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Biomedical subjects

R Pierloot

Publications and source records attributed to R Pierloot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Goal related observation of motor behavior in psychiatry].

The goals to be attained by the patients frequently are determined by the various professions in psychiatry solely before the background of their various specialities. The new observation tool--LOVIPT--is aimed at enabling an integrative approach to be taken, leading from purposive observation of problem behaviour to the formulation of therapy goals. The potential range of objectives is worded in such a way that they can be taken over by other disciplines as well. Development and scientific validation are described in some detail.

Arousal↗
PubMed1983

The significance of subclassification in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study of clinical features in 141 patients.

Within a sample of 141 female anorexia nervosa patients comparative investigations were carried out between three subgroups: dieters, binge-eaters, and vomiters/purgers. A number of significant differences were found, especially with respect to age and duration of illness, previous treatment failures, and long-term outcome. The results appear to support the authors' view that the static idea of anorexia nervosa as a unitary illness should be abandoned and replaced by a dynamic dimensional model according to which, in the course of time, changes may occur in the clinical picture of dysorectic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Drop-out during in-patient treatment of anorexia nervosa: a clinical study of 133 patients.

Although anorexia nervosa patients are notorious for their 'resistance' to treatment, the phenomenon of drop-out during in-patient treatment of these patients is scarcely described in the literature. In a consecutive series of 133 hospitalized female anorexia nervosa patients the authors found a remarkably high drop-out rate of about 50 per cent, spread over different phases in the therapeutic process. In order to find some 'risk factors' concerning the probability of premature discharge against medical advice, some clinical, demographic and follow-up data were analysed in a retrospective way. Dropping-out appears to be a function of age at admission, duration of illness, educational level, social class and treatment method. These findings are interpreted with respect to different types of resistance to psychotherapeutic treatment both on the part of the patient and her family. In most cases a drop-out has to be considered as a crisis-related event in the treatment process. It does not only require specific attention, but also reconsideration of the whole therapeutic approach to anorexia nervosa patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An inpatient treatment program for anorexia nervosa patients.

Inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa can be necessary for medical, psychosocial or psychotherapeutic reasons. In general, these patients are characterized by "negative" selection characteristics (illness duration, failures of previous treatments, unfavourable natural milieu, poor motivation, etc). An inpatient treatment program, in which 145 female patients have been admitted, is described. It consists of two phases: a first "symptom directed" phase aiming at weight restoration and normalization of eating, based mostly on behavior therapy principles; in a second "problem oriented" phase, patients are oriented either towards outpatient treatment (family therapy, individual psychotherapy), or, in the majority of the described cases, to an inpatient psychotherapeutic community program. The difficulties of this approach and some outcome results at long-term follow-up are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Pimozide combined with behavior therapy in the short-term treatment of anorexia nervosa. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study.

Eighteen female inpatients were included in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study aimed at testing the hypothesis that dopamine blockade may enhance the effectiveness of behavior therapy in the short-term weight restoration of anorexia nervosa patients. The patients were given a uniform contingency management program and, after a baseline period, they alternatingly (3-week periods) received pimozide (4 to 6 mg) or a placebo. During the first two periods pimozide almost significantly enhanced the weight gain induced by the behavior therapy program and beneficially influenced the patients' attitude towards treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Comparative assessment of two different types of therapeutic communities.

The authors tried to assess whether differentiating aspects of the treatment ideology of two therapeutic communities (psychoanalytic-psychotherapeutic and orthopedagogical were realised in the actual psychosocial milieux of the communities. Hypotheses were constructed about the differences in treatment ideology between the two communities, on the results on the Ward Atmosphere Scale Form C, which measure many aspects of the psychosocial milieu. The results show differences in the hypothesised direction, and confirm the accomplishment of differences in treatment milieu between the two therapeutic communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Anorexia nervosa in twins.

In 1979, Askevold and Heiberg made an interesting contribution to the discussion on the hereditability of anorexia nervosa by reviewing a series of case reports concerning monozygotic twins. Their data, however, were not entirely accurate and they also overlooked some important references which are briefly discussed. 3 cases of the authors' own practice are added. A final examination of the available data with respect to anorexia nervosa in twins does not substantially support the assumption that genetic factors may play a determining role in the etiology of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An attempt at an empirical delimitation of neurasthenic neurosis and its relation with some character traits.

This research examines empirically: 1) The existence and delimitation of a clinical neurasthenic neurotic syndrome as defined by van Dantzig & Waage (1962), consisting of feelings of impotence, fatigue, exhaustion and accompanying functional complaints, by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis of the rating answers to a questionnaire. 2) The relation between neurasthenic neurosis and character traits relating to different neurotic personality types and a psychopathic personality type. The results do not confirm the existence of this theoretically defined neurasthenic neurosis, but we find a cluster of somatic complaints which can easily be identified with what most authors consider as a neurasthenic syndrome. This empirically found neurasthenic syndrome has a significant positive relation with an anal-obsessive character trait "over-tidiness and over-cleanliness" and not with a neurotic-inhibited obsessoid character in general, other specific neurotic character traits, or a psychopathic character. On differentiating between patients presenting the syndrome for more or less than 6 months, it is seen that in the category of more than 6 months there is a tendency to an increase of a neurotic-inhibited obsessoid character in general, an anal-obsessive character trait "over-tidiness and over-cleanliness" and a so-called psychasthenic character relating to an intense ego-ideal and narcissistic tendencies.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Different models of analytic group psychotherapy. A comparative survey.

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on and to compare various psychoanalytic models which are used in the conceptualisation of the processes occurring in small psychotherapeutic groups. Three tendencies are roughly differentiated: (1) the tendency to analyse the individual patient in the group (Slavson, Wolfson and Schwartz, Kuiper); (2) the tendency to stress the importance of the group as a whole (Bion, Eziel, Whitaker and Lieberman), and (3) the tendency to consider the group more as a network of interpersonal relations (Foulkes). For each model the following aspects are analysed: the importance of the group or the individual; the role and the attitude of the therapist, and the factors which are considered therapeutic.

Communication↗
PubMed1978

Parental symbolism in the doctor image of asthmatic patients.

In a group of asthmatic adult subjects (n = 88) the maternal and paternal aspects in the doctor image have been invesigated. The Semantic Differential Parental, an item list consisting of 18 paternal and 18 maternal items, was employed. With this item list the following concepts were scored: the doctor, the father, the ideal father, the mother, and the ideal mother. In the formation of the doctor image, the contribution of maternal and paternal qualities were both qualitatively as well as quantitatively studied and compared with the parental images. The acquired data are interpreted in comparison with the findings of former studies, with the same methodology, in groups of neurotic, schizophrenic and mixed psychosomatic patients. It appears that asthmatic patients consider the doctor mostly as a minimally differentiated omnipotent figure, possessing all parental qualities, but excelling by paternity, instrumental and nurturance functions. We notice a close likeness with the doctor image of the mixed group of psychosomatic patients. In contrast to neurotics, who project on the doctor more the norm giving pole of paternity and the receptivity pole of maternity, for asthmatics and psychosomatic patients in general the doctor figure is invested with the all-embracing power qualities of both parents.

Adolescent↗