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Biomedical subjects

R R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R R Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Corneal complications after cataract surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Peripheral ulcerative keratopathy and necrotizing scleritis have been reported in rheumatoid arthritis patients after cataract surgery, but the incidence of these complications during the immediate postoperative period is unknown. We retrospectively studied 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent a total of 86 cataract extractions between 1973 and 1988. Only 15 of the patients had a preoperative history of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The best corrected postoperative visual acuity was greater than or equal to 20/30 in 81% of eyes. No episodes of scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratopathy occurred during the 8-week postoperative period. Three patients (all from the sicca group) developed diffuse superficial punctate keratopathy and/or filamentary keratitis. Results suggest that serious corneal complications after cataract surgery are uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis patients similar to the population found in our study (95% Poisson confidence interval 0-6.6%).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Increased sensory neuropeptides in nodular prurigo: a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis.

Seven patients with nodular prurigo, five patients with lichenified eczema and seven control volunteers were studied immunohistochemically using antisera to the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), and the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the C-flanking region of neuropeptide Y (C-PON). PGP-, CGRP- and SP-immunoreactivities were also evaluated using image analysis quantification, and the data compared by statistical analysis. No significant changes were noted in the lichenified skin of patients with chronic eczema, compared with the control groups. In contrast, a significant increase in PGP immunoreactive nerve fibers was seen in lesional skin of all nodular prurigo cases studied, when compared with non-lesional skin from the same patient or from control subjects (P < 0.001). In one case massive neural hyperplasia was also identified. Staining for CGRP and SP showed a large increase of immunoreactive nerves in lesional skin of nodular prurigo patients, which closely paralleled that of PGP. Staining with VIP, C-PON and TH was similar in both lesional and non-lesional skin. These results indicate that neural changes in nodular prurigo are associated with an increase of sensory neuropeptides, which could be related to the intense pruritus which accompanies nodular prurigo. The absence of significant changes in lichenified skin suggests that the increase in CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres is a characteristic feature of nodular prurigo and may be important in its pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ozone depletion and its effects on human populations.

Concern about the ozone-depleting potential of man-made chemicals has led the United Nations to control their usage. Under the present arrangements, fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons, halons and carbon tetrachloride will be phased out by the year 2000, and methylchloroform by the year 2005. Even so, atmospheric chlorine is expected to rise to seven times its natural level, so further ozone losses and greater ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can be expected over heavily populated areas of the globe. Calculating changes in skin cancer incidence is a two-stage process which must take account of the increase in biologically effective UVB that results from an ozone loss of 1% (optical amplification factor, OAF) and the percentage increase in skin cancer incidence that results from a 1% increase in annual UV dose (biological amplification factor, BAF). Epidemiological data provide a BAF value of approximately 1.7 for basal cell carcinoma and 3.0 for squamous cell carcinoma. The absorption spectrum of ozone and the increased carcinogenic impact of UV radiation around 300 nm results in a value for OAF of approximately 1.6%; thus a 10% loss of ozone, if sufficiently sustained, would eventually increase the incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinomas by almost 30% and 50%, respectively. Dermatologists, therefore, need to look carefully at the environment in order to safeguard the health of future generations.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1992

The clinicopathological features of familial cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas (Brooke-Spiegler syndrome): a report of two families.

We have studied four patients from two families and obtained the clinical data from four other affected family members who demonstrated the coexistence of multiple cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable penetrance was exhibited in both families, with a female to male ratio of 3:1. The clinical and pathological features of this rare association are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of beta, gamma, and delta T-cell receptor genes in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome.

The authors have analyzed the configuration of immunoglobulin (Ig) and beta, gamma and delta T-cell receptor (TCR) genes in DNA extracted from skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 41 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), 14 patients with Sezary syndrome, and 13 patients with benign inflammatory dermatoses. No discrete rearranged bands (DRB) were detected in patients with inflammatory dermatoses. In tissue DNA from 19 patients with MF DRB were detected with beta and gamma, but not delta TCR probes. Only one patient with MF had a rearrangement of gamma and delta with germ line beta TCR genes. In 13 patients multiple biopsies were analyzed and DRB, when present, were identical in different lesions from individual patients. In three patients analysis of DNA from dermatopathic lymph nodes did not reveal DRB. Analysis of peripheral blood DNA from 24 patients revealed a discrete rearrangement of the gamma TCR gene in four patients and both beta and gamma genes in four additional patients. In MF DRB were detected more frequently with advancing stage of disease in tissues (P less than 0.01) but not in peripheral blood (P equals 0.36). Of 14 patients with Sezary syndrome, eight had DRB in peripheral blood DNA with both beta and gamma probes and in three of these patients identical DRB were also detected in DNA from skin biopsy samples. In contrast, DRB were not detected in the peripheral blood of the other six patients. In both MF and Sezary syndrome there was no restricted usage of particular V gamma genes. These results indicate that in MF (1) T-cell clones can be detected in skin biopsy specimens from the majority of patients with early stage disease, (2) gamma delta T-cell clones are only rarely found, and (3) TCR gene analysis can detect T-cell clones in the peripheral blood with a greater degree of specificity than conventional light microscopic study. In Sezary syndrome these studies also suggest that a subset of patients have a polyclonal population of circulating atypical lymphoid cells. In addition these patients appear to have a better prognosis than those with monoclonal disease.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of beta, gamma, and delta T-cell receptor genes in lymphomatoid papulosis: cellular basis of two distinct histologic subsets.

To investigate the histogenesis of lymphomatoid papulosis (LYP), we have analyzed the configuration of the beta, gamma, and delta T-cell receptor (TCR) and Ig genes in DNA from 31 biopsies of 18 patients with this condition and also from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eight of these patients. Immunoglobulin genes were in a germ-line configuration in all patients, and TCR genes were in a germ-line configuration in six patients. In nine patients, one or two rearranged bands (RB) were detected with both beta and gamma TCR probes and in one patient with beta, gamma, and delta TCR probes. Two patients, in whom beta and delta TCR genes were in a germline configuration, had evidence of multiple discrete rearrangements of gamma TCR genes, consistent with a polyclonal T-cell population. Analysis of multiple biopsies revealed that RB, when present, were identical in different lesions from individual patients. All but one of the peripheral blood samples showed a germ-line configuration. The exception had evidence of a rearrangement of gamma and delta in peripheral blood and a beta and gamma rearrangement within tissue. This study has established that only a proportion of patients with LYP have a monoclonal T-cell proliferation. Correlation with the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic data revealed that a T-cell clone was limited to patients with Willemze type B LYP or "mixed type" LYP, whereas patients with type A LYP consistently showed a germline configuration of TCR genes. This study indicates that in LYP the atypical hyperchromatic cerebriform mononuclear cells of type B invariably constitute a monoclonal T-cell population whereas the atypical CD30 positive type A cells represent a proliferation of cells of non-B, non-T-cell lineage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lupus erythematosus profundus with partial C4 deficiency responding to thalidomide.

A female patient with disfiguring lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) from the age of 13 years was found to have an isolated partial C4 deficiency, with reduced levels of both allotypes, C4A and C4B. A genetic basis for the hypocomplementaemia was confirmed by a family study of complement and HLA types which revealed heterozygous null alleles for C4A and C4B in the proband. Marked improvement in her cutaneous lesions occurred with thalidomide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Yellow nail syndrome in association with carcinoma of the gall bladder.

We report the case of a 54-year-old female who was found to have adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder 2 years after the onset of yellow discolouration and deformity of all 20 nails. She also exhibited a past history of chronic sinusitis and mild bronchiectasis. As the tumour was inoperable, palliative surgery was performed. This case adds further support to a possible association between malignancy and the yellow nail syndrome (YNS).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Plasma exchange in refractory cutaneous vasculitis.

Eight patients with intractable cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis were given a trial of plasma-exchange therapy. All but one improved, five substantially. Four have been successfully treated by intermittent plasma exchange for periods of 5-12 years. Apart from one episode of hepatitis B, possibly related to administration of fresh frozen plasma, no major adverse effects have occurred. Plasma exchange can be a valuable therapeutic option in patients with severe refractory cutaneous vasculitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rash after treatment with anistreplase.

A palpable purpura developed on the legs and lower abdomen of a woman of 54 five days after she was treated with anistreplase anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) for an acute myocardial infarction. Histological examination of a skin biopsy specimen taken 6 days after treatment showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. The rash resolved within two weeks and there were no other complications.

Anistreplase↗
PubMed1990

The history, chemistry and pharmacokinetics of Sanguinaria extract.

Sanguinaria extract is a mixture of benzophenanthridine alkaloids derived from Sanguinaria canadensis L. (bloodroot). This mixture of alkaloids has a long history of use in tinctures and expectorants in pharmaceutical products. The purity of Sanguinaria extract is well defined. The chemistry and biochemistry of these alkaloids, including the dynamic equilibrium between acid and base forms, and pharmacokinetics of Sanguinaria extract shall be presented when this extract is incorporated into a dentifrice or oral rinse formulation.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

Radiation limits.

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Environmental Exposure↗