acuity was examined by means of a very sensitive test. Cross-modality matching (CMM) of the handgrip force was used to judge the subjectively experienced strain. NV induced a clear tendency of higher TTS and ITTS than N, with several significant differences most pronounced at 10 kHz. With repeated exposures, the effect of NV decreased, while the reactions to N and V remained unchanged. The individual reactions to NV differed. The influence of the duration of exposures on vision depended on the condition; N caused time-dependent changes, whereas V did not. CMM-data increased with the duration of the exposure during V and NV. N was generally judged to be more straining than V; NV caused higher strain than V during the first 30 min of exposure only. Correlations between different effects suggest certain links between them. Additionally, less motivation--daily obtained by a questionnaire--often correlated with higher ITTS during N and NV. The results also illustrate the combined effects on the individual susceptibility, repetition of exposure, the kind of response, and, possibly, the actual psychic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of endothelial cell function with anterior segment fluorophotometry in pseudophakic patients.

Determining fluorescein permeability of the endothelial cell layer provides information on the endothelial cell barrier. Following topical application of fluorescein, the time dependent change of its concentration in the corneal stroma and in the aqueous humor yields the transfer coefficient (Kc) of the corneal endothelium. Measurements with a fluorophotometer resulted in a Kc of 0.002 minute to 0.005 minute for normal eyes. Patients with corneal barrier dysfunction (cornea guttata, Fuch's dystrophy) showed an increased Kc of 0.006 minute to 0.013 minute. Up to five years postoperatively, none of the patients investigated after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation showed a disturbance in the endothelial cell barrier function.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Experimental studies with a high-density silicone oil for giant retinal tear.

Fluorsilicone oil of high density (1.3 g/cm3) injected into the vitreous cavity after vitrectomy filled the rabbit eyeball in an anterior-posterior direction and unfolded a giant retinal tear (produced by peripheral retinotomy). Fluorsilicone oil injected into the anterior chamber causes a localized opacification of the cornea. Histologically, a fibroplastic metaplasia of the deep corneal layers with a newly formed posterior collagenous layer was found. Histologic findings were identical in fellow eyes in which polydimethylsilicone was used as a control substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Increased chromium and nickel content in lung tissue.

In random autopsies chromium (n = 23) and nickel (n = 16) together with various other metals, were determined in lung tissue by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. With increasing age a significant increase in concentration of both chromium and nickel was found. This is evaluated as an indicator for a corresponding exposure, which is marked by a local (workplace) and regional (environment) share of a clear increase in the total chromium/nickel load and by a life-long duration. The question arises, whether the selective concentration (long half-life) of the inhaled chromium and nickel particles/compounds in the lung are to be regarded as a stochastic lung cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Behavioural changes and bioelectric brain maturation of preterm and fullterm newborn infants: a polygraphic study.

Fifty-two preterm and fullterm infants requiring assisted ventilation were observed and examined polygraphically. In addition, 24 preterm infants without prenatal or perinatal complications and not needing assisted ventilation were examined polygraphically in order to validate a special method of differentiating sleep states and sleep cycles. State criteria were EEG records, eye movements and gross body movements. Using this evaluation method, all 14 low-risk preterm infants showed stable sleep states and cycles, as did 16 of 23 high-risk preterm and 10 of 15 high-risk fullterm infants. 11 high-risk preterm and fullterm infants were found to have extremely unstable sleep states, or were comatose. The EEG could not be evaluated in only one case. Infants requiring assisted ventilation showed the following changes in comparison with the infants who did not need ventilation: the percentage of quiet sleep increased significantly; the percentage of indeterminate sleep increased as a sign of more unstable behaviour; and the individual measurements of the recorded and observed variables showed wider variability. Bioelectric brain maturation decreased significantly with increasing risk among both preterm and fullterm infants given assisted ventilation.

Behavior↗