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Biomedical subjects

R R Crowe

Publications and source records attributed to R R Crowe.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Panic attacks in families of patients with mitral valve prolapse.

One explanation for the association between mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and panic attacks in clinic populations is that panic attacks represent a set of symptoms caused by mitral prolapse. Since mitral prolapse is often familial, this hypothesis predicts a higher incidence of panic attacks in relatives of persons with prolapse than the general population and the incidence of panic attacks in the relatives should be independent of panic attacks in the proband. We interviewed 50 probands with mitral prolapse and obtained family history data on panic attacks in their first degree relatives. The incidence of panic attacks in these relatives was 4.5 +/- 1.4% which is consistent with control rates which we have reported in previous studies. Twelve MVP probands also had panic attacks. The incidence of panic attacks in their relatives (15.7 +/- 5.1%) was significantly higher than the rate found among relatives of 38 probands without panic attacks (1.2 +/- 0.8%). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mitral prolapse and panic attacks are segregating independently in these families.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The Iowa 500: affective disorder in relatives of manic and depressed patients.

About 10% of hospitalized unipolar depressed patients ultimately became bipolar. Using a blind protocol to assess data from patient (N = 485) and first-degree relative (N = 2,803) interviews and hospital records, the authors found that bipolar probands and unipolar probands had more affective illness in their families than did control subjects. Although more relatives of bipolar probands than of unipolar probands had bipolar illness, the difference in risk for affective illness between relatives of bipolar probands and of unipolar probands was not significant. In general there were more female than male depressed relatives, bit the equal numbers of men and women among bipolar relatives suggest heterogeneity of illness within the families of bipolar probands.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Stability of psychiatric diagnosis. Schizophrenia and affective disorders followed up over a 30- to 40-year period.

Stability of diagnosis in schizophrenia and affective disorders is high. Patients selected according to research criteria for schizophrenia and affective disorders were followed up in a historical prospective study to evaluate their diagnostic stability over a 30- to 40-year period. Our follow-up, lifetime diagnosis, based on blind diagnostic assessment, showed that 92.5% of the personally interviewed schizophrenics were given the follow-up diagnosis of schizophrenia, which was significantly higher than the 78.3% found in affective disorders. However, no significant difference exists when assessment was made on available records of those who died or refused to be interviewed. These stability coefficients are discussed in light of the methodological assumptions involved in a long-term follow-up study. We concluded that the diagnostic stability in schizophrenia and affective disorders were very high and that rigorous diagnostic criteria should be maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Segregation and linkage analysis of a large kindred of unipolar depression.

We studied segregation and linkage in a large kindred of unipolar depression. We subtyped the kindred on the basis of best fit to a single gene model and found that the cluster of "definite and probable depression, alcoholism, and drug dependency" gave the best fit. Since this is essentially the definition of depression spectrum disease (DSD), this was considered to be a DSD kindred. Using this definition of "affected" the genetic model provided a better fit to the data than the environmental model, although the difference was not statistically significant. A linkage analysis using 30 genetic markers did not suggest linkage at any of the loci tested. Finally, there was no evidence for an association between DSD and any of the 30 genetic markers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Propranolol in chronic anxiety disorders. A controlled study.

In a double-blind crossover study the beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol hydrochloride reduced symptoms in 17 of 26 patients with chronic anxiety disorders. Both somatic and psychic symptoms improved as judged by patient and observer ratings. The most frequent side effects (dizziness, fatigue, and insomnia) were difficult to distinguish from anxiety symptoms and were, for the most part, mild. The therapeutic and side effects observed suggested CNS activity of the drug. Although propranolol is of benefit to patients with anxiety, its efficacy, compared with that of other antianxiety drugs, has not been established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and affective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions.

One thousand five hundred and seventy eight first degree relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives and controls were personally interviewed using the Iowa Structured Psychiatric Interview Form without knowledge of the probands' diagnoses. Our data, based on blind diagnostic assessment of the relatives, support the distinction between schizophrenia and affective disorders, although the distinction between schizophrenia and mania was not clear-cut. Our data could not support familial subtyping of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia, and unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Future studies attempting to develop research criteria for subtyping schizophrenia and effective disorders should utilize not only clinical and familial data but also biological markers and other non-familial variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A genetic study of panic disorder pedigrees.

Pedigree analysis is done on 19 kindreds of panic disorder, and the results suggest that this disorder is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Seven of these 19 kindreds were ascertained through a panic disorder proband with mitral valve prolapse. When the analysis is done omitting these seven kindreds, the results also suggest that panic disorder without prolapse is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1979

HLA antigens and schizophrenia.

We typed 45 schizophrenic patients for 35 HLA antigens and compared their frequencies with 1,263 population controls. No significant differences between schizophrenics and controls were found. When the schizophrenics were subtyped, a significant (P less than .05) excess of Aw26 was found among the hebephrenics, compared with the population controls. When the published literature on schizophrenia-HLA associations was surveyed, none of the reported associations were found to be consistent across studies. Some possible explanations for the heterogeneity among studies are discussed and it is concluded that an association between schizophrenia and any of the HLA antigens has not yet been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Exercise and anxiety neurosis: comparison of patients with and without mitral valve prolapse.

It has been hypothesized that mitral valve prolapse may account for a substantial number of patients who have symptoms of chronic anxiety neurosis. In a previous investigation, this hypothesis was confirmed in eight of 21 patients who had anxiety neurosis. In the present investigation, we reevaluated the hypothesis that persons with anxiety neurosis have impaired exercise ability by exercising 20 of the anxiety neurotics according to a standard treadmill exercise protocol. Compared with the control group, the anxiety neurotics required less exercise to achieve an equivalent heart rate and therefore their estimated maximum oxygen consumption was less, thus confirming the hypothesis. However, this difference was due entirely to the anxiety neurotics with mitral valve prolapse, and those without prolapse did not differ significantly from the controls. This suggests that impaired exercise tolerance in anxiety neurotics may be attributable to a subgroup of these patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The familial prevalence in second-degree relatives of patients with anxiety neurosis (panic disorder).

A family history study of second-degree relatives of 19 patients with anxiety neurosis (panic disorder) and 19 controls showed a morbidity risk of 9.5% among the former compared with 1.4% among the latter. These risks were approximately half those found among first-degree relatives. Female relatives were at higher risk for anxiety neurosis. The risk for other psychiatric illnesses did not differ between the relatives of anxiety neurosis and controls.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of ancestral secondary cases in anxiety neurosis (panic disorder).

The Slater computational model for use in distinguishing between polygenic inheritance and the effects of a single dominant gene with incomplete penetrance was applied to 15 kindreds of anxiety neurosis (panic disorder). The number of observed unilateral pairs (two ancestral cases from one side of the kindred) was significantly greater than the number expected. Therefore, these results suggest a dominant mode of transmission for anxiety neurosis.

Anxiety Disorders↗