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Biomedical subjects

R Rabinowitz

Publications and source records attributed to R Rabinowitz.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Outpatient orchiopexy.

Outpatient surgery in children has been recommended as a means to help contain the increasing cost of health care. In addition, the shorter the child's hospitalization the less psychologic trauma. This study examines the feasibility of performing outpatient orchiopexy based on preoperative evaluation, surgical success rate and cost-effectiveness. The records of 459 inpatient and 77 outpatient orchiopexies were reviewed with regard to patient age, medical history (including previous inguinal surgery), preoperative palpability and intraoperative location, anesthetic technique, complications, duration of hospitalization and hospital costs. The results indicate that at least 68 per cent of orchiopexies can be performed as outpatient procedures. Overnight hospital stay from the ambulatory surgery unit was necessary in 5 per cent. Followup revealed that, despite same day ambulation and lack of postoperative restrictions, surgical success was in no way compromised by an outpatient procedure. Cost analysis shows that an average savings of 50 per cent per hospitalization can result from outpatient orchiopexy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Trauma-induced testicular torsion in children.

Testicular torsion represents an urgent surgical problem, whereas it is usual to treat testicular trauma conservatively initially. Direct trauma to the testis has been suggested and occasionally reported to be associated with torsion of the testis. We herein report three cases of testicular torsion secondary to direct trauma. Review of the mechanism of torsion is included. Torsion must be included in the differential diagnosis of direct testicular trauma and treatment must not be delayed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Production of transcobalamin II by various murine and human cells in culture.

The ability of various murine and human cell types to secrete in vitro transcobalamin II (TCII), the vitamin B12 transport protein, was investigated. All cell types tested were found to secrete into the culture medium biologically active TCII molecules, capable of facilitating B12 uptake. The largest amounts of TCII were produced by primary cultures of murine fibroblasts and macrophages. Large quantities of TCII were also secreted by myeloma, erythroid leukemia, and macrophage-like tumor cell lines. Murine thymus cells of T lymphocyte tumors secreted only small quantities of TCII. Mouse monocytes and fibroblasts secreted considerably larger quantities of TCII than did their human counterparts. The data indicate that many cell types have the potential to produce biologically active TCII in vitro. Whether this in vitro potential also reflects in vivo biosynthetic activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anterior sacral meningocele presenting as abdominal mass.

Anterior sacral meningocele is a rare entity. It arises from a congenital defect of the sacrum and the coccyx through which herniation of the caudal portion of the meninges and their contents occurs, forming a cyst-like structure. The cystic mass, which lies between the rectum and sacrum, produces a variety of symptoms depending on its size and contents and constitutes a diagnostic problem. A case of anterior sacral meningocele is presented, including the physical signs, differential diagnosis, and the dangers of aspiration or surgical intervention.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to human T lymphocytes in xenoantisera elicited with a new immature T-cell line (Peer).

Peer, a continuous line of immature T lymphocytes, was recently established from a patient with T-cell leukemia. In the present study antisera elicited in rabbits by immunization with Peer cells and absorbed with B cells were found to react with a distinct T-lymphocyte antigen. Absorbed anti-Peer serum was highly cytotoxic for human thymus cells and exerted a preferential activity on peripheral T lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) surviving exposure to anti-Peer serum and complement were depleted of most of the cells forming E rosettes, whereas the proportion forming EAC' rosettes was increased. Similarly, the depletion of cells forming E rosettes resulted in a concomitant reduction of the sensitivity of PBL to the cytotoxic effect of anti-Peer serum, while the enrichment of E-rosette forming cells had the opposite effect. Anti-Peer serum did not inhibit the formation of E rosettes by PBL in the absence of complement. Absorbed anti-Peer serum failed to exert any cytotoxic effect not only on normal B lymphocytes but also on the CBL and IMB B-cell lines, yet maintained a cytotoxic activity on the Raji and Daudi cell lines. A possible interpretation of these results is that immunization with Peer cells, a line of immature T lymphocytes, leads to the production of antibodies to a distinct antigen expressed on thymus and peripheral T cells. The antigen seems to be absent from normal peripheral B lymphocytes, but may be expressed on a line of pre-B cells, such as the Raji and Daudi lines.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of cell-mediated lysis by xenoantibodies reactive with effector T lymphocytes.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether rabbit antisera against various murine tissue antigens contain antibodies that affect the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the absence of complement. Following heat inactivation, the xenoantisera were absorbed with mouse liver and kidney and tested for their capacity to inhibit cell-mediated lysis (CML). In the presence of complement (C), rabbit anti-brain antiserum (RABr), rabbit anti-thymus antiserum (RAT) and rabbit anti-boiled thymus antiserum (RABT) lysed effector T cells, and CML was abolished. In the absence of C, RAT maintained its strong inhibitory activity on CML, RABr had no inhibitory effect, whereas only some batches of RABT were effective. Monovalent Fab fragments of RAT inhibited CML as effectively as intact antibody molecules. The activity of RAT could be removed by absorption with T and B lymphocytes of various sources. Inhibitory antibodies could be removed by absorption with C3 H B lymphoma cells and upon elution from antibody-coated cells proved again highly effective in inhibiting CML. These results show that RAT contains antibodies which react with determinants shared by T and B lymphocytes and which block the activity of cytotoxic T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Gangrene of the genitalia in children with pseudomonas sepsis.

The incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia is increasing. Successful management is based upon early and aggressive therapy of the bacteremia and the usually associated granulocytopenia. A small number of such patients present with ecthyma gangrenosum, a characteristic skin lesion. During the last 4 years 5 children with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia presented to our hospital with these lesions. Although they occur most frequently on the extremities, buttocks or perineal region 2 of our patients had only isolated lesions of the external genitalia, resulting in gangrene of the penis in 1 and gangrene of the labia majora in the other. The gross and histologic pathology is reviewed. Recognition of this characteristic skin lesion enables the prompt institution of appropriate therapy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Hypertension secondary to massive upper pole hydronephrosis.

Hypertension secondary to hydronephrosis is uncommon, and when a duplex system is involved it is rare. A patient presenting with hypertension and an abdominal mass on the left side was found to have a non-functioning, massively dilated upper pole of a duplex system causing hyperreninemic hypertension. Treatment consisted of an upper pole partial nephrectomy. This unique case is discussed and the literature regarding hypertension secondary to hydronephrosis is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in children: the roile of renal autotransplantation.

We describe 2 children with renovascular hypertension treated successfully by autotransplantation, as well as an additional child in whom ex vivo microsurgical repair was attempted. The literature is reviewed and all patients within the pediatric age group with renovascular hypertension who were treated surgically are reported. The different types of vascular reconstructive techniques and, particularly, the previous use of autotransplantation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt for leukemic priapism in childhood.

Priapism is a complication rarely seen in childhood leukemia. Whatever the etiology the basic pathologic feature is obstruction to venous outflow from the corpora cavernosa. The cavernous bodies are erect but the glans penis and the corpus spongiosum usually remain soft. Various forms of treatment have been advocated for the management of this condition and have met with varying degrees of success. A boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia presented with priapism. Although radiation and chemotherapy induced prompt remission and dramatic decrease in leukocytosis, the priapism persisted. Resolution of the priapism was obtained using the transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) levels during tilting in patients with spinal cord injuries.

The activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) in the serum was measured in patients with quadriplegia and in healthy subjects. We assume that the plasma D beta H levels reflect sympathetic tone. Quadriplegics had significantly lower D beta H levels at rest. After head-up tilting a significant decrease in D beta H levels occurred in patients with spinal cord injury suggesting failure of the sympathetic nervous system. However, a considerable overlap exists between normals and quadriplegics, making this test of limited value in the assessment of autonomic function in individual subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of the activity of cytotoxic murine T lymphocytes by antibodies to idiotypic determinants.

The nature of the receptors on the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which enable these cells to recognize antigens on allogeneic targets, is still a matter of controversy. In the present study various mouse alloantisera were tested for their capacity to inhibit, in the absence of complement, the cytotoxic activity of sensitized peritoneal T lymphocytes. The only antiserum which, even after heat inactivation, consistently inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocytes was an antiserum elicited in (C3H X C57B1/6)F1 mice by immunization with AKR/Cum thymus cells. The serum inhibited the cytotoxic reaction of either AKR/J or AKR/Cum CTL on EL-4 target cells but had no inhibitory activity on the cytotoxic reaction of AKR/J cells against P-815 target cells. Thus the inhibitory activity of the serum could not be attributed to antibodies against Ly-3 determinants present in the serum. This conclusion was strengthened by the finding that the inhibitory activity of the serum could be removed by absorption, not only with AKR/J thymus cells but also with AKR/J bone-marrow cells, a procedure which did not affect the titre of Ly-3 antibodies. The serum failed to exert any inhibition on cytotoxic T lymphocytes of BALB/c and C3H mice reacting against EL-4 target cells, indicating that the inhibitory activity of the antiserum did not result from contamination by antibodies against C57B1 antigenic determinants. It was concluded that the inhibitory activity of the antiserum resulted from the presence of antibodies against idiotypic determinants expressed on AKR/Cum thymus cells reacting against the hybrid hosts. It seems, therefore, that idiotypic determinants expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be directly involved in their cytotoxic activity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

The effect of xenoantisera on T-lymphocyte functions in the absence of complement.

An attempt was made to determine whether xenoantisera can detect functional receptors on mouse T lymphocytes. Antisera were raised by immunizing rabbits with BALB/c thymus cells, boiled thymus homogenate, brain homogenate or bone marrow cells. Following heat inactivation these antisera were absorbed with mouse kidney and liver homogenates, and studied for their effect, in the absence of C', on the activity of murine T lymphocytes. Rabbit anti-bone marrow serum (RAB) had no effect on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) nor on cell-mediated lysis (CML). In contrast, rabbit anti-thymus serum (RAT) and anti-boiled thymus serum (RABT) inhibited strikingly, the MLR, CML, and the response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. Rabbit anti-brain serum (RABR) caused a marked increase of the proliferation of lymphocytes both in the presence or absence of various stimuli and had no effect on the CML. Absorption experiments indicated that a number of antigens are involved in the inhibitory activity of RAT. Antibodies to a T cell specific antigen interfere with the response of T lymphocytes to mitogenic stimuli, while the activity of cytotoxic T cells is inhibited by antibodies to a determinant shared by B and T lymphocytes.

Absorption↗