Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Rani

Publications and source records attributed to R Rani.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Associations between HLA class II alleles in a North Indian population.

The HLA DR and DQ class II genes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and recombinaton is quite rare. However, many different DR-DQ haplotypes appear to have developed during evolution, giving rise to a variety of combinations with different distributions in populations. In the present report, 138 subjects from North India were studied for the alleles of HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB5, DQB1 and DQA1 loci using PCR-oligotyping. The probable haplotypes were constructed based on two-locus associations observed in this population. A frequent haplotype in this population, DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601, has been reported very rarely in other ethnic groups. Other DR2 haplotypes, like DRB1*1502-DRB5*0102-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601, earlier reported in Caucasians, Chinese and Latin Americans, and DRB1*1502-DRB5*0102-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0503, earlier reported in Gypsies, were also observed. A relatively rare haplotype in Caucasians which was earlier reported in Gypsies from the Czech Republic, DRB1*1404-DRB3*0202-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503, was observed frequently in Indians, suggesting the probable migration of Gypsies from India. The results suggest that the North Indian population contains a mixture of Caucasoid, Black and Chinese genes. Similarities with Gypsies and South-East Asian populations suggest the role of ancient migrations from India.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Kappa-casein alleles in Zebu and cross-bred (1/2 Friesian, 1/4 Jersey, 1/4 Hariana) cattle from India using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP).

Primers and probes were designed to identify two common alleles CASK-A and CASK-B. A local breed of cross-bred cattle produced to improve the quality and quantity of milk, were studied for the alleles of kappa-casein (kappa-casein) gene using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSPO).

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

A new DRB1*15 allele (DRB1*1506) identified by sequence-based typing.

A new DRB1*15 allele (DRB1*1506) was detected during the studies of the 12th International Histocompatibility Workshop within the Allele and Haplotype Society #11 which studied the DR2 and DR51 antigens. The new allele was found in four unrelated Asian Indian individuals by sequence-based typing. It has a base substitution from T to C in codon 50 at a previously considered conserved position.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Prenatal diagnosis and management of urethral obstruction.

Eighteen cases of bladder outlet obstruction were diagnosed at Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow, over a period of 6 years. Commonest cause was posterior urethral valve in 11 cases (61%). Oligohydramnios was present in 78% of cases with a mortality of 67% mainly due to pulmonary hypoplasia. The 6 surviving infants (33%) underwent early postnatal surgery. Two of these have chronic renal failure on follow-up.

Female↗
PubMed1995

HLA-DPB1 alleles in a population from north India and description of a new variant (DPB1*5601).

HLA-DPB1 alleles were studied in 51 normal individuals and 93 leprosy patients from North India using a PCR-oligotyping technique. Hybridization patterns could identify 47 alleles of which 20 were found in the population studied. DPB1*0401 was found to be the most frequent allele with a frequency of 66.7% followed by DPB1*0402 (21.6%), DPB1*0201 (21.6%), DPB1*1301 (15.7%) and DPB1*0301 (13.7%). Besides the common alleles, DPB1*0101, *1701, *2601, *1001, *1601, *0901, *2901, *1501, *0501, *1401, and *3301 were observed at low frequencies. DPB1*2101, DPB1*2801, DPB1*3201 and DPB1*3501 were not found in the normal individuals studied but were observed in the group of leprosy patients. DPB1*0202, *0601, *0801 and *1101 were not found in this population. Two alleles with apparent new hybridization patterns were isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences obtained have confirmed the hybridization patterns. One of them (DPB1*4601) confirms a sequence recently reported. The other has been given the official designation of DPB1*5601.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Study of HLA class II alleles by PCR oligotyping in leprosy patients from north India.

Host factors seem to play an important role in determining the immune response and the differential manifestations of lepromatous (LL) and tuberculoid (TT) leprosy. In order to investigate the role of immunogenetic factors in determining the form of leprosy, the HLA class II alleles of DRB1, DRB3, DRB5, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 were studied by a PCR oligotyping technique in 93 patients and 47 healthy controls. DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502 (two of five tested subsets of the serologically defined DR2) accounted for 81.5% of the multibacillary patients (relative risk 16.3) and 60.7% of the TT patients (relative risk 5.7) compared to 21.3% in normal, ethnically- and geographically-matched controls. The much stronger association of DRB1*1501 with the multibacillary form than with the TT type of leprosy suggests a possible role in the differential immune response to M. leprae antigens. DQB1*0601 was found significantly more often than in controls throughout the leprosy spectrum, while DQA1*0103 was most frequent in the LL group and DQA1*0102 was selectively increased in the borderline lepromatous (BL) patients. On the other hand, DRB1*0701, DQB1*0201 and DQA1*0201 were decreased in the multibacillary leprosy patients (MLP) compared to TT patients and controls, and DQB1*0503 was selectively decreased in TT patients, suggesting that these HLA alleles might play a role in modulating the immune response that determines the form of leprosy that develops in each patient.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Association of HLA antigens with differential responsiveness to Mycobacterium w vaccine in multibacillary leprosy patients.

Leprosy patients undergoing phase II trials in two hospitals of New Delhi, India, were HLA typed to see the association of HLA with differential responsiveness to Mycobacterium w vaccine. The vaccine comprises an atypical, nonpathogenic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium w, which has cross-reactive antigens with M. leprae. Multibacillary patients who are lepromin negative are vaccinated at an interval of 3 months. Considerable improvement is evident in the patients in terms of a decline in bacterial indices and histopathological and immunological upgrading. But all the patients do not respond to the vaccine in the same manner; some are slow responders, while others are good responders. HLA-A28 and DQw3 (DQw8 + 9) were found to be associated with slow responsiveness, while DQw1 and DQw7 were found to be associated with a more rapid responsiveness to the M. w vaccine. However, these associations were not significant after P correction for the number of antigens tested for each locus except for HLA-DQw3 (DQw8 and DQw9) and DQw7. DQw7, a new defined split of HLA-DQw3, seems to be associated with the responsiveness to M. w vaccine.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1992

Do human leukocyte antigens have a role to play in differential manifestation of multibacillary leprosy: a study on multibacillary leprosy patients from north India.

118 multibacillary leprosy patients with differential manifestations were studied for the antigens they expressed at MHC loci to investigate the role of human leukocyte antigens in the differential response to the same causative agent. While the lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients showed a significant increase of Bw60, DR2, DRw8 and DQw1, borderline lepromatous (BL) patients had Bw52, DR9 and DQw7 significantly more often as compared to the normal controls. A comparison of LL, BL and mid-borderline (BB) patients showed a significantly higher frequency of Bw60 in LL patients as compared to the BL. However, Bw52, Bw53, DR9 and DQw7 were found significantly more often in the BL patients as compared to the LL patients but the difference failed to reach significance after pc. A comparison of HLA antigens in BB patients with those of either the LL or BL patients did not show any significant differences.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced contractility of the rat stomach during suppression of angiotensin converting enzyme by captopril in vitro.

1. Intragastric pressure (IGP) was used as an index, of the effect of serosal application of captopril (SQ 14,225; D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline) on the contractility of rat stomach in vitro. 2. Captopril, at concentrations greater than 0.3 microM, enhanced the spontaneous gastric motility (GM) in a concentration-dependent manner whereas concentrations less than 0.3 microM selectively potentiated 4 nM bradykinin (BK)-evoked gastric contractions without significantly affecting the spontaneous GM. 3. The kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin (100 u ml-1), markedly antagonized the enhanced GM to 1.4 microM captopril and BK (4 nM)-evoked contractions, without affecting the contractions evoked by angiotensin 1 (10 nM) and acetylcholine (0.4 microM). The angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin (50 microM) failed to mimic aprotinin. 4. The enhanced GM to captopril was markedly inhibited by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), and partially inhibited by atropine (1 microM). 5. These results indicate that in vitro, captopril (greater than 0.3 microM) enhances gastric contractility through kininase/ACE inhibitory action, presumably by increasing the concentration of undegraded tissue kinins and substance P. This motor response seems to be predominantly due to activation of the cholinergic neurones but non-cholinergic excitatory neurones are also involved.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

The distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in India.

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are widely distributed throughout the area studied including different altitudes ranging from sea level to 2500 ft above sea level. VAM fungi were recorded from 88% of the sites examined with Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus macrocarpum being the most commonly recorded. Mean species diversity was found to be maximum in the areas thickly vegetated and undisturbed.

Ecology↗
PubMed1987

Allelic segregation of HLA-Bw73 from B7.

We report here the reaction pattern of a local serum (C2487) with antigens B7 and Bw73, and data from an intercross family in which B7 and Bw73 antigens segregate as alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

The number of silver-staining NORs (rDNA) in lymphocytes of newborns and its relationship to human development.

The number of silver-staining NORs (rDNA)/cell and their pattern of distribution were studied in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated blood lymphocyte chromosomes of different age group individuals starting from newborns to old age (0-75 years) in order to investigate if the number of Ag-NORs or rDNA genes varies during development in humans. The results indicate presence of a relatively high modal number of NORs in newborns and infants (9.00 and 8.00/cell, respectively) and a significantly reduced number in old individuals (6.00/cell) as compared to that of normal adults (7.00/cell). These data are complimentary as well as comparable to the previous findings of Denton et al. (Mech. Ageing Dev., 15 (1981) (1-7). It is suggested that at young age due to an obvious enhanced growth and differentiation more gene sites may be transcriptionally active showing higher number of silver-stained NORs but as the development proceeds and the age advances many of these may be gradually repressed or inactivated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Baseline frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in newborn lymphocytes and its relationship to in vivo aging in humans.

Heparinised cord blood from newborns and peripheral venous blood from three other age groups of individuals (1-75 years) have been cultured in vitro to obtain baseline frequencies of SCE and to see if the frequency of baseline SCE in vitro varies as a function of aging in vivo. The results demonstrate an age-dependent variation in the frequency of SCEs. Although the SCE frequency was lowest (5.10/cell) in 1-5-year-old infants, a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) frequency (8.97/cell) was observed in the cord blood of newborns. In old age, the level of SCE also increased. The plausible reason(s) for such observations is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients suffering from poliomyelitis.

The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and various chromosome aberrations were studied in blood lymphocyte cultures of individuals suffering from polio virus infection. The frequency of SCEs was found to be within the normal range in polio patients whereas the frequency of chromatid breaks, gaps and other chromosome aberrations showed a significant (p less than 0.001) increase when compared with that of controls. It indicates that the mechanism(s) responsible for polio virus-induced chromosomal damage may not be related to or affect the molecular process(es) that functions in SCE formation.

Cell Transformation, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Action of vinblastine on myenteric neurones of guinea-pig ileum.

Motor activity of guinea-pig ileum in vitro was monitored by recording isometric tension. Superfusion of the serosal surface with vinblastine (22 microM) increased the motility of ileum but failed to do so in the presence of local anaesthetics and also in preparations depolarised with K+-Tyrode. Atropine (6 microM) or pentolinium (186 microM) reduced the motor response of vinblastine but higher concentration of atropine (60 microM) or pentolinium (930 microM) did not further attenuate the response. Strychnine (58 microM) reversibly blocked the atropine-resistant motor response elicited by vinblastine. It is concluded that vinblastine produces its motor effects by stimulating the non-cholinergic and to some extent cholinergic excitatory neurones of myenteric plexuses.

Animals↗