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Biomedical subjects

R Rabinowitz

Publications and source records attributed to R Rabinowitz.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intussusception following resection of Wilms tumor.

Postoperative intussusception is a documented complication of pediatric surgical and pediatric urologic abdominal operations. In contrast to "primary" intussusception's triad of crampy abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, and "currant jelly" stools, postoperative intussusception is generally characterized by abdominal pain and vomiting. An abdominal mass is not usually palpable, and few children have bloody stools. Proper diagnosis and treatment may be delayed because of similar abdominal symptoms in children who may be receiving radiation and chemotherapy, or with prolonged ileus. Two children operated on for Wilms tumor demonstrate the need for awareness of this potential problem in the postoperative patient.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Traumatic dislocation of testis.

Traumatic dislocation of the testis is a rare disorder with only 46 cases having been reported. We herein add 3 cases. Its association with motorcycle accidents and early adulthood are noted. Its mechanism, classification, diagnosis and pathology are discussed. Early closed reduction or surgical orchiopexy is recommended.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay as a screening procedure for in vitro fertilization.

Twenty couples with primary sterility due to mechanical factors entered our program of IVF. In addition to routine sperm evaluation, an SPA was performed in all cases. Whenever the SPA was pathologic, none of the human ova were fertilized in vitro, while 77% of the patients with a normal SPA had IVF of at least one human ovum. The good correlation between pathologic SPA and failure of IVF stresses the clinical value of this assay. The use of the SPA for patient selection for IVF is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Torsion of intrascrotal malignant testis tumors.

We report 2 cases of torsion of scrotal malignant tumors of the testis. A review of the literature disclosed several instances of torsion of intra-abdominal testicles with malignant tumors and only 1 case of a scrotal testis. The association of torsion and tumor in these cases may represent 2 manifestations of a dysplastic gonad.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nociceptive circling and naloxone.

Under suitable conditions, mice exhibit rotatory behaviour, with a direction preference. Noxious electric stimulation to the feet of mice was found to increase significantly the rate of turning, as well as the ratio between circling in the preferred and in the opposite direction (the latter change was not significant statistically). Naloxone injected prior to the stimulation period tended to reverse the effects of the stimulation. These facts may imply that enkephalins are released during this stimulation and influence rotatory behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Idiotypes of anti-major histocompatibility complex antibodies.

Our studies to date indicate that treatment with anti-idiotype to monoclonal anti-MHC antibodies can markedly influence the repertoire of anti-MHC antibodies expressed. The antibodies discussed here appear to represent two classes, one of which is public, probably representing expression of a germ line gene, and the second of which probably represents either a somatic variant of a germ line gene or one of a very large number of germ line genes devoted to the same specificity. In either case, this class of idiotype arises only rarely following antigen, but is readily induced by anti-idiotype treatment. There may indeed exist a third class of anti-MHC monoclonal antibodies representing distant somatic diversification from a germ line gene. Our only indication of this so far is that certain idiotypes are only induced after multiple boosts with anti-idiotypes rather than a single treatment. This finding, however, may reflect again the enormous number of different ways in which anti-MHC antibodies to the same nominal specificity can be produced. Finally, our results in adoptive transfer systems indicate that manipulation of idiotype expression by anti-idiotype treatment probably involves a complex pathway of cellular interactions. If, as we expect, these intercellular interactions involve idiotype and/or anti-idiotypic receptors, they should provide a model for mechanistic studies of the in vivo immune network.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Timing of ovulation for AIH with freeze-thawed, subfertile sperm: two case studies.

Two couples were studied in whom the male partner had become sterile due to irradiation therapy given for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Both couples achieved conception during the first and second treatment cycle, respectively, despite obviously subfertile freeze-thawed sperm. The success is attributed to optimal timing of a single homo-insemination (AIH), which was made possible because we could detect ovulation by using currently available sophisticated methods. The importance of precise timing of ovulation for insemination and the ability to retain fertilizing capacity of young males with compromised sperm, who underwent sterilizing treatment, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Heterogeneous abnormalities in the multimeric structure, antigenic properties, and plasma-platelet content of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in subtypes of classic (type I) and variant (type IIA) von Willebrand's disease.

FVIII/VWF in plasma and platelets was studied by various methods in 16 patients with von Willebrand's disease. These methods included measurements of both VIIIR:Ag and VIIIR:RCo levels, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, analysis of the dose-response curves with both fluid-phase and two-site immunoradiometric assays, and SDS-agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Studies of normal plasma and platelets by the last-named method disclosed the presence of nine to 10 clearly resolvable bands with molecular weights of approximately 1 to 10 X 10(6) and unresolved higher-molecular-weight material, consistent with the previously described multimeric structure of FVIII/VWF. The multimeric structure and antigenic reactivity of FVIII/VWF were normal in 11 patients with type I von Willebrand's disease. However, measurements of the VIIIR:Ag content in plasma and platelets disclosed the presence of three subgroups. In one (type I-1), the VIIIR:Ag content of both plasma and platelets was decreased; in type I-2, VIIIR:Ag was decreased in plasma but normal in platelets, whereas the reverse was found in two patients with type I-3. In five patients with type IIA von Willebrand's disease we observed various abnormalities in the multimeric structure and antigenic reactivity of FVIII/VWF. The distinguishing features in two patients, designated type IIA-1 and IIA-2, were a decreased amount of high-molecular-weight FVIII/VWF and an impaired antigenic reactivity in both plasma and platelets; the defects in type IIA-2 were qualitatively different and more strikingly abnormal than those in type IIA-1. In three other patients, designated type IIIA-3, a less severe deficit of high-molecular-weight FVIII/VWF in plasma was observed and, in addition, the multimeric structure of FVIII/VWF in platelets was normal. The findings in this study demonstrate that a variety of defects in the synthesis, release, antigenic reactivity, and multimerization of FVIII/VWF are probably responsible for the heterogeneous findings in patients with von Willebrand's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--legal and religious aspects in Israel, patient selection, and a modified technique for oocyte collection.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) have recently become an accepted treatment modality for patients with mechanically caused infertility. The first series admitted to our program comprised 42 patients with confirmed mechanical infertility. The method of patient selection and the techniques of laparoscopy, follicular aspiration and oocyte recovery are described. From 26 laparoscopies, a total of 39 oocytes was recovered. Normal cleavage of 10 oocytes was obtained; they were transferred into the uterus at the 4- to 16-cell stage. One pregnancy was obtained. An IVF and ET program involves certain ethical, legal and religious questions, which have special implications in Israel: foster mothers and the use of donor sperm are forbidden. Only married couples may enter the program. Indications, methods, success rates and method failure are discussed.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1983

Cell surface receptors involved in the attachment of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target cells - a study with xenoantisera to T-cell antigens.

In previous studies it was demonstrated that rabbit anti-mouse thymus sera (RAT) but not rabbit anti-brain serum (RABR), block the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The aim of the present study was to determine to what extent inhibition of the lytic activity of CTL reflects inhibition of the attachment of CTL to target cells. Following heat inactivation RAT and RABR were absorbed with mouse liver and kidney and tested for their capacity to inhibit the attachment of sensitized peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes (PEL) to various target cells. The exposure of sensitized PEL to RABR markedly reduced their capacity to form conjugates with either allogeneic or syngeneic target cells. In contrast, RAT inhibited only the formation of conjugates of sensitized PEL with the respective target cells against which they were immunized. Treatment with RAT had no effect on the formation of conjugates with irrelevant target cells. Additive experiments in which PEL were exposed to a mixture of both RAT and RABR indicated that the two antisera blocked different types of attachment. The inhibitory activity of RAT on conjugate formation could be removed by absorption with B-lymphoma cells but not with myeloma cells. Analysis of the correlation between the inhibitory effect of RAT on cell-mediated lysis (CML) and on conjugate formation revealed that the serum was about twice as effective in its capacity to inhibit CML as to inhibit the attachment of PEL to target cells. The results indicate that while RABR inhibits non-specific attachment of CTL which does not lead to cell lysis. RAT exerts its effect by interfering with immunologically specific functional receptors on CTL.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The relation between fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal movements.

Fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations associated with fetal movements is considered a sign of fetal well-being. Fetal movements as felt by the pregnant woman and visualized by real-time ultrasonography were correlated to FHR accelerations in 52 normal and high-risk pregnant women. All fetal movements felt by the mother or seen in the real-time ultrasonography were associated with large FHR accelerations (more than 15 beats per minute lasting 15 seconds or more) or small accelerations (fewer than 15 beats per minute). The large accelerations were associated with 78.6% of fetal movements felt by the mother and 99.6% of fetal movements seen by real-time ultrasonography. The small accelerations were associated with 52.9% of fetal movements felt by the mother and 82.4% of fetal movements seen by ultrasonography. Mothers felt 75.7% of fetal movements seen by real-time ultrasonography. It was concluded that fetal movements could be verified by existence of large accelerations on the FHR tracing.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Pseudo-von Willebrand's disease. An intrinsic platelet defect with aggregation by unmodified human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and enhanced adsorption of its high-molecular-weight multimers.

Four members (from four generations) of a family with a mild bleeding disorder and intermittent thrombocytopenia had decreased plasma levels of properties related to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF), an absence of high-molecular-weight forms of FVIII/VWF in the plasma (but normal multimeric structure in the platelets), and increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, as in Type IIB von Willebrand's disease. However, unlike the abnormality in FVIII/VWF in Type IIB disease, the basic defect in this family was in their platelets, which absorbed FVIII/VWF high-molecular-weight multimers at lower concentrations of ristocetin than did normal platelets. In addition, either in platelet-rich plasma or suspended in buffer, their platelets were aggregated by unmodified normal human FVIII/VWF without ristocetin. Since the abnormalities of plasma FVIII/VWF in this family may be secondary to the platelet abnormalities, the term "pseudo-von Willbrand's disease" may be suitably descriptive of their disorder.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Nuclear imaging in the pediatric acute scrotum.

The acute scrotum in the pediatric patient frequently presents a diagnostic dilemma for even the most experienced clinician. In an effort to improve testicular salvage in equivocal cases, immediate surgical intervention has been recommended, despite a large number of unnecessary explorations. Evaluating the sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m radioisotopic scan in 46 boys, we found this study to be a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and noninvasive test that allows the selection of those patients who require immediate surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD).

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) has been reported to be elevated in the serum of patients with idiopathic torsion dystonia. We have examined the levels in jewish patients suffering from that disease and found levels comparable to those of age-and sex-matched controls.

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase↗